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3. Molecular Dynamics Study of Oscillators Spin Chain in Framework of Variable Interaction Range Model.

Author

ATI, M., ENACHESCU, C., and BOUAMRANE, R.

Subjects
*ORDER-disorder transitions, *MOLECULAR dynamics, *HAMILTONIAN systems, *PHASE transitions
Abstract

We numerically study the thermodynamic critical behaviour of the one-dimensional ferromagnetic spin model with variable interaction ranges using molecular dynamics simulation. Our results suggest that the model presents an order to a disorder phase transition, if the range length parameter surpasses the threshold ξc = 1:4. As expected, the order parameter of the magnetization M respects the Hamiltonian mean field transition, which occurs at ξ = 2. We show that the evolution of the system temperature is independent of the number of neighbours spins L considered in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
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4. Using the deconvolution approach for slug test analysis: theory and application

Author

Chakrabarty, C. and Enachescu, C.

Subjects
Boring -- Methods -- Research, Drilling and boring -- Methods -- Research, Wells -- Research -- Methods, Earth sciences, Research, Methods
Abstract

Introduction Slug tests are one of the most common well test methods. In a slug test, a sudden head change is imposed within a borehole and the subsequent recovery (or [...]

Published
1997

5. Erosion and deposition in the JET divertor during the second ITER-like wall campaign

Author

Mayer, M., Krat, S., Baron-Wiechec, A., Gasparyan, Y., Heinola, K., Koivuranta, S., Likonen, J., Ruset, C., De Saint-Aubin, G., Litaudon, Widdowson A., Abduallev, X., Abhangi, S., Abreu, M., Afzal, P., Aggarwal, M., Ahlgren, K. M., Ahn, T., J. H., Aho, Mantila, Aiba, L., Airila, N., Albanese, M., Aldred, R., Alegre, V., Alessi, D., Aleynikov, E., Alfier, P., Alberto, Alkseev, Allinson, A., Alper, M., Alves, B., Ambrosino, E., Ambrosino, G., Amicucci, R., Amosov, L., Andersson, Sundã©n, Angelone, E., Anghel, M., Angioni, M., Appel, C., Appelbee, L., Arena, C., Ariola, P., Arnichand, M., Arshad, H., Ash, S., Ashikawa, A., Aslanyan, N., Asunta, V., Auriemma, O., Fulvio, Austin, Avotina, Y., Axton, L., Ayres, M. D., Bacharis, C., Baciero, M., Baiã¡o, A., Bailey, D., Baker, S., Balboa, A., Balden, I., Balshaw, M., Bament, N., Banks, R., Baranov, J. W., Barnard, Y. F., Barnes, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnsley, M., Baron, Wiechec, Barrera, Orte, Baruzzo, L., Matteo, Basiuk, Bassan, V., Bastow, M., Batista, R., Batistoni, A., Baughan, P., Bauvir, R., Baylor, B., Bazylev, L., Beal, B., Beaumont, J., Beckers, P. S., Beckett, M., Becoulet, B., Bekris, A., Beldishevski, N., Bell, M., Belli, K., Bellinger, F., Belonohy, M., Ben, Ayed, Benterman, N., Bergsã¥ker, N. A., Bernardo, H., Bernert, J., Berry, M., Bertalot, M., Besliu, L., Beurskens, C., Bieg, M., Bielecki, B., Biewer, J., Bigi, T., Bã¬lkovã¡, M., Binda, P., Bisoffi, F., Bizarro, A., Bjã¶rkas, J. P. S., Blackburn, C., Blackman, J., Blackman, K., Blanchard, T. R., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, P., Boboc, V., Bodnã¡r, A., Bogar, G., Bolshakova, O., Bolzonella, I., Tommaso, Bonanomi, Bonelli, N., Boom, F., Booth, J., Borba, J., Borodin, D., Borodkina, D., Botrugno, I., Bottereau, A., Boulting, C., Bourdelle, P., Bowden, C., Bower, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, C., Boyd, T., Boyer, C., Bradshaw, H. J., Braic, J. M. A., Bravanec, V., Breizman, R., Bremond, B., Brennan, S., Breton, P. D., Brett, S., Brezinsek, A., Bright, S., Brix, M. D. J., Broeckx, M., Brombin, W., Matteo, Broså‚awski, Brown, A., Brown, D. P. D., Bruno, M., Bucalossi, E., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, J., Budny, M. A., Bufferand, R., Bulman, H., Bulmer, M., Bunting, N., Buratti, P., Burckhart, P., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, A., Bykov, N. K., Byrne, I., Cahyna, J., Calabrã², P., Calvo, G., Camenen, I., Camp, Y., Campling, P., Cane, D. C., Cannas, J., Capel, B., Card, A. J., Cardinali, P. J., Carman, A., Carr, P., Carralero, M., Carraro, D., Carvalho, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Casson, P., Castaldo, F. J., Catarino, C., Caumont, N., Causa, J., Cavazzana, F., Cave, Ayland, Cavinato, K., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, M., Cecil, S., Cenedese, E., Angelo, Cesario, Challis, R., Chandler, C. D., Chandra, M., Chang, D., Chankin, C. S., Chapman, A., Chapman, I. T., Chernyshova, S. C., Chitarin, M., Giuseppe, Ciraolo, Ciric, G., Citrin, D., Clairet, J., Clark, F., Clark, E., Clarkson, M., Clatworthy, R., Clements, D., Cleverly, C., Coad, M., Coates, J. P., Cobalt, P. A., Coccorese, A., Cocilovo, V., Coda, V., Coelho, S., Coenen, R., Coffey, J. W., Colas, I., Collins, L., Conka, S., Conroy, D., Conway, S., Coombs, N., Cooper, D., Corradino, S. R., Corre, C., Corrigan, Y., Cortes, G., Coster, S., Couchman, D., Cox, A. S., Craciunescu, M. P., Cramp, T., Craven, S., Crisanti, R., Croci, F., Croft, G., Crombã©, D., Crowe, K., Cruz, R., Cseh, N., Cufar, G., Cullen, A., Curuia, A., Czarnecka, M., Dabirikhah, A., Dalgliesh, H., Dalley, P., Dankowski, S., Darrow, J., Davies, D., Davis, O., Day, W., Day, C., I. E., Bock, De, Castro, De, De La Cal, De La Luna, Masi, De, Pablos, De, J. L., Temmerman, De, Tommasi, De, Vries, De, Deakin, P., Deane, K., Degli, Agostini, Dejarnac, F., Delabie, R., Den, Harder, Dendy, N., Denis, R. O., Denner, J., Devaux, P., Devynck, S., Maio, Di, Siena, Di, Troia, Di, Dinca, C., D'Inca, P., Ding, R., Dittmar, B., Doerk, T., Doerner, H., Donnã©, R. P., Dorling, T., S. E., Dormido, Canto, Doswon, S., Douai, S., Doyle, D., Drenik, P. T., Drewelow, A., Drews, P., Duckworth, P., Dumont, P. h., Dumortier, R., Dunai, P., Dunne, D., Äžuran, M., Durodiã©, I., Dutta, F., Duval, P., Dux, B. P., Dylst, R., Dzysiuk, K., Edappala, N., Edmond, P. V., Edwards, J., Edwards, A. M., Eich, J., Ekedahl, T. h., Jorf, El, Elsmore, R., Enachescu, C. G., Ericsson, M., Eriksson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Esposito, L. G., Esquembri, B., Esser, S., Esteve, H. G., Evans, D., Evans, B., Evison, G. E., Ewart, G., Fagan, G. D., Faitsch, D., Falie, M., Fanni, D., Fasoli, A., Faustin, A., Fawlk, J. M., Fazendeiro, N., Fedorczak, L., Felton, N., Fenton, R. C., Fernades, K., Fernandes, A., Ferreira, H., Fessey, J., Fã©vrier, J. A., Ficker, O., Field, O., Fietz, A., Figueiredo, S., Figueiredo, A., Fil, J., Finburg, A., Firdaouss, P., Fischer, M., Fittill, U., Fitzgerald, L., Flammini, M., Flanagan, D., Fleming, J., Flinders, C., Fonnesu, K., Fontdecaba, N., Formisano, J. M., Forsythe, A., Fortuna, L., Fortuna, Zalesna, Fortune, E., Foster, M., Franke, S., Franklin, T., Frasca, T., Frassinetti, M., Freisinger, L., Fresa, M., Frigione, R., Fuchs, D., Fuller, V., Futatani, D., Fyvie, S., Gã¡l, J., Galassi, K., Gaå‚azka, D., Galdon, Quiroga, Gallagher, J., Gallart, J., Galvã¡o, D., Gao, R., Gao, X., Garcia, Y., Garcia, Carrasco, Garcã¬a, Muã±oz, Gardarein, M., Garzotti, J. L., Gaudio, L., Gauthier, P., Gear, E., Gee, D. F., Geiger, S. J., Gelfusa, B., Gerasimov, M., Gervasini, S., Gethins, G., Ghani, M., Ghate, Z., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, M., Giacomelli, J. C., Gibson, L., Giegerich, C. S., Gil, T., Gil, C., Gilligan, L., Gin, S., Giovannozzi, D., Girardo, E., Giroud, J. B., Giruzzi, C., Gerardo, Glã¶ggler, Godwin, S., Goff, J., Gohil, J., Goloborod'Ko, P., Gomes, V., Goncalves, R., Goniche, B., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, M., Gorini, A., Gosk, G., Goulding, M., Goussarov, R., Gowland, A., Graham, R., Graham, B., Graves, M. E., Grazier, J. P., Grazier, N., Green, P., Greuner, N. R., Grierson, H., Griph, B., Grisolia, F. S., Grist, C., Groth, D., Grove, M., Grundy, R., Grzonka, C. N., Guard, J., Guã©rard, D., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, C., Gurl, R., Utoh, C., Hackett, H. H., Hacquin, L. J., Hagar, S., Hager, A., Hakola, R., Halitovs, A., Hall, M., S. J., Hallworth, Cook, S. P., Hamlyn, Harris, Hammond, C., Harrington, K., Harrison, C., Harting, J., Hasenbeck, D., Hatano, F., Hatch, Y., Haupt, D. R., Hawes, T. D. V., Hawkes, J., Hawkins, N. C., Hawkins, J., Haydon, P., Hayter, P. W., Hazel, N., Heesterman, S., Heinola, P. J. L., Hellesen, K., Hellsten, C., Helou, T., Hemming, W., Hender, O. N., Henderson, T. C., Henderson, M., Henriques, S. S., Hepple, R., Hermon, D., Hertout, G., Hidalgo, P., Highcock, C., Hill, E. G., Hillairet, M., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, J., Hizanidis, D., Hjalmarsson, K., Hobirk, A., Hodille, J., Hogben, E., Hogeweij, C. H. A., Hollingsworth, G. M. D., Hollis, A., Homfray, S., Horã¡äek, D. A., Hornung, J., Horton, G., Horton, A. R., Horvath, L. D., Hotchin, L., Hough, S. P., Howarth, M. R., Hubbard, P. J., Huber, A., Huddleston, V., Hughes, T. M., Huijsmans, M., Hunter, G. T. A., Huynh, C. L., Hynes, P., Iglesias, A. M., Imazawa, D., Imbeaux, N., Imrã¬å¡ek, F., Incelli, M., Innocente, M., Irishkin, P., Ivanova, Stanik, Jachmich, I., Jacobsen, S., Jacquet, A. S., Jansons, P., Jardin, J., Jã¤rvinen, A., Jaulmes, A., Jednorã³g, F., Jenkins, S., Jeong, I., Jepu, C., Joffrin, I., Johnson, E., Johnson, R., Johnston, T., Jane, Joita, Jones, L., Jones, G., Hoshino, T. T. C., Kallenbach, K. K., Kamiya, A., Kaniewski, K., Kantor, J., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, A., Karkinsky, J., Karnowska, D., Kaufman, I., Kaveney, M., Kazakov, G., Kazantzidis, Y., Keeling, V., Keenan, D. L., Keep, T., Kempenaars, J., Kennedy, M., Kenny, C., Kent, D., Kent, J., Khilkevich, O. N., Kim, E., Kim, H. T., Kinch, H. S., King, A., King, C., King, D., Kinna, R. F., Kiptily, D. J., Kirk, V., Kirov, A., Kirschner, K., Kizane, A., Klepper, G., Klix, C., Knight, A., Knipe, P., Knott, S. J., Kobuchi, S., Kã¶chl, T., Kocsis, F., Kodeli, G., Kogan, I., Kogut, L., Koivuranta, D., Kominis, S., Kã¶ppen, Y., Kos, M., Koskela, B., Koslowski, T., Koubiti, H. R., Kovari, M., Kowalska, Strzè©ciwilk, Krasilnikov, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krawczyk, V., Kresina, N., Krieger, M., Krivska, K., Kruezi, A., Ksiaå¼ek, U., Kukushkin, I., Kundu, A., Kurki, Suonio, Kwak, T., Kwiatkowski, S., Kwon, R., Laguardia, O. J., Lahtinen, L., Laing, A., Lam, A., Lambertz, N., Lane, H. T., Lang, C., Lanthaler, P. T., Lapins, S., Lasa, J., Last, A., Łaszyå„ska, J. R., Lawless, E., Lawson, R., Lawson, A., Lazaros, K. D., Lazzaro, A., Leddy, E., Lee, J., Lefebvre, S., Leggate, X., Lehmann, H. J., Lehnen, J., Leichtle, M., Leichuer, D., Leipold, P., Lengar, F., Lennholm, I., Lerche, M., Lescinskis, E., Lesnoj, A., Letellier, S., Leyland, E., Leysen, M., Li, W., Liang, L., Likonen, Y., Linke, J., Linsmeier, J., Lipschultz, C. h., Liu, B., Liu, G., Schiavo, Lo, Loarer, V. P., Loarte, T., Lobel, A., Lomanowski, R. C., Lomas, B., Lã¶nnroth, P. J., Lã³pez, J., J. M., Lã³pez, Razola, Lorenzini, J., Losada, R., Lovell, U., Loving, J. J., Lowry, A. B., Luce, C., Lucock, T., Lukin, R. M. A., Luna, A., Lungaroni, C., Lungu, M., Lungu, C. P., Lunniss, M., Lupelli, A., Lyssoivan, I., Macdonald, A., Macheta, N., Maczewa, P., Magesh, K., Maget, B., Maggi, P., Maier, C., Mailloux, H., Makkonen, J., Makwana, T., Malaquias, R., Malizia, A., Manas, A., Manning, P., Manso, A., Mantica, M. E., Mantsinen, P., Manzanares, M., Maquet, A., Marandet, P. h., Marcenko, Y., Marchetto, N., Marchuk, C., Marinelli, O., Marinucci, M., Markoviä, M., Marocco, T., Marot, D., Marren, L., Marshal, C. A., Martin, R., Martin, A., Martìn De Aguilera, Martã¬nez, A., F. J., Martã¬n, Solã¬s, Martynova, J. R., Maruyama, Y., Masiello, S., Maslov, A., Matejcik, M., Mattei, S., Matthews, M., Maviglia, G. F., Mayer, F., Mayoral, M., M. L., May, Smith, Mazon, T., Mazzotta, D., Mcadams, C., Mccarthy, R., Mcclements, P. J., Mccormack, K. G., Mccullen, O., Mcdonald, P. A., Mcintosh, D., Mckean, S., Mckehon, R., Meadows, J., Meakins, R. C., Medina, A., Medland, F., Medley, M., Meigh, S., Meigs, S., Meisl, A. G., Meitner, G., Meneses, S., Menmuir, L., Mergia, S., Merrigan, K., Mertens, I. R., Meshchaninov, P. h., Messiaen, S., Meyer, A., Mianowski, H., Michling, S., Middleton, Gear, Miettunen, D., Militello, J., Militello, Asp, Miloshevsky, E., Mink, G., Minucci, F., Miyoshi, S., Mlynã¡å™, Y., Molina, J., Monakhov, D., Moneti, I., Mooney, M., Moradi, R., Mordijck, S., Moreira, S., Moreno, L., Moro, R., Morris, F., Morris, A. W., Moser, J., Mosher, L., Moulton, S., Murari, D., Muraro, A., Murphy, A., Asakura, S., N. N., Na, Nabais, Y. S., Naish, F., Nakano, R., Nardon, T., Naulin, E., Nave, V., Nedzelski, M. F. F., Nemtsev, I., Nespoli, G., Neto, F., Neu, A., Neverov, R., Newman, V. S., Nicholls, M., Nicolas, K. J., Nielsen, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nilsson, P., Nishijima, E., Noble, D., Nocente, C., Nodwell, M., Nordlund, D., Nordman, K., Nouailletas, H., Nunes, R., Oberkofler, I., Odupitan, M., Ogawa, T., O'Gorman, M. T., Okabayashi, T., Olney, M., Omolayo, R., O'Mullane, O., Ongena, M., Orsitto, J., Orszagh, F., Oswuigwe, J., Otin, B. I., Owen, R., Paccagnella, A., Pace, R., Pacella, N., Packer, D., Page, L. W., Pajuste, A., Palazzo, E., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, S., Paprok, P., Parail, R., Park, V., Parra, Diaz, Parsons, F., Pasqualotto, M., Patel, R., Pathak, A., Paton, S., Patten, D., Pau, H., Pawelec, A., Paz, Soldan, Peackoc, C., Pearson, A., Pehkonen, I. J., Peluso, S. P., Penot, E., Pereira, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, Puglia, P. P., Perez Von Thun, Peruzzo, C., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, S., Petersson, M., Petravich, P., Petre, G., Petrella, A., Petrå¾ilka, N., Peysson, V., Pfefferlã©, Y., Philipps, D., Pillon, V., Pintsuk, M., Piovesan, G., Pires Dos Reis, Piron, Lidia, Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Pã¼tterich, T. h., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Rattã¡, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Rã©fy, D., Regan, B., Regaã±a, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes, Cortes, Reynolds, S. D. A., Riccardo, S., Richardson, V., Riddle, N., Rigamonti, K., Rimini, D., Risner, F. G., Riva, J., Roach, M., Robins, C., Robinson, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robson, T., Roccella, D. W., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, R., Rodriguez, P., Rohde, J., Romanelli, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romazanov, S., Rowe, J., Rubel, S., Rubinacci, M., Rubino, G., Ruchko, G., Ruiz, L., Ruset, M., Rzadkiewicz, C., Saarelma, J., Sabot, S., Safi, R., Sagar, E., Saibene, P., Saint, Laurent, Salewski, F., Salmi, M., Salmon, A., Salzedas, R., Samaddar, F., Samm, D., Sandiford, U., Santa, D., Santala, P., Santos, M. I. K., Santucci, B., Sartori, A., Sartori, F., Sauter, R., Scannell, O., Schlummer, R., Schmid, T., Schmidt, K., Schmuck, V., Schneider, S., Schã¶pf, M., Schwã¶rer, K., Scott, D., Sergienko, S. D., Sertoli, G., Shabbir, M., Sharapov, A., Shaw, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, R., Shepherd, H., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, A., Sibbald, G., Sieglin, M., Silburn, B., Silva, S., Silva, A., Simmons, C., Simpson, P. A., Simpson, Hutchinson, Sinha, J., Sipilã¤, A., Sips, S. K., Sirã©n, A. C. C., Sirinelli, P., Sjã¶strand, A., Skiba, H., Skilton, M., Slabkowska, R., Slade, K., Smith, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smithies, T. J., Snoj, M., Soare, L., Solano, S., Somers, E. R., Sommariva, A., Sonato, C., Piergiorgio, Sopplesa, Sousa, A., Sozzi, J., Spagnolo, C., Silvia, Spelzini, Spineanu, T., Stables, F., Stamatelatos, G., Stamp, I., Staniec, M. F., Stankå«nas, P., Stan, Sion, Stead, C., Stefanikova, M. J., Stepanov, E., Stephen, I., Stephen, A. V., Stevens, M., Stevens, A., Strachan, B. D., Strand, J., Strauss, P., Strã¶m, H. R., Stubbs, P., Studholme, G., Subba, W., Summers, F., Svensson, H. P., Åšwiderski, J., Szabolics, Å. ., Szawlowski, T., Szepesi, M., Suzuki, G., Tã¡l, T. T., Tala, B., Talbot, T., Talebzadeh, A. R., Taliercio, S., Cesare, Tamain, Tame, P., Tang, C., Tardocchi, W., Taroni, M., Taylor, L., Taylor, D., Tegnered, K. A., Telesca, D., Teplova, G., Terranova, N., David, Testa, Tholerus, D., Thomas, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thompson, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. A., Thorne, V. K., Thornton, L., Thrysã¸e, A., Tigwell, A. S., Tipton, P. A., Tiseanu, N., Tojo, I., Tokitani, H., Tolias, M., Tomeå¡, P., Tonner, M., Towndrow, P., Trimble, M., Tripsky, P., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, M., Tskhakaya, Jun, Turner, D., Turner, I., Turnyanskiy, M. M., Tvalashvili, M., Tyrrell, G., Uccello, S. G. J., Abidin, Ul, Uljanovs, Z., Ulyatt, J., Urano, D., Uytdenhouwen, H., Vadgama, I., Valcarcel, A. P., Valentinuzzi, D., Valisa, M., Vallejos, Olivares, Valovic, P., Van De Mortel, Van, Eester, Van, Renterghem, Van, Rooij, Varje, G. J., Varoutis, J., Vartanian, S., Vasava, S., Vasilopoulou, K., Vega, T., Verdoolaege, J., Verhoeven, G., Verona, R., Verona, Rinati, Veshchev, G., Vianello, E., Vicente, N., Viezzer, J., Villari, E., Villone, S., Vincenzi, F., Pietro, Vinyar, Viola, I., Vitins, B., Vizvary, A., Vlad, Z., Voitsekhovitch, M., Vondrã¡äek, I., Vora, P., Vu, N., Pires De Sa, Wakeling, W. W., Waldon, B., Walkden, C. W. F., Walker, N., Walker, M., Walsh, R., Wang, M., Wang, E., Warder, N., Warren, S., Waterhouse, R. J., Watkins, J., Watts, N. W., Wauters, C., Weckmann, T., Weiland, A., Weisen, J., Weiszflog, H., Wellstood, M., West, C., Wheatley, A. T., Whetham, M. R., Whitehead, S., Whitehead, A. M., Widdowson, B. D., Wiesen, A. M., Wilkinson, S., Williams, J., Wilson, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wischmeier, J., Withenshaw, M., Withycombe, G., Witts, A., Wood, D. M., Wood, D., Woodley, R., Wray, C., Wright, S., Wright, J., J. C., Wu, Wukitch, J., Wynn, S., Xu, A., Yadikin, T., Yanling, D., Yao, W., Yavorskij, L., Yoo, V., Young, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Zacks, R., Zagorski, J., Zaitsev, R., Zanino, F. S., Zarins, R., Zastrow, A., Zerbini, K. D., Zhang, M., Zhou, W., Zilli, Y., Zoita, E., Zoletnik, V., Zychor, S., I, and JET Contributors

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Surface analysis, Materials science, Divertor, JET-ILW, Material deposition, Material erosion, Nuclear engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 13. Climate action, Material Erosion, 0103 physical sciences, Erosion, 010306 general physics, Deposition (chemistry), Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Erosion of plasma-facing materials and successive transport and redeposition of eroded material are crucial processes determining the lifetime of plasma-facing components and the trapped tritium inventory in redeposited material layers. Erosion and deposition in the JET divertor were studied during the second JET ITER-like wall campaign ILW-2 in 2013-2014 by using a poloidal row of specially prepared divertor marker tiles including the tungsten bulk tile 5. The marker tiles were analyzed using elastic backscattering with 3-4.5 MeV incident protons and nuclear reaction analysis using 0.8-4.5 MeV 3He ions before and after the campaign. The erosion/deposition pattern observed during ILW-2 is qualitatively comparable to the first campaign ILW-1 in 2011-2012: deposits consist mainly of beryllium with 5-20 at.% of carbon and oxygen and small amounts of Ni and W. The highest deposition with deposited layer thicknesses up to 30 μm per campaign is still observed on the upper and horizontal parts of the inner divertor. Outer divertor tiles 5, 6, 7 and 8 are net W erosion areas. The observed D inventory is roughly comparable to the inventory observed during ILW-1. The results obtained during ILW-2 therefore confirm the positive results observed in ILW-1 with respect to reduced material deposition and hydrogen isotopes retention in the divertor.

Published
2017

7. Overview of fuel inventory in JET with the ITER-like wall

Author

Widdowson, A., Coad, J. P., Alves, E., Baron-Wiechec, A., Barradas, N. P., Brezinsek, S., Catarino, N., Corregidor, V., Heinola, K., Koivuranta, S., Krat, S., Lahtinen, A., Likonen, J., Matthews, G. F., Mayer, M., Petersson, P., Litaudon, Rubel M., Abduallev, X., Abhangi, S., Abreu, M., Afzal, P., Aggarwal, M., Ahlgren, K. M., Ahn, T., J. H., Aho, Mantila, Aiba, L., Airila, N., Albanese, M., Aldred, R., Alegre, V., Alessi, D., Aleynikov, E., Alfier, P., Alberto, Alkseev, Allinson, A., Alper, M., Alves, B., Ambrosino, E., Ambrosino, G., Amicucci, R., Amosov, L., Andersson, Sundã©n, Angelone, E., Anghel, M., Angioni, M., Appel, C., Appelbee, L., Arena, C., Ariola, P., Arnichand, M., Arshad, H., Ash, S., Ashikawa, A., Aslanyan, N., Asunta, V., Auriemma, O., Fulvio, Austin, Avotina, Y., Axton, L., Ayres, M. D., Bacharis, C., Baciero, M., Baiã¡o, A., Bailey, D., Baker, S., Balboa, A., Balden, I., Balshaw, M., Bament, N., Banks, R., Baranov, J. W., Barnard, Y. F., Barnes, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnsley, M., Baron, Wiechec, Barrera, Orte, Baruzzo, L., Matteo, Basiuk, Bassan, V., Bastow, M., Batista, R., Batistoni, A., Baughan, P., Bauvir, R., Baylor, B., Bazylev, L., Beal, B., Beaumont, J., Beckers, P. S., Beckett, M., Becoulet, B., Bekris, A., Beldishevski, N., Bell, M., Belli, K., Bellinger, F., Belonohy, M., Ben, Ayed, Benterman, N., Bergsã¥ker, N. A., Bernardo, H., Bernert, J., Berry, M., Bertalot, M., Besliu, L., Beurskens, C., Bieg, M., Bielecki, B., Biewer, J., Bigi, T., Bã¬lkovã¡, M., Binda, P., Bisoffi, F., Bizarro, A., Bjã¶rkas, J. P. S., Blackburn, C., Blackman, J., Blackman, K., Blanchard, T. R., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, P., Boboc, V., Bodnã¡r, A., Bogar, G., Bolshakova, O., Bolzonella, I., Tommaso, Bonanomi, Bonelli, N., Boom, F., Booth, J., Borba, J., Borodin, D., Borodkina, D., Botrugno, I., Bottereau, A., Boulting, C., Bourdelle, P., Bowden, C., Bower, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, C., Boyd, T., Boyer, C., Bradshaw, H. J., Braic, J. M. A., Bravanec, V., Breizman, R., Bremond, B., Brennan, S., Breton, P. D., Brett, S., Brezinsek, A., Bright, S., Brix, M. D. J., Broeckx, M., Brombin, W., Matteo, Broså‚awski, Brown, A., Brown, D. P. D., Bruno, M., Bucalossi, E., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, J., Budny, M. A., Bufferand, R., Bulman, H., Bulmer, M., Bunting, N., Buratti, P., Burckhart, P., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, A., Bykov, N. K., Byrne, I., Cahyna, J., Calabrã², P., Calvo, G., Camenen, I., Camp, Y., Campling, P., Cane, D. C., Cannas, J., Capel, B., Card, A. J., Cardinali, P. J., Carman, A., Carr, P., Carralero, M., Carraro, D., Carvalho, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Casson, P., Castaldo, F. J., Catarino, C., Caumont, N., Causa, J., Cavazzana, F., Cave, Ayland, Cavinato, K., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, M., Cecil, S., Cenedese, E., Angelo, Cesario, Challis, R., Chandler, C. D., Chandra, M., Chang, D., Chankin, C. S., Chapman, A., Chapman, I. T., Chernyshova, S. C., Chitarin, M., Giuseppe, Ciraolo, Ciric, G., Citrin, D., Clairet, J., Clark, F., Clark, E., Clarkson, M., Clatworthy, R., Clements, D., Cleverly, C., Coad, M., Coates, J. P., Cobalt, P. A., Coccorese, A., Cocilovo, V., Coda, V., Coelho, S., Coenen, R., Coffey, J. W., Colas, I., Collins, L., Conka, S., Conroy, D., Conway, S., Coombs, N., Cooper, D., Corradino, S. R., Corre, C., Corrigan, Y., Cortes, G., Coster, S., Couchman, D., Cox, A. S., Craciunescu, M. P., Cramp, T., Craven, S., Crisanti, R., Croci, F., Croft, G., Crombã©, D., Crowe, K., Cruz, R., Cseh, N., Cufar, G., Cullen, A., Curuia, A., Czarnecka, M., Dabirikhah, A., Dalgliesh, H., Dalley, P., Dankowski, S., Darrow, J., Davies, D., Davis, O., Day, W., Day, C., I. E., Bock, De, Castro, De, De La Cal, De La Luna, Masi, De, Pablos, De, J. L., Temmerman, De, Tommasi, De, Vries, De, Deakin, P., Deane, K., Degli, Agostini, Dejarnac, F., Delabie, R., Den, Harder, Dendy, N., Denis, R. O., Denner, J., Devaux, P., Devynck, S., Maio, Di, Siena, Di, Troia, Di, Dinca, C., D'Inca, P., Ding, R., Dittmar, B., Doerk, T., Doerner, H., Donnã©, R. P., Dorling, T., S. E., Dormido, Canto, Doswon, S., Douai, S., Doyle, D., Drenik, P. T., Drewelow, A., Drews, P., Duckworth, P., Dumont, P. h., Dumortier, R., Dunai, P., Dunne, D., Äžuran, M., Durodiã©, I., Dutta, F., Duval, P., Dux, B. P., Dylst, R., Dzysiuk, K., Edappala, N., Edmond, P. V., Edwards, J., Edwards, A. M., Eich, J., Ekedahl, T. h., Jorf, El, Elsmore, R., Enachescu, C. G., Ericsson, M., Eriksson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Esposito, L. G., Esquembri, B., Esser, S., Esteve, H. G., Evans, D., Evans, B., Evison, G. E., Ewart, G., Fagan, G. D., Faitsch, D., Falie, M., Fanni, D., Fasoli, A., Faustin, A., Fawlk, J. M., Fazendeiro, N., Fedorczak, L., Felton, N., Fenton, R. C., Fernades, K., Fernandes, A., Ferreira, H., Fessey, J., Fã©vrier, J. A., Ficker, O., Field, O., Fietz, A., Figueiredo, S., Figueiredo, A., Fil, J., Finburg, A., Firdaouss, P., Fischer, M., Fittill, U., Fitzgerald, L., Flammini, M., Flanagan, D., Fleming, J., Flinders, C., Fonnesu, K., Fontdecaba, N., Formisano, J. M., Forsythe, A., Fortuna, L., Fortuna, Zalesna, Fortune, E., Foster, M., Franke, S., Franklin, T., Frasca, T., Frassinetti, M., Freisinger, L., Fresa, M., Frigione, R., Fuchs, D., Fuller, V., Futatani, D., Fyvie, S., Gã¡l, J., Galassi, K., Gaå‚azka, D., Galdon, Quiroga, Gallagher, J., Gallart, J., Galvã¡o, D., Gao, R., Gao, X., Garcia, Y., Garcia, Carrasco, Garcã¬a, Muã±oz, Gardarein, M., Garzotti, J. L., Gaudio, L., Gauthier, P., Gear, E., Gee, D. F., Geiger, S. J., Gelfusa, B., Gerasimov, M., Gervasini, S., Gethins, G., Ghani, M., Ghate, Z., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, M., Giacomelli, J. C., Gibson, L., Giegerich, C. S., Gil, T., Gil, C., Gilligan, L., Gin, S., Giovannozzi, D., Girardo, E., Giroud, J. B., Giruzzi, C., Gerardo, Glã¶ggler, Godwin, S., Goff, J., Gohil, J., Goloborod'Ko, P., Gomes, V., Goncalves, R., Goniche, B., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, M., Gorini, A., Gosk, G., Goulding, M., Goussarov, R., Gowland, A., Graham, R., Graham, B., Graves, M. E., Grazier, J. P., Grazier, N., Green, P., Greuner, N. R., Grierson, H., Griph, B., Grisolia, F. S., Grist, C., Groth, D., Grove, M., Grundy, R., Grzonka, C. N., Guard, J., Guã©rard, D., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, C., Gurl, R., Utoh, C., Hackett, H. H., Hacquin, L. J., Hagar, S., Hager, A., Hakola, R., Halitovs, A., Hall, M., S. J., Hallworth, Cook, S. P., Hamlyn, Harris, Hammond, C., Harrington, K., Harrison, C., Harting, J., Hasenbeck, D., Hatano, F., Hatch, Y., Haupt, D. R., Hawes, T. D. V., Hawkes, J., Hawkins, N. C., Hawkins, J., Haydon, P., Hayter, P. W., Hazel, N., Heesterman, S., Heinola, P. J. L., Hellesen, K., Hellsten, C., Helou, T., Hemming, W., Hender, O. N., Henderson, T. C., Henderson, M., Henriques, S. S., Hepple, R., Hermon, D., Hertout, G., Hidalgo, P., Highcock, C., Hill, E. G., Hillairet, M., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, J., Hizanidis, D., Hjalmarsson, K., Hobirk, A., Hodille, J., Hogben, E., Hogeweij, C. H. A., Hollingsworth, G. M. D., Hollis, A., Homfray, S., Horã¡äek, D. A., Hornung, J., Horton, G., Horton, A. R., Horvath, L. D., Hotchin, L., Hough, S. P., Howarth, M. R., Hubbard, P. J., Huber, A., Huddleston, V., Hughes, T. M., Huijsmans, M., Hunter, G. T. A., Huynh, C. L., Hynes, P., Iglesias, A. M., Imazawa, D., Imbeaux, N., Imrã¬å¡ek, F., Incelli, M., Innocente, M., Irishkin, P., Ivanova, Stanik, Jachmich, I., Jacobsen, S., Jacquet, A. S., Jansons, P., Jardin, J., Jã¤rvinen, A., Jaulmes, A., Jednorã³g, F., Jenkins, S., Jeong, I., Jepu, C., Joffrin, I., Johnson, E., Johnson, R., Johnston, T., Jane, Joita, Jones, L., Jones, G., Hoshino, T. T. C., Kallenbach, K. K., Kamiya, A., Kaniewski, K., Kantor, J., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, A., Karkinsky, J., Karnowska, D., Kaufman, I., Kaveney, M., Kazakov, G., Kazantzidis, Y., Keeling, V., Keenan, D. L., Keep, T., Kempenaars, J., Kennedy, M., Kenny, C., Kent, D., Kent, J., Khilkevich, O. N., Kim, E., Kim, H. T., Kinch, H. S., King, A., King, C., King, D., Kinna, R. F., Kiptily, D. J., Kirk, V., Kirov, A., Kirschner, K., Kizane, A., Klepper, G., Klix, C., Knight, A., Knipe, P., Knott, S. J., Kobuchi, S., Kã¶chl, T., Kocsis, F., Kodeli, G., Kogan, I., Kogut, L., Koivuranta, D., Kominis, S., Kã¶ppen, Y., Kos, M., Koskela, B., Koslowski, T., Koubiti, H. R., Kovari, M., Kowalska, Strzè©ciwilk, Krasilnikov, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krawczyk, V., Kresina, N., Krieger, M., Krivska, K., Kruezi, A., Ksiaå¼ek, U., Kukushkin, I., Kundu, A., Kurki, Suonio, Kwak, T., Kwiatkowski, S., Kwon, R., Laguardia, O. J., Lahtinen, L., Laing, A., Lam, A., Lambertz, N., Lane, H. T., Lang, C., Lanthaler, P. T., Lapins, S., Lasa, J., Last, A., Łaszyå„ska, J. R., Lawless, E., Lawson, R., Lawson, A., Lazaros, K. D., Lazzaro, A., Leddy, E., Lee, J., Lefebvre, S., Leggate, X., Lehmann, H. J., Lehnen, J., Leichtle, M., Leichuer, D., Leipold, P., Lengar, F., Lennholm, I., Lerche, M., Lescinskis, E., Lesnoj, A., Letellier, S., Leyland, E., Leysen, M., Li, W., Liang, L., Likonen, Y., Linke, J., Linsmeier, J., Lipschultz, C. h., Liu, B., Liu, G., Schiavo, Lo, Loarer, V. P., Loarte, T., Lobel, A., Lomanowski, R. C., Lomas, B., Lã¶nnroth, P. J., Lã³pez, J., J. M., Lã³pez, Razola, Lorenzini, J., Losada, R., Lovell, U., Loving, J. J., Lowry, A. B., Luce, C., Lucock, T., Lukin, R. M. A., Luna, A., Lungaroni, C., Lungu, M., Lungu, C. P., Lunniss, M., Lupelli, A., Lyssoivan, I., Macdonald, A., Macheta, N., Maczewa, P., Magesh, K., Maget, B., Maggi, P., Maier, C., Mailloux, H., Makkonen, J., Makwana, T., Malaquias, R., Malizia, A., Manas, A., Manning, P., Manso, A., Mantica, M. E., Mantsinen, P., Manzanares, M., Maquet, A., Marandet, P. h., Marcenko, Y., Marchetto, N., Marchuk, C., Marinelli, O., Marinucci, M., Markoviä, M., Marocco, T., Marot, D., Marren, L., Marshal, C. A., Martin, R., Martin, A., Martìn De Aguilera, Martã¬nez, A., F. J., Martã¬n, Solã¬s, Martynova, J. R., Maruyama, Y., Masiello, S., Maslov, A., Matejcik, M., Mattei, S., Matthews, M., Maviglia, G. F., Mayer, F., Mayoral, M., M. L., May, Smith, Mazon, T., Mazzotta, D., Mcadams, C., Mccarthy, R., Mcclements, P. J., Mccormack, K. G., Mccullen, O., Mcdonald, P. A., Mcintosh, D., Mckean, S., Mckehon, R., Meadows, J., Meakins, R. C., Medina, A., Medland, F., Medley, M., Meigh, S., Meigs, S., Meisl, A. G., Meitner, G., Meneses, S., Menmuir, L., Mergia, S., Merrigan, K., Mertens, I. R., Meshchaninov, P. h., Messiaen, S., Meyer, A., Mianowski, H., Michling, S., Middleton, Gear, Miettunen, D., Militello, J., Militello, Asp, Miloshevsky, E., Mink, G., Minucci, F., Miyoshi, S., Mlynã¡å™, Y., Molina, J., Monakhov, D., Moneti, I., Mooney, M., Moradi, R., Mordijck, S., Moreira, S., Moreno, L., Moro, R., Morris, F., Morris, A. W., Moser, J., Mosher, L., Moulton, S., Murari, D., Muraro, A., Murphy, A., Asakura, S., N. N., Na, Nabais, Y. S., Naish, F., Nakano, R., Nardon, T., Naulin, E., Nave, V., Nedzelski, M. F. F., Nemtsev, I., Nespoli, G., Neto, F., Neu, A., Neverov, R., Newman, V. S., Nicholls, M., Nicolas, K. J., Nielsen, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nilsson, P., Nishijima, E., Noble, D., Nocente, C., Nodwell, M., Nordlund, D., Nordman, K., Nouailletas, H., Nunes, R., Oberkofler, I., Odupitan, M., Ogawa, T., O'Gorman, M. T., Okabayashi, T., Olney, M., Omolayo, R., O'Mullane, O., Ongena, M., Orsitto, J., Orszagh, F., Oswuigwe, J., Otin, B. I., Owen, R., Paccagnella, A., Pace, R., Pacella, N., Packer, D., Page, L. W., Pajuste, A., Palazzo, E., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, S., Paprok, P., Parail, R., Park, V., Parra, Diaz, Parsons, F., Pasqualotto, M., Patel, R., Pathak, A., Paton, S., Patten, D., Pau, H., Pawelec, A., Paz, Soldan, Peackoc, C., Pearson, A., Pehkonen, I. J., Peluso, S. P., Penot, E., Pereira, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, Puglia, P. P., Perez Von Thun, Peruzzo, C., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, S., Petersson, M., Petravich, P., Petre, G., Petrella, A., Petrå¾ilka, N., Peysson, V., Pfefferlã©, Y., Philipps, D., Pillon, V., Pintsuk, M., Piovesan, G., Pires Dos Reis, Piron, Lidia, Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Pã¼tterich, T. h., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Rattã¡, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Rã©fy, D., Regan, B., Regaã±a, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes, Cortes, Reynolds, S. D. A., Riccardo, S., Richardson, V., Riddle, N., Rigamonti, K., Rimini, D., Risner, F. G., Riva, J., Roach, M., Robins, C., Robinson, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robson, T., Roccella, D. W., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, R., Rodriguez, P., Rohde, J., Romanelli, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romazanov, S., Rowe, J., Rubel, S., Rubinacci, M., Rubino, G., Ruchko, G., Ruiz, L., Ruset, M., Rzadkiewicz, C., Saarelma, J., Sabot, S., Safi, R., Sagar, E., Saibene, P., Saint, Laurent, Salewski, F., Salmi, M., Salmon, A., Salzedas, R., Samaddar, F., Samm, D., Sandiford, U., Santa, D., Santala, P., Santos, M. I. K., Santucci, B., Sartori, A., Sartori, F., Sauter, R., Scannell, O., Schlummer, R., Schmid, T., Schmidt, K., Schmuck, V., Schneider, S., Schã¶pf, M., Schwã¶rer, K., Scott, D., Sergienko, S. D., Sertoli, G., Shabbir, M., Sharapov, A., Shaw, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, R., Shepherd, H., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, A., Sibbald, G., Sieglin, M., Silburn, B., Silva, S., Silva, A., Simmons, C., Simpson, P. A., Simpson, Hutchinson, Sinha, J., Sipilã¤, A., Sips, S. K., Sirã©n, A. C. C., Sirinelli, P., Sjã¶strand, A., Skiba, H., Skilton, M., Slabkowska, R., Slade, K., Smith, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smithies, T. J., Snoj, M., Soare, L., Solano, S., Somers, E. R., Sommariva, A., Sonato, C., Piergiorgio, Sopplesa, Sousa, A., Sozzi, J., Spagnolo, C., Silvia, Spelzini, Spineanu, T., Stables, F., Stamatelatos, G., Stamp, I., Staniec, M. F., Stankå«nas, P., Stan, Sion, Stead, C., Stefanikova, M. J., Stepanov, E., Stephen, I., Stephen, A. V., Stevens, M., Stevens, A., Strachan, B. D., Strand, J., Strauss, P., Strã¶m, H. R., Stubbs, P., Studholme, G., Subba, W., Summers, F., Svensson, H. P., Åšwiderski, J., Szabolics, Å. ., Szawlowski, T., Szepesi, M., Suzuki, G., Tã¡l, T. T., Tala, B., Talbot, T., Talebzadeh, A. R., Taliercio, S., Cesare, Tamain, Tame, P., Tang, C., Tardocchi, W., Taroni, M., Taylor, L., Taylor, D., Tegnered, K. A., Telesca, D., Teplova, G., Terranova, N., David, Testa, Tholerus, D., Thomas, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thompson, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. A., Thorne, V. K., Thornton, L., Thrysã¸e, A., Tigwell, A. S., Tipton, P. A., Tiseanu, N., Tojo, I., Tokitani, H., Tolias, M., Tomeå¡, P., Tonner, M., Towndrow, P., Trimble, M., Tripsky, P., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, M., Tskhakaya, Jun, Turner, D., Turner, I., Turnyanskiy, M. M., Tvalashvili, M., Tyrrell, G., Uccello, S. G. J., Abidin, Ul, Uljanovs, Z., Ulyatt, J., Urano, D., Uytdenhouwen, H., Vadgama, I., Valcarcel, A. P., Valentinuzzi, D., Valisa, M., Vallejos, Olivares, Valovic, P., Van De Mortel, Van, Eester, Van, Renterghem, Van, Rooij, Varje, G. J., Varoutis, J., Vartanian, S., Vasava, S., Vasilopoulou, K., Vega, T., Verdoolaege, J., Verhoeven, G., Verona, R., Verona, Rinati, Veshchev, G., Vianello, E., Vicente, N., Viezzer, J., Villari, E., Villone, S., Vincenzi, F., Pietro, Vinyar, Viola, I., Vitins, B., Vizvary, A., Vlad, Z., Voitsekhovitch, M., Vondrã¡äek, I., Vora, P., Vu, N., Pires De Sa, Wakeling, W. W., Waldon, B., Walkden, C. W. F., Walker, N., Walker, M., Walsh, R., Wang, M., Wang, E., Warder, N., Warren, S., Waterhouse, R. J., Watkins, J., Watts, N. W., Wauters, C., Weckmann, T., Weiland, A., Weisen, J., Weiszflog, H., Wellstood, M., West, C., Wheatley, A. T., Whetham, M. R., Whitehead, S., Whitehead, A. M., Widdowson, B. D., Wiesen, A. M., Wilkinson, S., Williams, J., Wilson, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wischmeier, J., Withenshaw, M., Withycombe, G., Witts, A., Wood, D. M., Wood, D., Woodley, R., Wray, C., Wright, S., Wright, J., J. C., Wu, Wukitch, J., Wynn, S., Xu, A., Yadikin, T., Yanling, D., Yao, W., Yavorskij, L., Yoo, V., Young, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Zacks, R., Zagorski, J., Zaitsev, R., Zanino, F. S., Zarins, R., Zastrow, A., Zerbini, K. D., Zhang, M., Zhou, W., Zilli, Y., Zoita, E., Zoletnik, V., Zychor, S., I, and JET Contributors

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Hydrogen, Plasma parameters, JET ITER-like wall, Divertor, Nuclear engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, fuel retention, 010305 fluids & plasmas, material migration, chemistry, Sputtering, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, Tile, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Post mortem analyses of JET ITER-Like-Wall tiles and passive diagnostics have been completed after each of the first two campaigns (ILW-1 and ILW-2). They show that the global fuel inventory is still dominated by co-deposition; hence plasma parameters and sputtering processes affecting material migration influence the distribution of retained fuel. In particular, differences between results from the two campaigns may be attributed to a greater proportion of pulses run with strike points in the divertor corners, and having about 300 discharges in hydrogen at the end of ILW-2. Recessed and remote areas can contribute to fuel retention due to the larger areas involved, e.g. recessed main chamber walls, gaps in castellated Be main chamber tiles and material migration to remote divertor areas. The fuel retention and material migration due to the bulk W Tile 5 during ILW-1 are presented. Overall these tiles account for only a small percentage of the global accountancy for ILW-1.

Published
2017

8. MeV-range velocity-space tomography from gamma-ray and neutron emission spectrometry measurements at JET

Author

Salewski, M., Nocente, M., Jacobsen, A. S., Binda, F., Cazzaniga, C., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, J., Gorini, G., Hellesen, C., Hjalmarsson, A., Kiptily, V. G., Koskela, T., Korsholm, S. B., Kurki-Suonio, T., Leipold, F., Madsen, J., Moseev, D., Nielsen, S. K., Rasmussen, J., Schneider, M., Sharapov, S. E., Stejner, M., Litaudon, Tardocchi M., Abduallev, X., Abhangi, S., Abreu, M., Afzal, P., Aggarwal, M., Ahlgren, K. M., Ahn, T., J. H., Aho, Mantila, Aiba, L., Airila, N., Albanese, M., Aldred, R., Alegre, V., Alessi, D., Aleynikov, E., Alfier, P., Alberto, Alkseev, Allinson, A., Alper, M., Alves, B., Ambrosino, E., Ambrosino, G., Amicucci, R., Amosov, L., Andersson, Sundã©n, Angelone, E., Anghel, M., Angioni, M., Appel, C., Appelbee, L., Arena, C., Ariola, P., Arnichand, M., Arshad, H., Ash, S., Ashikawa, A., Aslanyan, N., Asunta, V., Auriemma, O., Fulvio, Austin, Avotina, Y., Axton, L., Ayres, M. D., Bacharis, C., Baciero, M., Baiã¡o, A., Bailey, D., Baker, S., Balboa, A., Balden, I., Balshaw, M., Bament, N., Banks, R., Baranov, J. W., Barnard, Y. F., Barnes, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnsley, M., Baron, Wiechec, Barrera, Orte, Baruzzo, L., Matteo, Basiuk, Bassan, V., Bastow, M., Batista, R., Batistoni, A., Baughan, P., Bauvir, R., Baylor, B., Bazylev, L., Beal, B., Beaumont, J., Beckers, P. S., Beckett, M., Becoulet, B., Bekris, A., Beldishevski, N., Bell, M., Belli, K., Bellinger, F., Belonohy, M., Ben, Ayed, Benterman, N., Bergsã¥ker, N. A., Bernardo, H., Bernert, J., Berry, M., Bertalot, M., Besliu, L., Beurskens, C., Bieg, M., Bielecki, B., Biewer, J., Bigi, T., Bã¬lkovã¡, M., Binda, P., Bisoffi, F., Bizarro, A., Bjã¶rkas, J. P. S., Blackburn, C., Blackman, J., Blackman, K., Blanchard, T. R., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, P., Boboc, V., Bodnã¡r, A., Bogar, G., Bolshakova, O., Bolzonella, I., Tommaso, Bonanomi, Bonelli, N., Boom, F., Booth, J., Borba, J., Borodin, D., Borodkina, D., Botrugno, I., Bottereau, A., Boulting, C., Bourdelle, P., Bowden, C., Bower, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, C., Boyd, T., Boyer, C., Bradshaw, H. J., Braic, J. M. A., Bravanec, V., Breizman, R., Bremond, B., Brennan, S., Breton, P. D., Brett, S., Brezinsek, A., Bright, S., Brix, M. D. J., Broeckx, M., Brombin, W., Matteo, Broså‚awski, Brown, A., Brown, D. P. D., Bruno, M., Bucalossi, E., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, J., Budny, M. A., Bufferand, R., Bulman, H., Bulmer, M., Bunting, N., Buratti, P., Burckhart, P., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, A., Bykov, N. K., Byrne, I., Cahyna, J., Calabrã², P., Calvo, G., Camenen, I., Camp, Y., Campling, P., Cane, D. C., Cannas, J., Capel, B., Card, A. J., Cardinali, P. J., Carman, A., Carr, P., Carralero, M., Carraro, D., Carvalho, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Casson, P., Castaldo, F. J., Catarino, C., Caumont, N., Causa, J., Cavazzana, F., Cave, Ayland, Cavinato, K., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, M., Cecil, S., Cenedese, E., Angelo, Cesario, Challis, R., Chandler, C. D., Chandra, M., Chang, D., Chankin, C. S., Chapman, A., Chapman, I. T., Chernyshova, S. C., Chitarin, M., Giuseppe, Ciraolo, Ciric, G., Citrin, D., Clairet, J., Clark, F., Clark, E., Clarkson, M., Clatworthy, R., Clements, D., Cleverly, C., Coad, M., Coates, J. P., Cobalt, P. A., Coccorese, A., Cocilovo, V., Coda, V., Coelho, S., Coenen, R., Coffey, J. W., Colas, I., Collins, L., Conka, S., Conroy, D., Conway, S., Coombs, N., Cooper, D., Corradino, S. R., Corre, C., Corrigan, Y., Cortes, G., Coster, S., Couchman, D., Cox, A. S., Craciunescu, M. P., Cramp, T., Craven, S., Crisanti, R., Croci, F., Croft, G., Crombã©, D., Crowe, K., Cruz, R., Cseh, N., Cufar, G., Cullen, A., Curuia, A., Czarnecka, M., Dabirikhah, A., Dalgliesh, H., Dalley, P., Dankowski, S., Darrow, J., Davies, D., Davis, O., Day, W., Day, C., I. E., Bock, De, Castro, De, De La Cal, De La Luna, Masi, De, Pablos, De, J. L., Temmerman, De, Tommasi, De, Vries, De, Deakin, P., Deane, K., Degli, Agostini, Dejarnac, F., Delabie, R., Den, Harder, Dendy, N., Denis, R. O., Denner, J., Devaux, P., Devynck, S., Maio, Di, Siena, Di, Troia, Di, Dinca, C., D'Inca, P., Ding, R., Dittmar, B., Doerk, T., Doerner, H., Donnã©, R. P., Dorling, T., S. E., Dormido, Canto, Doswon, S., Douai, S., Doyle, D., Drenik, P. T., Drewelow, A., Drews, P., Duckworth, P., Dumont, P. h., Dumortier, R., Dunai, P., Dunne, D., Äžuran, M., Durodiã©, I., Dutta, F., Duval, P., Dux, B. P., Dylst, R., Dzysiuk, K., Edappala, N., Edmond, P. V., Edwards, J., Edwards, A. M., Eich, J., Ekedahl, T. h., Jorf, El, Elsmore, R., Enachescu, C. G., Ericsson, M., Eriksson, G., Eriksson, F., Esposito, L. G., Esquembri, B., Esser, S., Esteve, H. G., Evans, D., Evans, B., Evison, G. E., Ewart, G., Fagan, G. D., Faitsch, D., Falie, M., Fanni, D., Fasoli, A., Faustin, A., Fawlk, J. M., Fazendeiro, N., Fedorczak, L., Felton, N., Fenton, R. C., Fernades, K., Fernandes, A., Ferreira, H., Fessey, J., Fã©vrier, J. A., Ficker, O., Field, O., Fietz, A., Figueiredo, S., Figueiredo, A., Fil, J., Finburg, A., Firdaouss, P., Fischer, M., Fittill, U., Fitzgerald, L., Flammini, M., Flanagan, D., Fleming, J., Flinders, C., Fonnesu, K., Fontdecaba, N., Formisano, J. M., Forsythe, A., Fortuna, L., Fortuna, Zalesna, Fortune, E., Foster, M., Franke, S., Franklin, T., Frasca, T., Frassinetti, M., Freisinger, L., Fresa, M., Frigione, R., Fuchs, D., Fuller, V., Futatani, D., Fyvie, S., Gã¡l, J., Galassi, K., Gaå‚azka, D., Galdon, Quiroga, Gallagher, J., Gallart, J., Galvã¡o, D., Gao, R., Gao, X., Garcia, Y., Garcia, Carrasco, Garcã¬a, Muã±oz, Gardarein, M., Garzotti, J. L., Gaudio, L., Gauthier, P., Gear, E., Gee, D. F., Geiger, S. J., Gelfusa, B., Gerasimov, M., Gervasini, S., Gethins, G., Ghani, M., Ghate, Z., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, M., Giacomelli, J. C., Gibson, L., Giegerich, C. S., Gil, T., Gil, C., Gilligan, L., Gin, S., Giovannozzi, D., Girardo, E., Giroud, J. B., Giruzzi, C., Gerardo, Glã¶ggler, Godwin, S., Goff, J., Gohil, J., Goloborod'Ko, P., Gomes, V., Goncalves, R., Goniche, B., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, M., Gorini, A., Gosk, G., Goulding, M., Goussarov, R., Gowland, A., Graham, R., Graham, B., Graves, M. E., Grazier, J. P., Grazier, N., Green, P., Greuner, N. R., Grierson, H., Griph, B., Grisolia, F. S., Grist, C., Groth, D., Grove, M., Grundy, R., Grzonka, C. N., Guard, J., Guã©rard, D., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, C., Gurl, R., Utoh, C., Hackett, H. H., Hacquin, L. J., Hagar, S., Hager, A., Hakola, R., Halitovs, A., Hall, M., S. J., Hallworth, Cook, S. P., Hamlyn, Harris, Hammond, C., Harrington, K., Harrison, C., Harting, J., Hasenbeck, D., Hatano, F., Hatch, Y., Haupt, D. R., Hawes, T. D. V., Hawkes, J., Hawkins, N. C., Hawkins, J., Haydon, P., Hayter, P. W., Hazel, N., Heesterman, S., Heinola, P. J. L., Hellesen, K., Hellsten, C., Helou, T., Hemming, W., Hender, O. N., Henderson, T. C., Henderson, M., Henriques, S. S., Hepple, R., Hermon, D., Hertout, G., Hidalgo, P., Highcock, C., Hill, E. G., Hillairet, M., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, J., Hizanidis, D., Hjalmarsson, K., Hobirk, A., Hodille, J., Hogben, E., Hogeweij, C. H. A., Hollingsworth, G. M. D., Hollis, A., Homfray, S., Horã¡äek, D. A., Hornung, J., Horton, G., Horton, A. R., Horvath, L. D., Hotchin, L., Hough, S. P., Howarth, M. R., Hubbard, P. J., Huber, A., Huddleston, V., Hughes, T. M., Huijsmans, M., Hunter, G. T. A., Huynh, C. L., Hynes, P., Iglesias, A. M., Imazawa, D., Imbeaux, N., Imrã¬å¡ek, F., Incelli, M., Innocente, M., Irishkin, P., Ivanova, Stanik, Jachmich, I., Jacobsen, S., Jacquet, A. S., Jansons, P., Jardin, J., Jã¤rvinen, A., Jaulmes, A., Jednorã³g, F., Jenkins, S., Jeong, I., Jepu, C., Joffrin, I., Johnson, E., Johnson, R., Johnston, T., Jane, Joita, Jones, L., Jones, G., Hoshino, T. T. C., Kallenbach, K. K., Kamiya, A., Kaniewski, K., Kantor, J., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, A., Karkinsky, J., Karnowska, D., Kaufman, I., Kaveney, M., Kazakov, G., Kazantzidis, Y., Keeling, V., Keenan, D. L., Keep, T., Kempenaars, J., Kennedy, M., Kenny, C., Kent, D., Kent, J., Khilkevich, O. N., Kim, E., Kim, H. T., Kinch, H. S., King, A., King, C., King, D., Kinna, R. F., Kiptily, D. J., Kirk, V., Kirov, A., Kirschner, K., Kizane, A., Klepper, G., Klix, C., Knight, A., Knipe, P., Knott, S. J., Kobuchi, S., Kã¶chl, T., Kocsis, F., Kodeli, G., Kogan, I., Kogut, L., Koivuranta, D., Kominis, S., Kã¶ppen, Y., Kos, M., Koskela, B., Koslowski, T., Koubiti, H. R., Kovari, M., Kowalska, Strzè©ciwilk, Krasilnikov, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krawczyk, V., Kresina, N., Krieger, M., Krivska, K., Kruezi, A., Ksiaå¼ek, U., Kukushkin, I., Kundu, A., Kurki, Suonio, Kwak, T., Kwiatkowski, S., Kwon, R., Laguardia, O. J., Lahtinen, L., Laing, A., Lam, A., Lambertz, N., Lane, H. T., Lang, C., Lanthaler, P. T., Lapins, S., Lasa, J., Last, A., Łaszyå„ska, J. R., Lawless, E., Lawson, R., Lawson, A., Lazaros, K. D., Lazzaro, A., Leddy, E., Lee, J., Lefebvre, S., Leggate, X., Lehmann, H. J., Lehnen, J., Leichtle, M., Leichuer, D., Leipold, P., Lengar, F., Lennholm, I., Lerche, M., Lescinskis, E., Lesnoj, A., Letellier, S., Leyland, E., Leysen, M., Li, W., Liang, L., Likonen, Y., Linke, J., Linsmeier, J., Lipschultz, C. h., Liu, B., Liu, G., Schiavo, Lo, Loarer, V. P., Loarte, T., Lobel, A., Lomanowski, R. C., Lomas, B., Lã¶nnroth, P. J., Lã³pez, J., J. M., Lã³pez, Razola, Lorenzini, J., Losada, R., Lovell, U., Loving, J. J., Lowry, A. B., Luce, C., Lucock, T., Lukin, R. M. A., Luna, A., Lungaroni, C., Lungu, M., Lungu, C. P., Lunniss, M., Lupelli, A., Lyssoivan, I., Macdonald, A., Macheta, N., Maczewa, P., Magesh, K., Maget, B., Maggi, P., Maier, C., Mailloux, H., Makkonen, J., Makwana, T., Malaquias, R., Malizia, A., Manas, A., Manning, P., Manso, A., Mantica, M. E., Mantsinen, P., Manzanares, M., Maquet, A., Marandet, P. h., Marcenko, Y., Marchetto, N., Marchuk, C., Marinelli, O., Marinucci, M., Markoviä, M., Marocco, T., Marot, D., Marren, L., Marshal, C. A., Martin, R., Martin, A., Martìn De Aguilera, Martã¬nez, A., F. J., Martã¬n, Solã¬s, Martynova, J. R., Maruyama, Y., Masiello, S., Maslov, A., Matejcik, M., Mattei, S., Matthews, M., Maviglia, G. F., Mayer, F., Mayoral, M., M. L., May, Smith, Mazon, T., Mazzotta, D., Mcadams, C., Mccarthy, R., Mcclements, P. J., Mccormack, K. G., Mccullen, O., Mcdonald, P. A., Mcintosh, D., Mckean, S., Mckehon, R., Meadows, J., Meakins, R. C., Medina, A., Medland, F., Medley, M., Meigh, S., Meigs, S., Meisl, A. G., Meitner, G., Meneses, S., Menmuir, L., Mergia, S., Merrigan, K., Mertens, I. R., Meshchaninov, P. h., Messiaen, S., Meyer, A., Mianowski, H., Michling, S., Middleton, Gear, Miettunen, D., Militello, J., Militello, Asp, Miloshevsky, E., Mink, G., Minucci, F., Miyoshi, S., Mlynã¡å™, Y., Molina, J., Monakhov, D., Moneti, I., Mooney, M., Moradi, R., Mordijck, S., Moreira, S., Moreno, L., Moro, R., Morris, F., Morris, A. W., Moser, J., Mosher, L., Moulton, S., Murari, D., Muraro, A., Murphy, A., Asakura, S., N. N., Na, Nabais, Y. S., Naish, F., Nakano, R., Nardon, T., Naulin, E., Nave, V., Nedzelski, M. F. F., Nemtsev, I., Nespoli, G., Neto, F., Neu, A., Neverov, R., Newman, V. S., Nicholls, M., Nicolas, K. J., Nielsen, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nilsson, P., Nishijima, E., Noble, D., Nocente, C., Nodwell, M., Nordlund, D., Nordman, K., Nouailletas, H., Nunes, R., Oberkofler, I., Odupitan, M., Ogawa, T., O'Gorman, M. T., Okabayashi, T., Olney, M., Omolayo, R., O'Mullane, O., Ongena, M., Orsitto, J., Orszagh, F., Oswuigwe, J., Otin, B. I., Owen, R., Paccagnella, A., Pace, R., Pacella, N., Packer, D., Page, L. W., Pajuste, A., Palazzo, E., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, S., Paprok, P., Parail, R., Park, V., Parra, Diaz, Parsons, F., Pasqualotto, M., Patel, R., Pathak, A., Paton, S., Patten, D., Pau, H., Pawelec, A., Paz, Soldan, Peackoc, C., Pearson, A., Pehkonen, I. J., Peluso, S. P., Penot, E., Pereira, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, Puglia, P. P., Perez Von Thun, Peruzzo, C., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, S., Petersson, M., Petravich, P., Petre, G., Petrella, A., Petrå¾ilka, N., Peysson, V., Pfefferlã©, Y., Philipps, D., Pillon, V., Pintsuk, M., Piovesan, G., Pires Dos Reis, Piron, Lidia, Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Pã¼tterich, T. h., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Rattã¡, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Rã©fy, D., Regan, B., Regaã±a, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes, Cortes, Reynolds, S. D. A., Riccardo, S., Richardson, V., Riddle, N., Rigamonti, K., Rimini, D., Risner, F. G., Riva, J., Roach, M., Robins, C., Robinson, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robson, T., Roccella, D. W., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, R., Rodriguez, P., Rohde, J., Romanelli, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romazanov, S., Rowe, J., Rubel, S., Rubinacci, M., Rubino, G., Ruchko, G., Ruiz, L., Ruset, M., Rzadkiewicz, C., Saarelma, J., Sabot, S., Safi, R., Sagar, E., Saibene, P., Saint, Laurent, Salewski, F., Salmi, M., Salmon, A., Salzedas, R., Samaddar, F., Samm, D., Sandiford, U., Santa, D., Santala, P., Santos, M. I. K., Santucci, B., Sartori, A., Sartori, F., Sauter, R., Scannell, O., Schlummer, R., Schmid, T., Schmidt, K., Schmuck, V., Schneider, S., Schã¶pf, M., Schwã¶rer, K., Scott, D., Sergienko, S. D., Sertoli, G., Shabbir, M., Sharapov, A., Shaw, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, R., Shepherd, H., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, A., Sibbald, G., Sieglin, M., Silburn, B., Silva, S., Silva, A., Simmons, C., Simpson, P. A., Simpson, Hutchinson, Sinha, J., Sipilã¤, A., Sips, S. K., Sirã©n, A. C. C., Sirinelli, P., Sjã¶strand, A., Skiba, H., Skilton, M., Slabkowska, R., Slade, K., Smith, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smithies, T. J., Snoj, M., Soare, L., Solano, S., Somers, E. R., Sommariva, A., Sonato, C., Piergiorgio, Sopplesa, Sousa, A., Sozzi, J., Spagnolo, C., Silvia, Spelzini, Spineanu, T., Stables, F., Stamatelatos, G., Stamp, I., Staniec, M. F., Stankå«nas, P., Stan, Sion, Stead, C., Stefanikova, M. J., Stepanov, E., Stephen, I., Stephen, A. V., Stevens, M., Stevens, A., Strachan, B. D., Strand, J., Strauss, P., Strã¶m, H. R., Stubbs, P., Studholme, G., Subba, W., Summers, F., Svensson, H. P., Åšwiderski, J., Szabolics, Å. ., Szawlowski, T., Szepesi, M., Suzuki, G., Tã¡l, T. T., Tala, B., Talbot, T., Talebzadeh, A. R., Taliercio, S., Cesare, Tamain, Tame, P., Tang, C., Tardocchi, W., Taroni, M., Taylor, L., Taylor, D., Tegnered, K. A., Telesca, D., Teplova, G., Terranova, N., David, Testa, Tholerus, D., Thomas, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thompson, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. A., Thorne, V. K., Thornton, L., Thrysã¸e, A., Tigwell, A. S., Tipton, P. A., Tiseanu, N., Tojo, I., Tokitani, H., Tolias, M., Tomeå¡, P., Tonner, M., Towndrow, P., Trimble, M., Tripsky, P., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, M., Tskhakaya, Jun, Turner, D., Turner, I., Turnyanskiy, M. M., Tvalashvili, M., Tyrrell, G., Uccello, S. G. J., Abidin, Ul, Uljanovs, Z., Ulyatt, J., Urano, D., Uytdenhouwen, H., Vadgama, I., Valcarcel, A. P., Valentinuzzi, D., Valisa, M., Vallejos, Olivares, Valovic, P., Van De Mortel, Van, Eester, Van, Renterghem, Van, Rooij, Varje, G. J., Varoutis, J., Vartanian, S., Vasava, S., Vasilopoulou, K., Vega, T., Verdoolaege, J., Verhoeven, G., Verona, R., Verona, Rinati, Veshchev, G., Vianello, E., Vicente, N., Viezzer, J., Villari, E., Villone, S., Vincenzi, F., Pietro, Vinyar, Viola, I., Vitins, B., Vizvary, A., Vlad, Z., Voitsekhovitch, M., Vondrã¡äek, I., Vora, P., Vu, N., Pires De Sa, Wakeling, W. W., Waldon, B., Walkden, C. W. F., Walker, N., Walker, M., Walsh, R., Wang, M., Wang, E., Warder, N., Warren, S., Waterhouse, R. J., Watkins, J., Watts, N. W., Wauters, C., Weckmann, T., Weiland, A., Weisen, J., Weiszflog, H., Wellstood, M., West, C., Wheatley, A. T., Whetham, M. R., Whitehead, S., Whitehead, A. M., Widdowson, B. D., Wiesen, A. M., Wilkinson, S., Williams, J., Wilson, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wischmeier, J., Withenshaw, M., Withycombe, G., Witts, A., Wood, D. M., Wood, D., Woodley, R., Wray, C., Wright, S., Wright, J., J. C., Wu, Wukitch, J., Wynn, S., Xu, A., Yadikin, T., Yanling, D., Yao, W., Yavorskij, L., Yoo, V., Young, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Zacks, R., Zagorski, J., Zaitsev, R., Zanino, F. S., Zarins, R., Zastrow, A., Zerbini, K. D., Zhang, M., Zhou, W., Zilli, Y., Zoita, E., Zoletnik, V., Zychor, S., I, JET Contributors, Salewski, M, Nocente, M, Jacobsen, A, Binda, F, Cazzaniga, C, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, J, Gorini, G, Hellesen, C, Hjalmarsson, A, Kiptily, V, Koskela, T, Korsholm, S, Kurki Suonio, T, Leipold, F, Madsen, J, Moseev, D, Nielsen, S, Rasmussen, J, Schneider, M, Sharapov, S, Stejner, M, and Tardocchi, M

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, gamma-ray spectrometry, Neutron emission, Fluids & Plasmas, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, fast ion, γ-ray spectrometry, Neutron, Nuclear, Emission spectrum, fast ions, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, tokamak, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Jet (fluid), Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography, Gamma ray, Molecular, neutron emission spectrometry, velocity-space tomography, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Ion cyclotron resonance
Abstract

© 2017 Technical University of Denmark. We demonstrate the measurement of a 2D MeV-range ion velocity distribution function by velocity-space tomography at JET. Deuterium ions were accelerated into the MeV-range by third harmonic ion cyclotron resonance heating. We made measurements with three neutron emission spectrometers and a high-resolution γ-ray spectrometer detecting the γ-rays released in two reactions. The tomographic inversion based on these five spectra is in excellent agreement with numerical simulations with the ASCOT-RFOF and the SPOT-RFOF codes. The length of the measured fast-ion tail corroborates the prediction that very few particles are accelerated above 2 MeV due to the weak wave-particle interaction at higher energies.

Published
2017

9. Magnetic and Mossbauer investigation of the photomagnetic Prussian blue analogue Na(sub 0.32)Co[Fe(CN)(sub 6)](sub 0.74).3.4H(sub 2)O: Cooperative relaxation of the thermally quenched state

Author

Gawali-Salunke, S., Boukheddaden, K., Varret, F., Codjovi, E., Maurin, I., Tokoro, H., Enachescu, C., Ohkoshi, S., Malarova, M., and Hashimoto, K.

Subjects
Magnetic fields -- Research, Sodium compounds -- Chemical properties, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The relaxation of the metastable state of Na(sub 0.32)Co[Fe(CN)(sub 6)](sub 0.74).3.4H(sub 2)O at low temperature was investigated with the help of thermal quenching. A sizeable deviation from mean-field behavior was observed at the beginning of the relaxation process, which might be attributed too a preliminary structural relaxation of the quenched state.

Published
2005

10. Newscast Computing

Author

Jelasity, M., Kowalczyk, W.J., van Steen, M.R., Enachescu, C, Filip, FG, Iantovics, B, Artificial intelligence, Stochastics, Computer Science, Network Institute, and Distributed Computer Systems

Published
2012

14. Vascular system reconstruction from MR images using active appearance model.

Author

Szilagyi, S. M. and Enachescu, C.

Abstract

Vascular system recognition and spatial reconstruction using MR images consist an important element of modern health care. The developed reconstruction method successfully handles the intensity inhomogeneity or intensity non uniformity (INU), that is an undesired phenomenon during measurement and represents the main obstacle for MR image segmentation and registration methods. The segmentation is realized by a fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm together with the INU estimation. The proposed method determines the contours and using a medical knowledge base analysis determines the edges that are parts of the vascular system. Finally a spatial reconstruction is performed from the obtained data. Several MR databases were analyzed, and approximately a 98.5% recognition performance was obtained. The developed method can serve as excellent support for 3-D registration and visualization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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15. FPGA based embedded support for mobile robot sonar based navigation.

Author

Brassai, S. T., Enachescu, C., Losonczi, L., and Marton, L. F.

Abstract

In the paper the application of Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) systems for a mobile robot's interfacing is presented. For the robot's interfacing an embedded architecture is presented with a number of defined peripheral units with the possibility of simple extension with other modules. The mobile robot's sensorial signals can be remotely acquisitioned and monitored by using a pair of AT86RF212 single-chip RF transceiver. A designed ultrasonic distance measurement unit and its integration in the system are detailed. The ultrasound measurement module was interfaced from Simulink using the System Generator module of the XILINX ISE Design software. For the implementation of the system's model different techniques with corresponding design tools are discussed. The robot is considered to be used for testing different navigation algorithms specially used in visually impaired people's navigation. The robot localization with a Radial Basis Function based artificial neural network is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012

19. Authors' reply to discussion by M.D. Fort, R.M. Roberts and P.S. Domski

Author

Chakrabarty, C. and Enachescu, C.

Subjects
Water-storage -- Research, Boring -- Research, Drilling and boring -- Research, Earth sciences, Criticism and interpretation, Research
Abstract

(published in March-April 1998 issue, v. 36, no. 2: 198). The authors of the discussion raise three issues: 1. The uniqueness of the cylindrical source type curves with skin and [...]

Published
1998

22. Cluster evolution in spin crossover systems observed in the frame of a mechano-elastic model.

Author

Enachescu, C., Nishino, M., Miyashita, S., Hauser, A., Stancu, A., and Stoleriu, L.

Abstract

In this paper we study the cluster formation and evolution in spin crossover systems during the thermal transition in the frame of a mechano-elastic model applied to open boundary hexagonal lattices. The switching processes between the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) state are studied by a method combining a Monte Carlo standard procedure on the spin state and the lattice relaxation. In the present study, we adopt the transition probabilities of the spin state taking into account the energy gap between the two states, the degeneracy ratio and the local pressure determined by the elongations of the closest springs. It is found that clusters of molecules in the same state tend to grow starting from corners, as in available experimental data. Some qualitative differences between the processes of cluster formation for the two hysteresis branches, i.e., HS to LS and LS to HS are pointed out. Moreover, we have studied the dependence of cluster formation on the strength of the elastic interactions, and also on the system size. The size dependence of the ratio between the system size and the maximum cluster length is very weak, which indicates the appearance of macroscopic domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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27. Radiothérapie stéréotaxique extracrânienne : quelle machine pour quelle indication ? Stéréotaxie prostatique.

Author

Lapierre, A., Horn, S., Créhange, G., Enachescu, C., Latorzeff, I., Supiot, S., Sargos, P., Hennequin, C., and Chapet, O.

Abstract

Au cours de la dernière décennie, la radiothérapie en conditions stéréotaxiques s'est affirmée comme un des traitements des cancers de prostate localisés, avec une bonne efficacité et une toxicité modérée. Ce traitement peut être délivré par différentes machines de radiothérapie et, bien que de nombreuses études cliniques, prospectives et rétrospectives, aient été publiées, les différentes techniques de traitement n'ont jamais été directement comparées entre elles. Cet article a pour objectif de faire l'état des lieux sur les études publiées, et sur les comparaisons possibles entre les différentes machines, d'un point de vue clinique (efficacité et toxicité), technique et radiobiologique. For the last decade, stereotactic body radiotherapy has become a leading treatment for localized prostate cancer. It can be delivered using a wide array of radiotherapy machines. However, although numerous clinical studies, both prospective and retrospective, have been published, the different techniques have never been properly compared. This article aims at giving an overview of the published trials, and at pointing out the major differences between the machines, from a clinical (efficacy end toxicity), technical and radiobiological point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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28. Radiothérapie stéréotaxique prostatique en cinq fractions de 9 Gy avec préservation urétrale.

Author

Benhmida, S., Beneux, A., Udrescu, C., Horn, S., Enachescu, C., and Chapet, O.

Abstract

La dose standard de radiothérapie stéréotaxique prostatique de 5 × 7,25 Gy donne de faibles taux de toxicité rectale et urinaire. Zelefsky et al. ont montré que cette dose n'était pas optimale et nécessitait d'être augmentée. Selon Timmerman et al., 5 × 9 Gy peuvent être délivrés, au prix d'une hausse de la toxicité. Considérant que la toxicité rectale peut être prévenue par un spacer , la présente étude évalue la faisabilité d'une radiothérapie stéréotaxique de 5 × 9 Gy avec limitation de dose à l'urètre prostatique à 5 × 7,25 Gy. Les scanographies dosimétriques avec fusion de l'IRM de neuf patients ont été utilisées. Une marge de 5 mm (3 mm en arrière) définissait le volume cible prévisionnel prostatique. L'urètre a été délinéé sur l'IRM avec un volume prévisionnel d'organe à risque de 2 mm. La RCMI a été utilisée pour délivrer 5 × 9 Gy dans le volume cible prévisionnel, en limitant la dose dans le volume cible prévisionnel de l'urètre selon les contraintes suivantes : D99 % ≥ 34,4 Gy (D x % : dose dans x % du volume) et D5 % < 38,8 Gy (95 % et 107 % de 36,25 Gy). Les contraintes dans les organes à risque étaient : D50 % < 18,1 Gy, D20 % < 29 Gy et V36Gy ≤ 1 cm3 pour le rectum ; D40 % < 18,1 Gy et V37Gy < 10 cm3 pour la vessie ; D5 % < 14,5 Gy pour les têtes fémorales. Les résultats sont présentés sous forme de moyenne (écart-type). Les contraintes de dose dans le volume cible prévisionnel de l'urètre ont été respectées pour les neuf patients : D99 % = 35,2 Gy (34,6–35,8 Gy) et D5 % = 38,7 Gy (38,6–38,8 Gy). La couverture du volume cible prévisionnel moins l'urètre était : D95 % = 40,7 Gy (40,5–41,1 Gy), D5 % = 46,6 Gy (46,2–47,2 Gy) et la dose moyenne = 44,6 Gy (44,4–44,9 Gy). Les doses dans le volume cible prévisionnel étaient : D98 % = 36,3 Gy (35,6–36,8 Gy), D2 % = 46,9 Gy (46,5–47,5 Gy) et la dose moyenne = 44,1 Gy (43,9–44,3 Gy). Toutes les contraintes dans les organes à risque étaient remplies, sauf V36 Gy inférieur à 1 cm3 pour le rectum. Une escalade de dose en radiothérapie stéréotaxique de 45 Gy sur la prostate avec limitation de dose à l'urètre à 36,25 Gy est faisable. Le non-respect des contraintes rectales se limite à la dose maximale. L'utilisation d'injection d'acide hyaluronique paraît donc intéressante. Une analyse complémentaire est en cours afin d'évaluer les doses reçues par les lésions tumorales visibles sur l'IRM. Les données seront disponibles à la date du congrès. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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30. Size and Surface Effects in the Ultrafast Dynamics of Strongly Cooperative Spin-Crossover Nanoparticles.

Author

Haddock TN, Delgado T, Alías-Rodríguez M, de de Graaf C, Enachescu C, and van der Veen RM

Abstract

Cooperative photoinduced switching of molecular materials at the nanoscale is still in its infancy. Strongly cooperative spin-crossover nanomaterials are arguably the best prototypes of photomagnetic and volume-changing materials that can be manipulated by short pulses of light. Open questions remain regarding their non-equilibrium dynamics upon light excitation and the role of cooperative elastic interactions in nanoscale systems that are characterized by large surface/volume ratios. Femtosecond-resolved broadband spectroscopy is performed on nanorods of the strongly cooperative Fe-triazole, which undergoes a reversible low-spin to high-spin (HS) phase transition ≈360 K. Supported by density functional theory and mechano-elastic Monte Carlo simulations, a marked difference is observed in the photoswitching dynamics at the surface of the nanoparticles compared with the core. Surprisingly, under low excitation (<2%) conditions, there occurs a transient increase in the HS population at the surface on the picosecond time scale, while the HS population in the core decays concomitantly. These results shed light onto the importance of surface properties and dynamical size limits of nanoscale photoresponsive nanomaterials that can be used in a broad range of applications., (© 2024 The Author(s). Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Published
2024
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31. Combined Experimental and Mechanoelastic Modeling Studies on the Low-Spin Stabilized Mixed Crystals of 3D Oxalate-Based Coordination Materials.

Author

Dutta M, Bisht S, Ghosh P, Chilug AI, Mann D, Enachescu C, Shatruk M, and Chakraborty P

Abstract

Structural studies involving single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis have been performed on dehydrated coordination networks of the [Ni x Co 1- x (bpy) 3 ][LiCr(ox) 3 ] series, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). The high-symmetry cubic 3D structure of these materials is formed by oxalate anions bridging alternating Cr 3+ and Li + ions into an anionic framework, which contains large cavities that incorporate the [Ni x Co 1- x (bpy) 3 ] 2+ cations. Irrespective of the Co/Ni ratio, all of the mixed samples are phase-pure and retain the high-symmetry cubic structure, with the lattice parameters gradually decreasing upon increasing Ni(II) concentration. The influence of the Ni(II) dilution on the magnetic behavior of these materials is substantial. For pure [Co(bpy) 3 ][LiCr(ox) 3 ], a gradual but incomplete thermal spin-crossover is evident due to the effect of the chemical pressure applied by the [LiCr(ox) 3 ] 2- framework, which stabilizes the low-spin (LS) 2 E state relative to the high-spin (HS) 4 T 1 state of the Co(II) ion. Upon increasing the Ni(II) content, the spin-crossover becomes even more gradual and incomplete and eventually is not observed for pure [Ni(bpy) 3 ][LiCr(ox) 3 ]. The average spin-crossover temperature increases with the increasing Ni(II) content, suggesting a higher degree of chemical pressure applied by the oxalate framework manifested by changing the Δ E 0 HL toward positive values. The magnetic behavior of all these framework materials has been explained by the mechanoelastic model, considering different radii for Co and Ni molecules and different interactions between Co-Co sites and Co-Ni sites. The model reproduced the incomplete transition, with the HS residual fraction at 300 K decreasing with increasing Ni concentration, and provided microscopic snapshots of the systems, showing how the existence of impurities prevented the spreading of Co atoms in the HS state.

Published
2023
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32. Laser-Driven Transient Phase Oscillations in Individual Spin Crossover Particles.

Author

Hu Y, Picher M, Palluel M, Daro N, Freysz E, Stoleriu L, Enachescu C, Chastanet G, and Banhart F

Abstract

An unusual expansion dynamics of individual spin crossover nanoparticles is studied by ultrafast transmission electron microscopy. After exposure to nanosecond laser pulses, the particles exhibit considerable length oscillations during and after their expansion. The vibration period of 50-100 ns is of the same order of magnitude as the time that the particles need for a transition from the low-spin to the high-spin state. The observations are explained in Monte Carlo calculations using a model where elastic and thermal coupling between the molecules within a crystalline spin crossover particle govern the phase transition between the two spin states. The experimentally observed length oscillations are in agreement with the calculations, and it is shown that the system undergoes repeated transitions between the two spin states until relaxation in the high-spin state occurs due to energy dissipation. Spin crossover particles are therefore a unique system where a resonant transition between two phases occurs in a phase transformation of first order., (© 2023 The Authors. Small published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Published
2023
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33. Interface versus Bulk Light-Induced Switching in Spin-Crossover Molecular Ultrathin Films Adsorbed on a Metallic Surface.

Author

Kelai M, Tauzin A, Railean A, Repain V, Lagoute J, Girard Y, Rousset S, Otero E, Mallah T, Boillot ML, Enachescu C, and Bellec A

Abstract

Spin-crossover molecules present the unique property of having two spin states that can be controlled by light excitation at low temperature. Here, we report on the photoexcitation of [Fe II ((3, 5-(CH 3 ) 2 Pz) 3 BH) 2 ] (Pz = pyrazolyl) ultrathin films, with thicknesses ranging from 0.9 to 5.3 monolayers, adsorbed on Cu(111) substrate. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, we confirm the anomalous light-induced spin-state switching observed for sub-monolayer coverage and demonstrate that it is confined to the first molecular layer in contact with the metallic substrate. For higher coverages, the well-known light-induced excited spin-state trapping effect is recovered. Combining continuous light excitation with thermal cycling, we demonstrate that at low temperature light-induced thermal hysteresis is measured for the thicker films, while for sub-monolayer coverage, the light enables extension of the thermal conversion over a large temperature range. Mechanoelastic simulations underline that, due to the intermolecular interactions, opposite behaviors are observed in the different layers composing the films.

Published
2023
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34. Optical microscopy imaging of the thermally-induced spin transition and isothermal multi-stepped relaxation in a low-spin stabilized spin-crossover material.

Author

Chakraborty P, Sy M, Fourati H, Delgado T, Dutta M, Das C, Besnard C, Hauser A, Enachescu C, and Boukheddaden K

Abstract

The thermal spin transition and the photo-induced high-spin → low-spin relaxation of the prototypical [Fe(ptz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 spin-crossover compound (ptz = 1-propyltetrazole) diluted in the isostructural ruthenium host lattice [Ru(ptz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 , which stabilizes the Fe(II) low-spin state, have been investigated. We demonstrate the presence of a crystallographic phase transition around 145 K ( i.e. from the high-temperature ordered high-spin phase to a low-temperature disordered low-spin phase) upon slow cooling from room temperature. This crystallographic phase transition is decoupled from the thermal spin transition. A supercooled ordered low-spin phase is observed as in the pure Fe(II) analogue upon fast cooling. A similar order-disorder phase transition is also observed for pure [Ru(ptz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 but at relatively higher temperature ( i.e. at around 150 K) without involving any spin transition. For Ru-diluted [Fe(ptz) 6 ] 2+ , the crystallographic phase transition as well as strong cooperative effects involving various degrees of elastic frustration are at the origin of stepped sigmoidal high-spin → low-spin relaxation curves, which are modelled in the framework of a classical mean field model, considering both the tunnelling and thermally activated regimes. Optical microscopy studies performed on two different single crystals showed the existence of hysteretic thermal transitions with slight domain formation, hardly visible in the static crystal images. This behavior is attributed to the double effect upon Ru dilution, which decreases the cooperative character of the transition and simultaneously reduces the optical contrast between the LS and HS states. Moreover, the transition temperature revealed to be slightly crystal dependent, highlighting the crucial role of the spatial distribution of Ru from one crystal to another, in addition to the well-known effects of crystal shape and size.

Published
2022
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35. Photo-Thermal Switching of Individual Plasmonically Activated Spin Crossover Nanoparticle Imaged by Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Author

Hu Y, Picher M, Tran NM, Palluel M, Stoleriu L, Daro N, Mornet S, Enachescu C, Freysz E, Banhart F, and Chastanet G

Abstract

Spin crossover (SCO) is a promising switching phenomenon when implemented in electronic devices as molecules, thin films or nanoparticles. Among the properties modulated along this phenomenon, optically induced mechanical changes are of tremendous importance as they can work as fast light-induced mechanical switches or allow to investigate and control microstructural strains and fatigability. The development of characterization techniques probing nanoscopic behavior with high spatio-temporal resolution allows to trigger and visualize such mechanical changes of individual nanoscopic objects. Here, ultrafast transmission electron microscopy (UTEM) is used to precisely probe the length changes of individual switchable nanoparticles induced thermally by nanosecond laser pulses. This allows revealing of the mechanisms of spin switching, leading to the macroscopic expansion of SCO materials. This study is conducted on individual pure SCO nanoparticles and SCO nanoparticles encapsulating gold nanorods that serve for plasmonic heating under laser pulses. Length changes are compared with time-resolved optical measurements performed on an assembly of these particles., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Published
2021
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36. Voltage-Induced Bistability of Single Spin-Crossover Molecules in a Two-Dimensional Monolayer.

Author

Tong Y, Kelaï M, Bairagi K, Repain V, Lagoute J, Girard Y, Rousset S, Boillot ML, Mallah T, Enachescu C, and Bellec A

Abstract

Bistable spin-crossover molecules are particularly interesting for the development of innovative electronic and spintronic devices as they present two spin states that can be controlled by external stimuli. In this paper, we report the voltage-induced switching of the high spin/low spin electronic states of spin-crossover molecules self-assembled in dense 2D networks on Au(111) and Cu(111) by scanning tunneling microscopy at low temperature. On Au(111), voltage pulses lead to the nonlocal switching of the molecules from any─high or low─spin state to the other followed by a spontaneous relaxation toward their initial state within minutes. On the other hand, on Cu(111), single molecules can be addressed at will. They retain their new electronic configuration after a voltage pulse. The memory effect demonstrated on Cu(111) is due to an interplay between long-range intermolecular interaction and molecule/substrate coupling as confirmed by mechanoelastic simulations.

Published
2021
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37. Dosimetric feasibility of stereotactic irradiation of primary prostate cancer at 5x9 Gy with a method of urethral sparing.

Author

Benhmida S, Beneux A, Udrescu C, Rouviere O, Horn S, Enachescu C, Lapierre A, and Chapet O

Subjects
Feasibility Studies, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Male, Prostate diagnostic imaging, Prostatic Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Radiotherapy Dosage, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Organ Sparing Treatments methods, Prostatic Neoplasms radiotherapy, Radiosurgery methods, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted methods, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated methods, Urethra diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Objective: The most commonly used dose for prostate cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is 5 × 7.25 Gy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric feasibility of a 5 × 9 Gy SBRT regimen while still limiting the dose to the urethra to 5 × 7.25 Gy. This dosimetric study is part of the groundwork for a future Phase III randomized trial., Methods: The prostate, the urethra and the tumors were delineated on 20 dosimetric CT-scans with MRI-registration. The planning target volume (PTVp) was defined as a 5 mm expansion (3 mm posteriorly) of the prostate. The planning at risk volume (PRVu) was defined as a 2 mm expansion of the urethra. The tumors were delineated on the MRI (GTVt) and a 3 mm-margin was added to create a tumoral planning target volume (PTVt). IMRT plans were optimized to deliver 5 × 9 Gy to the PTVp, limiting the dose to the PRVu to 5 × 7.25 Gy. Results are presented using average (range) values., Results: PTVp doses were D98% = 36.2 Gy (35.6-36.8), D2% = 46.9 Gy (46.5-47.5) and mean dose = 44.1 Gy (43.8-44.5). The dose to the PRVu was within tolerance limits for all 20 patients: V34.4Gy = 99.8% (99.2-100) and D5% = 38.7 Gy (38.6-38.8). Dose coverage of PTV-PRVu was D95% = 40.6 Gy (40.5-40.9), D5% = 46.6 Gy (46.2-47.2) and mean dose = 44.6 Gy (44.3-44.9). Dose to the PTVt reached 44.6 Gy (41.2-45.9). Doses to the OAR were respected, except V36Gy ≤1 cc for the rectum., Conclusion: A SBRT dose-escalation to 5 × 9 Gy on the prostate while sparing the urethra + 2 mm at 36.25 Gy is feasible without compromising dose coverage to the tumor. This radiation regimen will be used for a Phase-III trial., Advances in Knowledge: In prostate SBRT, dose optimization on the urethra is feasible and could decrease urinary toxicities.

Published
2021
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38. Prostate hypofractionated radiotherapy (62Gy at 3.1Gy per fraction) with injection of hyaluronic acid: final results of the RPAH1 study.

Author

Chapet O, Udrescu C, Bin S, Decullier E, Fenoglietto P, Beneux A, Segui B, Enachescu C, Gaudioz S, Ruffion A, and Azria D

Subjects
Aged, Gastrointestinal Diseases epidemiology, Gastrointestinal Diseases etiology, Humans, Injections, Male, Middle Aged, Radiation Injuries complications, Radiation Injuries epidemiology, Radiotherapy Dosage, Time Factors, Gastrointestinal Diseases prevention & control, Hyaluronic Acid administration & dosage, Prostatic Neoplasms radiotherapy, Radiation Dose Hypofractionation, Radiation Injuries prevention & control
Abstract

Objectives: The present multicenter Phase II study evaluated the rate of late grade ≥2 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities at 3 years, after hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFR) of prostate cancer with injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) between the prostate and the rectum., Methods: Between 2010 and 2013, 36 patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer were treated by HFR/IMRT-IGRT. 20 fractions of 3.1 Gy were delivered, 5 days per week for a total dose of 62 Gy. A transperineal injection of 10cc of HA was performed between the rectum and the prostate. Late toxicities were evaluated between 3 and 36 months after the end of treatment (CTCAE v4)., Results: Median pretreatment prostate-specific antigen was 8 ng ml -1 . Among the 36 included patients, 2 were not evaluated because they withdrew the study in the first 3 months of follow-up, and 4 withdrew between 3 and 36 months, the per protocol population was therefore composed.Late grade ≥2 GI toxicities occurred in 4 (12%) patients with 3 (9%) Grade 2 rectal bleedings and one diarrhoea. Therefore, the inefficacy hypothesis following Fleming one-stage design cannot be rejected. None of the patients experienced late Grade 3-4 toxicities. Among the 30 patients completing the 36 months' visit, none still had a grade ≥2 GI toxicity. Late grade ≥2 genitourinary (GU) toxicities occurred in 14 (41%) patients. The most frequent toxicities were dysuria and pollakiuria. Four patients still experienced a grade ≥2 GU toxicity at 36 months.The biochemical relapse rate (nadir +2 ng ml -1 ) was 6% (2 patients). Overall, HA was very well tolerated with no pain or discomfort., Conclusion: Despite the inefficacy of HA injection was not rejected, we observed the absence of Grade 3 or 4 rectal toxicity as well as a rate of Grade 2 rectal bleeding below 10% at 36 months of follow-up. Late urinary toxicities are the most frequent but the rate decreases largely at 3 years., Advances in Knowledge: With an injection of HA, hypofractionated irradiation in 4 weeks is well tolerated with no Grade 3 or 4 GI toxicity and a rate of Grade 2 rectal bleeding below 10% at 36 months of follow-up.

Published
2021
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39. Thermal Bistability of an Ultrathin Film of Iron(II) Spin-Crossover Molecules Directly Adsorbed on a Metal Surface.

Author

Kelai M, Repain V, Tauzin A, Li W, Girard Y, Lagoute J, Rousset S, Otero E, Sainctavit P, Arrio MA, Boillot ML, Mallah T, Enachescu C, and Bellec A

Abstract

Spin-crossover molecules are very attractive compounds to realize multifunctional spintronic devices. Understanding their properties when deposited on metals is therefore crucial for their future rational implementation as ultrathin films in such devices. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we study the thermal transition of the spin-crossover compound Fe II ((3,5-(CH 3 ) 2 Pz) 3 BH) 2 from submonolayer to multilayers on a Cu(111) substrate. We determine how the residual fraction of high spin molecules at low temperature, as well as the bistability range and the temperature of switching, depends on the layer thickness. The most spectacular effect is the clear opening of a 35 ± 9 K thermal hysteresis loop for a 3.0 ± 0.7 monolayers thick film. To better understand the role played by the substrate and the dimensionality on the thermal bistability, we have performed Monte Carlo Arrhenius simulations in the framework of a mechanoelastic model that include a molecule-substrate interaction. This model reproduces well the main features observed experimentally and can predict how the spin-crossover transition is modified by the thickness and the substrate interaction.

Published
2021
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40. Current status and treatment modalities in metastases to the pituitary: a systematic review.

Author

Ng S, Fomekong F, Delabar V, Jacquesson T, Enachescu C, Raverot G, Manet R, and Jouanneau E

Subjects
Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Neoplasms pathology, Pituitary Neoplasms secondary, Prognosis, Neoplasms therapy, Pituitary Neoplasms therapy, Practice Patterns, Physicians' standards
Abstract

Background: Metastases to the pituitary (MP) are uncommon, accounting for 0.4% of intracranial metastases. Through advances in neuroimaging and oncological therapies, patients with metastatic cancers are living longer and MP may be more frequent. This review aimed to investigate clinical and oncological features, treatment modalities and their effect on survival., Methods: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA recommendations. All cases of MP were included, excepted primary pituitary neoplasms and autopsy reports. Descriptive and survival analyses were then conducted., Results: The search identified 2143 records, of which 157 were included. A total of 657 cases of MP were reported, including 334 females (50.8%). The mean ± standard deviation age was 59.1 ± 11.9 years. Lung cancer was the most frequent primary site (31.0%), followed by breast (26.2%) and kidney cancers (8.1%). Median survival from MP diagnosis was 14 months. Overall survival was significantly different between lung, breast and kidney cancers (P < .0001). Survival was impacted by radiotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.67; P < .0001) and chemotherapy (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.36-0.92; P = .013) but not by surgery. Stereotactic radiotherapy tended to improve survival over conventional radiotherapy (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.39-1.12; P = .065). Patients from recent studies (≥ 2010) had longer survival than others (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05-1.76; P = .0019)., Conclusion: This systematic review based on 657 cases helped to better identify clinical features, oncological characteristics and the effect of current therapies in patients with MP. Survival patterns were conditioned upon primary cancer histologies, the use of local radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, but not by surgery.

Published
2020
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41. Is Gross Total Resection Reasonable in Adults with Craniopharyngiomas with Hypothalamic Involvement?

Author

Apra C, Enachescu C, Lapras V, Raverot G, and Jouanneau E

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuroendoscopy methods, Neuronavigation methods, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Craniopharyngioma pathology, Craniopharyngioma surgery, Hypothalamus pathology, Hypothalamus surgery, Pituitary Neoplasms pathology, Pituitary Neoplasms surgery
Abstract

Objective: The treatment of hypothalamus-invading craniopharyngiomas, based on pediatric experience, is subtotal resection (STR) with radiotherapy. This strategy sometimes leads to uncontrollable tumor progression. In adults, with the use of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES), does removing the hypothalamic part of the tumor-whenever possible-compromise the outcome of the patients?, Methods: We included adults with craniopharyngioma treated by a first EES in 2008-2016 by senior neurosurgeon (E.J.). Endocrine, ophthalmologic, and hypothalamic data were retrospectively collected, including body mass index (BMI), cognitive and social status, with a systematic follow-up interview. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were graded according to Puget classification: 0, no hypothalamic involvement; 1, hypothalamic displacement; and 2, hypothalamic involvement. Grade 2 tumors were separated into gross total resection (GTR) or STR., Results: We included 22 patients aged 18-79 years. Presenting symptoms were visual (14, 64%), endocrine dysfunction (10, 45%), BMI >30 (8, 36%), and cognitive/psychiatric impairment (9, 41%). Fourteen (64%) were grade 2 craniopharyngiomas. GTR was performed in 14 (64%) patients. Postoperatively, 12/14 (86%) cases improved visually, and 20 (91%) needed hormone replacement therapy. There was no difference in BMI evolution in the GTR versus STR group, cognitive status was stable or improved in all patients except 1; 4/8 patients with STR experienced progression needing adjuvant treatment versus no patient with GTR., Conclusions: EES GTR of grade 2 craniopharyngiomas does not cause major hypothalamic worsening, in contrast with children operated by cranial approaches. The surgeon's experience is key in deciding when to stop the dissection. Offering GTR whenever possible aims at avoiding tumor progression and radiotherapy., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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42. Importance of Epitaxial Strain at a Spin-Crossover Molecule-Metal Interface.

Author

Fourmental C, Mondal S, Banerjee R, Bellec A, Garreau Y, Coati A, Chacon C, Girard Y, Lagoute J, Rousset S, Boillot ML, Mallah T, Enachescu C, Barreteau C, Dappe YJ, Smogunov A, Narasimhan S, and Repain V

Abstract

Spin-crossover molecules are very appealing for use in multifunctional spintronic devices because of their ability to switch between high-spin and low-spin states with external stimuli such as voltage and light. In actual devices, the molecules are deposited on a substrate, which can modify their properties. However, surprisingly little is known about such molecule-substrate effects. Here we show for the first time, by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, that an Fe II spin-crossover molecular layer displays a well-defined epitaxial relationship with a metal substrate. Then we show, by both density functional calculations and a mechanoelastic model, that the resulting epitaxial strain and the related internal pressure can induce a partial spin conversion at low temperatures, which has indeed been observed experimentally. Our results emphasize the importance of substrate-induced spin state transitions and raise the possibility of exploiting them.

Published
2019
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43. Temperature dependence of the cooperative out-of-equilibrium elastic switching in a spin-crossover material.

Author

Bertoni R, Collet E, Cailleau H, Boillot ML, Tissot A, Laisney J, Enachescu C, and Lorenc M

Abstract

We present a study of a molecular material, [Feiii(3-MeO-SalEen)2]PF6, undergoing cooperative reversible photo-induced transition between low-spin state and high-spin state. By using temporally multiscale pump-probe laser spectroscopy, we explore the key parameters that influence the low-spin to high-spin conversion efficiency through long range elastic intermolecular interactions during the so-called elastic step, where crystalline volume expansion takes place. We rationalize our findings using Monte Carlo simulations, and a mechano-elastic model. The experimental results and the simulations support the existence of a fast mechanism by which molecules cooperatively switch through coupling to the lattice strain. The efficiency of the coupling process is shown to depend on several parameters including the initial thermal population and the instantaneous photo-induced population among others. Far below the crossover temperature, the elastic self-amplification occurs above a threshold photo-excitation. On approaching the thermal crossover, the threshold disappears and the photo-elastic conversion increases.

Published
2019
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44. The influence of the sample dispersion on a solid surface in the thermal spin transition of [Fe(pz)Pt(CN) 4 ] nanoparticles.

Author

Delgado T, Enachescu C, Tissot A, Guénée L, Hauser A, and Besnard C

Abstract

The thermal spin transition of [Fe(pz)Pt(CN)4], pz = pyrazine, nanoparticles is compared with the one of the microcrystalline powder by magnetic susceptibility measurements, absorption spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) using synchrotron radiation. The thermal transition shows less cooperativity when decreasing the size due to the reduction of cluster formation. Surprisingly, the dispersion of the nanoparticles on a surface entails important effects on the spin crossover properties of the system. These effects are simulated and explained within the framework of the mechanoelastic model.

Published
2018
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45. Prospective evaluation of a specific technique of sexual function preservation in external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Author

Samlali H, Udrescu C, Lapierre A, Enachescu C, Ruffion A, Jalade P, and Chapet O

Subjects
Aged, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Radiotherapy methods, Erectile Dysfunction prevention & control, Prostatic Neoplasms radiotherapy
Abstract

Objective: Sexual preservation is an important issue in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. A technique of irradiation was developed to better preserve this function and has been evaluated., Methods: Eleven patients, with no erectile dysfunction (ED), were treated with daily IMRT-IGRT (total dose: 76-78 Gy). The pudendal arteries, penile bulb and cavernous body were delineated on the planning CT scan. The doses to these structures (with a 5 mm margin) were optimized to be as low as possible. The erectile function was documented using IIEF-5 scores at baseline, 6 months, 1 and 2 years. No ED was defined by an IIEF5 ≥ 20/25, a mild ED by an IIEF5 score of 17-19 and an important ED by a score <17., Results: The mean age was 68.4 years. At the median follow-up of 36 months, there was no biochemical relapse. Before RT, the mean IIEF5 score in all 11 patients was 23.4 (range, 20-25). At 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after RT, the mean IIEF scores were 21.2 (14-25), 21.3 (14-25), 21.8 (16-25) and 21.8 (16-25), respectively. At 2 years, 8 patients (72.7%) had no ED and 2 patients (18.2%) experienced a mild ED. The only patient with an important ED had a medical treatment and recovered a satisfactory IIEF score from 16 to 24., Conclusion: The results of this technique of optimisation for sexual preservation are encouraging. Despite a mean age close to 70 years at the time of treatment, 90.9% of the patients had no to mild ED at 2 years. This rate increases at 100% with medical treatment. Advances in knowledge: Dose optimization on sexual organs is possible and could decrease the ED rates.

Published
2017
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46. Transrectal implantation and stability of gold markers in prostate bed for salvage radiotherapy of macroscopic recurrences.

Author

Shakir SI, Udrescu C, Enachescu C, Rouviere O, Arion S, Caraivan I, and Chapet O

Subjects
Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Recurrence, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Fiducial Markers, Gold, Prostatic Neoplasms radiotherapy, Prostheses and Implants, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated standards, Rectum, Salvage Therapy standards
Abstract

Background and Purpose: The objective of the study was to verify the stability of gold markers in the prostatic bed (PB) during salvage radiotherapy., Material and Methods: Seven patients, diagnosed with a macroscopic nodule visible on MRI, underwent targeted MRI-guided biopsies. Three gold markers were implanted into the PB close to the relapsing nodule for CT/MRI fusion. A dose of 60Gy was delivered using IMRT to the PB followed by a dose escalation up to 72Gy to the macroscopic nodule. Daily anterior and left-lateral kV-images were acquired for repositioning. The coordinates of the center of each marker were measured on the two kV-images. The distance variations (Dvar) of the markers in the first session and the subsequent ones were compared., Results: No marker was lost during treatment. The average distance between markers was 7.8mm. The average Dvar was 0.8mm, in absolute value. A total of 380/528 (72%) Dvar were ⩽1mm. A Dvar greater than 2mm was observed in 5.7% of measurements, with a maximum value of 4.8mm., Conclusions: Despite the absence of the prostate, the implantation of gold markers in the PB remains feasible, with Dvar often less than 2mm, and could be used to develop new approaches of salvage focal radiotherapy on the macroscopic relapse after prostatectomy., (Copyright © 2016 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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47. Study of switching in spin transition compounds within the mechanoelastic model with realistic parameters.

Author

Enachescu C and Hauser A

Abstract

Here we reproduce the static and dynamical properties of spin-crossover complexes in the framework of the mechanoelastic model applied to triangular lattices. The switching processes between the high-spin and low-spin states are studied by combining the Monte Carlo method with the elastic lattice relaxation. The transition probabilities between the two states take into account intrinsic parameters, the values of which are approximated from experimental quantities (e.g., the energy gap, and the degeneracy ratio from the thermodynamic enthalpy and the entropy difference between the states), and the elastic force or elastic energy stored in the springs connecting the spin-changing centres. The value of the corresponding spring constant is estimated from the experimentally determined variation of the ligand-field strengths in the two spin states due to the cooperativity and the bulk modulus. Both simulated hysteresis loops and relaxation curves are in agreement with experimental data. Cooperativity related phenomena such as like-spin domain formation and the evolution of the interaction distribution with the HS fraction are also analysed.

Published
2016
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48. Elastically driven cooperative response of a molecular material impacted by a laser pulse.

Author

Bertoni R, Lorenc M, Cailleau H, Tissot A, Laisney J, Boillot ML, Stoleriu L, Stancu A, Enachescu C, and Collet E

Abstract

Photoinduced phase transformations occur when a laser pulse impacts a material, thereby transforming its electronic and/or structural orders, consequently affecting the functionalities. The transient nature of photoinduced states has thus far severely limited the scope of applications. It is of paramount importance to explore whether structural feedback during the solid deformation has the capacity to amplify and stabilize photoinduced transformations. Contrary to coherent optical phonons, which have long been under scrutiny, coherently propagating cell deformations over acoustic timescales have not been explored to a similar degree, particularly with respect to cooperative elastic interactions. Herein we demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, a self-amplified responsiveness in a spin-crossover material during its delayed volume expansion. The cooperative response at the material scale prevails above a threshold excitation, significantly extending the lifetime of photoinduced states. Such elastically driven cooperativity triggered by a light pulse offers an efficient route towards the generation and stabilization of photoinduced phases in many volume-changing materials.

Published
2016
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49. Prostate hypofractionated radiation therapy with injection of hyaluronic acid: acute toxicities in a phase 2 study.

Author

Chapet O, Decullier E, Bin S, Faix A, Ruffion A, Jalade P, Fenoglietto P, Udrescu C, Enachescu C, and Azria D

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dose Fractionation, Radiation, Fiducial Markers, Gastrointestinal Tract radiation effects, Humans, Hyaluronic Acid adverse effects, Injections adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement methods, Prostate pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Radiotherapy, Image-Guided, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated adverse effects, Urination Disorders etiology, Urogenital System radiation effects, Viscosupplements adverse effects, Adenocarcinoma radiotherapy, Hyaluronic Acid administration & dosage, Prostate radiation effects, Prostatic Neoplasms radiotherapy, Radiation Injuries prevention & control, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated methods, Rectum radiation effects, Viscosupplements administration & dosage
Abstract

Purpose: Hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT) in prostate cancer can be developed only if the risk of rectal toxicity is controlled. In a multicenter phase 2 trial, hypofractionated irradiation was combined with an injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) to preserve the rectal wall. Tolerance of the injection and acute toxicity rates are reported., Methods and Materials: The study was designed to assess late grade 2 toxicity rates. The results described here correspond to the secondary objectives. Acute toxicity was defined as occurring during RT or within 3 months after RT and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. HA tolerance was evaluated with a visual analog scale during the injection and 30 minutes after injection and then by use of the Common Terminology Criteria at each visit., Results: From 2010 to 2012, 36 patients with low-risk to intermediate-risk prostate cancer were included. The HA injection induced a mean pain score of 4.6/10 ± 2.3. Thirty minutes after the injection, 2 patients still reported pain (2/10 and 3/10), which persisted after the intervention. Thirty-three patients experienced at least 1 acute genitourinary toxicity and 20 patients at least 1 acute gastrointestinal toxicity. Grade 2 toxicities were reported for 19 patients with urinary obstruction, frequency, or both and for 1 patient with proctitis. No grade 3 or 4 toxicities were reported. At the 3-month visit, 4 patients described grade 2 obstruction or frequency, and no patients had any grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicities., Conclusions: The injection of HA makes it possible to deliver hypofractionated irradiation over 4 weeks with a dose per fraction of > 3 Gy, with limited acute rectal toxicity., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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50. Light-induced spin-state switching in the mixed crystal series of the 2D coordination network {[Zn1-xFex(bbtr)3](BF4)2}∞: optical spectroscopy and cooperative effects.

Author

Chakraborty P, Enachescu C, Humair A, Egger L, Delgado T, Tissot A, Guénée L, Besnard C, Bronisz R, and Hauser A

Abstract

Depending on the iron(ii) concentration, the mixed crystals of {[Zn1-xFex(bbtr)3](BF4)2}∞, bbtr = 1,4-di(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)butane, 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 1, show macroscopic light-induced bistability between the high-spin and the low-spin state. In the highly diluted system with x = 0.01 and up to x = 0.31, the photoinduced low-spin state always relaxes back to the high-spin state independent of the initial light-induced low-spin fraction. In the highly concentrated mixed crystals with x = 0.67, 0.87 and 1, the strong cooperative effects coupled to a crystallographic phase transition result in light-induced bistability with decreasing critical light-induced low-spin fraction and increasing hysteresis width for increasing iron(ii) concentrations. The lower limit for the light-induced bistability was estimated to be x ≈ 0.5.

Published
2014
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