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Background & Aims: Biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy is associated with good prognosis in people living with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Biochemical response is typically assessed early in disease and it is not known what proportion of patients lose previously attained biochemical response, nor whether this impacts long-term liver transplant (LT)-free survival. Methods: We identified all UDCA-treated patients with PBC from the Canadian Network for Autoimmune Liver disease with biochemical measurements at 1 year, and evaluated their liver biochemistry over time. Inadequate biochemical response was defined as serum alkaline phosphatase ≥1.67x the upper limit of normal or abnormal serum total bilirubin at 1 year of UDCA therapy and all time points thereafter. Multistate Markov models were used to estimate transition rates between biochemical response states and from each state to LT or death. Results were validated in an external cohort (GLOBAL PBC registry). Results: A total of 823 patients from eight centers were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 53 years, 91% were female, 33% had inadequate biochemical response to UDCA at 1 year (n = 269). Patients who retained initial adequate response had lower rates of LT or death compared to patients who subsequently lost response (relative rate 0.102, 95% CI 0.047-0.223). Patients who regained adequate response had lower rates than patients who did not (0.016, 95% CI 0.001-0.568), and patients who lost response once more (0.010, 95% CI 0.001-0.340). Patients who regained adequate response for a third time also had lower rates than patients who did not (0.151, 95% CI 0.040-0.566). Analyses in the GLOBAL PBC registry (n = 2,237) validated these results. Conclusion: Loss of biochemical response at any time is associated with heightened risks of LT or death in people living with PBC. Achievement of biochemical response is an important goal throughout follow-up, regardless of biochemical response profile early in therapy. Impact and implications:: Early biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid is associated with good prognosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Our work demonstrates that patients with PBC transition between biochemical response states over time, and that these transitions correspond with changes in risk of liver transplantation or death. Clinicians should re-evaluate risk and optimize treatment decisions for patients with PBC throughout follow-up, regardless of early biochemical response to therapy.

Background: Weight loss response to sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is variable and predicting the effectiveness of surgery is challenging and elusive. The aim of our study was to assess and quantify the association between eating control and weight loss outcomes and identify the control of eating (CoE) attributes during the early postoperative period that might predict good vs. poor response to SG at one year. Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study using the Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) was designed as a series before and at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-SG. Primary outcomes were changes in CoE attributes and percent of total weight loss (%TWL) 12-months post-surgery. Subjects were categorized based on %TWL as good (GR, ≥25 %) or poor responders (PR,

Background: Pandemic Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-COV2. COVID-19 has become a world pandemic that poses various risks throughout the world such as an increase in the number of patients and the risk of disease development in the world health system, especially nursing. The WHO reports that technology has a growing role in education and good work practice. Telenursing is well defined as the application of telecommunications and information technology to provide remote nursing practice. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the process of establishing a telenursing service for COVID-19. Methods: Three databases—PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate—were used to find research publications. English-language keywords included in the literature search are telenursing OR tele-nursing and Covid-19, with the inclusion of works from 2019 to 2021. Results: Five studies that matched the inclusion criteria and the goals of this literature review were examined from a total of 936 research articles. Following the critical evaluation of five articles, a simplified thematic analysis was performed. This research review's main finding was that non-contact counseling services, instruction, and nursing care are important. Conclusion: Application of the telenursing program improved information technology and enabled the delivery of nursing care remotely. As an additional treatment option for patients with COVID-19, other remote self-care instruction techniques may be applied.

Background: Knowledge and skills of mothers and families in the care of low birthweight babies are very important to prevent mortality and morbidity, because LBW babies are at risk of experiencing health problems. Care is therefore required from when the baby is hospitalized until the baby is discharged. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of using telehealth-based health education to increase the knowledge and skills of mothers in caring for LBW infants. Methods: This literature review was conducted based on the search for data sources and selection of articles with references used, namely Google Scholar and PubMed. The keywords used are telehealth OR miHealth OR app health AND low birth weight AND knowledge AND skills. The inclusion criteria for articles taken were those published in full text, in the period 2012-2021, quantitative research types, as well as articles with the main content being the use of health education media regarding the care of LBW babies. The search results contained 38 articles that had been adjusted to the inclusion criteria, there were 6 remaining articles. Results: knowledge and skills of mothers in caring for babies can increase after being given telehealth-based health education compared to conventional health education, namely leaflets and demonstrations. Conclusion: Health education based on telehealth is effective in increasing knowledge and skills so that mothers can care for LBW babies.

The aim of the article is to study the development and change of the conception of resilience of socioeconomic systems in the modern turbulent world, as well as to create a theoretical construct for the market resilience of business. The conception of BANI of the world, which demonstrates the chaotic and unpredictable nature of modern society and technological environment, is studied, so business organizations must not only be resistant to stress, but also ready for change and even successfully function in conditions of uncertainty and instability in order to adapt to the new reality. Thus, the central theme of world economic thought is the study of «resilience» in general, as well as its various aspects and potential ways to guarantee the sustainability of social, economic and ecological systems. Resilience is considered as an economic category, which is inherent in the subject of economic activity at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels. The main methodological approaches to resilience are proposed, which contain the following key components: crisis management of the socioeconomic system; change and innovation management; organizational culture and leadership; staff resilience. A new approach that changes the attitude to resilience as an economic category – the paradigm of Industry 5.0 – is considered. In the context of resilience, this paradigm aims to create viable, flexible and resilient systems that can adapt to different challenges. The types of resilience of different levels of the socioeconomic system are examined and systematized. The authors concluded that these kinds intersect, interact and complement at different levels, which is an important aspect of ensuring the stability and adaptability of this system. A definition of the concept of market resilience has been proposed, which is a characteristic of a business organization, which determines its ability to create new opportunities for sustainability, survival and development in conditions of total uncertainty, non-linear and unpredictable changes in the internal and external environment. The key elements of the formation of market resilience of a business entity are systematized and characterized.

Background/Objectives: An inhibitor of small Rho GTPase Cdc42, CASIN, has been shown to reduce cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, yet it has several limitations, including rapid drug elimination and low bioavailability, which prevents its systemic administration. In this study, we designed and characterized a nanoparticle-based delivery system for CASIN encapsulated within poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxylic acid endcap nanoparticles (PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs) for targeted inhibition of Cdc42 activity in colon cancer. Methods: We applied DLS, TEM, and UV–vis spectroscopy methods to characterize the size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and in vitro drug release of the synthesized nanoparticles. The CCK-8 cell viability test was used to study colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro. Results: We showed that CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs were smooth, spherical, and had a particle size of 86 ± 1 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency of 66 ± 5% and a drug-loading capacity of 5 ± 1%. CASIN was gradually released from NPs, reaching its peak after 24 h, and could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 (IC50 = 19.55 µM), SW620 (IC50 = 9.33 µM), and HCT116 (IC50 = 10.45 µM) cells in concentrations ranging between 0.025–0.375 mg/mL. CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs demonstrated low hemolytic activity with a hemolytic ratio of less than 1% for all tested concentrations. Conclusion: CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs have high encapsulation efficiency, sustained drug release, good hemocompatibility, and antitumor activity in vitro. Our results suggest that PLGA-PEG-COOH nanoparticles loaded with CASIN show potential as a targeted treatment for colorectal cancer and could be recommended for further in vivo evaluation.

Background and Objectives: This study analyzes the issues of position dislocation of the head of the superior poles and lateral points of the outer edge of the middle divisions of each of the thyroid lobes (TL) changes. The purpose was to provide an intravital position study of the clinical anatomy of the middle and superior poles of the thyroid gland (TG). Materials and Methods: We used data on anthropometry obtained during the study and data from MRI of the neck organs and anatomical formations of 100 healthy individuals, comprising 55 (55%) female and 45 (45%) male participants. To evaluate the data obtained in the examined group, the minimum probability value was 0.95 (95% confidence interval or p < 0.05). Results: Maximum flexion of the neck the distance from the center of the jugular notch to the lateral points of the outer edge of the middle parts of the TL decreases in all groups of but mostly in male ectomorphs; the same distance to the superior poles of the TG changes most in ectomorphic males on the right by 38.9% (p value < 0.001) and mesomorphic females on the left by 37.8% (p value < 0.001); in rotation to the left, the maximum was found in male ectomorphs, which decreased by 9.5% on the left (p value < 0.001) and by 7.3% on the right (p value < 0.001). Conclusions: this study provided new information about the intravital anatomy of the TG position, of the superior poles, and the lateral points of the middle part of its lobes.

With the global increase of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, there is an urgent need for new methods of tackling the issue. Genomic analysis of bacterial strains can help to understand their virulence and antibiotic resistance profile. Bioinformatic skills are in great demand across the biological sciences. We designed a workshop that allows university students to learn the process of genome assembly using command-line tools within a virtual machine on a Linux operating system. We use Illumina and Nanopore short and long-read raw sequences to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of short, long, and hybrid assembly methods. The workshop teaches how to assess read and assembly quality, perform genome annotation, and analyze pathogenicity, antibiotic and phage resistance. The workshop is intended for a five-week teaching period and is concluded by a student poster presentation assessment.

The basics of digital literacy begin to form at an early age, and as they grow older, digital literacy must continue to evolve, adapting to the rapidly changing digital world. The first (both in importance and in time) after the family cognitive social institution for most people is the educational system, or rather, the system of preschool education. The problem of increasing the digital literacy of preschool teachers, their willingness to use information technology in educational activities is clearly relevant. Studies have shown an insufficiently high level of digital literacy of future teachers. The goal of this work is to strengthen the digital literacy component in preparing future preschool educators. The authors of the article conducted an experimental study on the introduction of a new program of study of the discipline "Information Technology" at the Elabuga Institute of Kazan (Volga) Federal University. This program includes the following modules: "Interactive Didactic Games", "Animation Basics", "Programming Basics" and "Network Technologies". Based on an analysis of the design work for each module, as well as a survey of 68 respondents of different age categories who took part in the study, an increase in the level of digital literacy of future teachers in all indicators, an increase in the number of people wishing to use information technology in their professional activities, as well as a positive attitude of future teachers to the proposed program.

Background: To explore the prevalence of self-reported unintentional injuries and falls (UIFs) in medium-aged and old populations in Russia and factors associated with them. Methods: Two population-based studies (Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS), Ural Very Old Study (UVOS)) were carried out urban and rural areas in Bashkortostan/Russia. They consisted of 5899 individuals (age: 40+ years) and 1526 participants (age: 85+ years), respectively. We assessed previous falls as part of an interview with standardized questions, conducted in the framework of a series medical and ophthalmological assessments. Results: In the UEMS with 5894 individuals (age:59.0 ± 10.7 years), UIF prevalence was 1101/5894 (18.7 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI)CI:17.7,19.7), with 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 10+ UIFs reported by 766 (69.6 %),146 (13.3 %),56 (1.4 %),15 (1.4 %),19 (1.7 %),3 (0.3 %),2 (0.2 %),1 (0.01 %), and 10 (0.9 %) participants, respectively. The UIFs had occurred as outdoor incidents (n = 594; 53.8 %), at home (n = 162; 14.7 %), on the road or traffic accidents (n = 109; 9.9 %), at work (n = 77; 7.0 %), during garden work (n = 24; 2.2 %) or as falls from a higher level (n = 17; 1.5 %) or from house roofs (n = 16; 1.4 %). In 100 (1.7 % of the total study population; 9.1 % of the group with UIFs) participants, low vision was reported as a major cause for the UIF. Higher UIF prevalence was associated (multivariable analysis) with older age (odds ratio (OR):1.01; 95%CI:1.005,1.02;P

Background: There is a file of disputed Covid-19 claims which is an indication of less than optimal employee performance. The claim rate of Covid-19 services is inseparable from the influence of the service revenue rate, the service revenue provided as well as motivation and regulation understanding of COVID-19 service. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of services revenue rate, service revenue, work motivation, and regulations understanding on the claim rate, the effect of the service revenue rate and services revenue received on work motivation, the influence of the service revenue rate of services and services revenue received on regulation understanding. Methods: This research is a correlation research with the cross sectional method. The sample used was RSUD employees who were involved in the process of filling in the Covid-19 claim file from the start until the claim was received, 150 people, with the proportional random sampling technique. Data collecting techniques used in this study is a questionnaire, which was then analyzed by Partial Least Square analysis. Results: The service revenue rate has no significant effect on the claim of Covid-19 service rate, while service revenue, motivation, and regulations understanding have a significant effect on the Covid-19 claims rate. Meanwhile, services revenue rate and the service revenue significantly influences Human Resource motivation, the services revenue rate does not significantly affect regulations understanding, while services revenue has a significant effect on regulations understanding. Conclusion: Services rate is not able to encourage the claims rate. The service revenue, HR motivation, and regulations understanding are variables that can support the claims rate. The services revenue rate and the service revenue can trigger HR motivation. The rate at which services are revenued is not a variable capable of supporting understanding regulatory. The service rate encourage the regulation understanding.

Abstract To assess prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideas in populations from Russia, we conducted in rural and urban regions in Bashkortostan/Russia two population-based studies (Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS), performed from 2015 to 2017; Ural Very Old Study (UVOS), performed from 2017 to 2020) which included participants aged 40 + years and 85 + years, respectively. Depression was assessed using the questionnaire of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Scoresheet, and anxiety was examined applying the State Trait Inventory Anxiety Test. Suicidal ideas were explored by the question whether suicide had previously been thought of or attempted (and if yes, for what reasons). In the statistical analysis we assessed the mean of the main outcome parameter (depression score and anxiety score) and searched for associations between these parameters and other parameters in univariable and multivariable regression analyses. In the UEMS with 5893 individuals (age: 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range 40–94 years), higher depression score and anxiety score were associated (multivariable analysis) with more marked hearing loss (beta: 0.07; P

Abstract Engineering human tissue with diverse cell types and architectures remains challenging. The cerebral cortex, which has a layered cellular architecture composed of layer-specific neurons organised into vertical columns, delivers higher cognition through intricately wired neural circuits. However, current tissue engineering approaches cannot produce such structures. Here, we use a droplet printing technique to fabricate tissues comprising simplified cerebral cortical columns. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into upper- and deep-layer neural progenitors, which are then printed to form cerebral cortical tissues with a two-layer organization. The tissues show layer-specific biomarker expression and develop a structurally integrated network of processes. Implantation of the printed cortical tissues into ex vivo mouse brain explants results in substantial structural implant-host integration across the tissue boundaries as demonstrated by the projection of processes and the migration of neurons, and leads to the appearance of correlated Ca2+ oscillations across the interface. The presented approach might be used for the evaluation of drugs and nutrients that promote tissue integration. Importantly, our methodology offers a technical reservoir for future personalized implantation treatments that use 3D tissues derived from a patient’s own induced pluripotent stem cells.

Background: A health problem in hemodialysis patients is non-compliance with fluid restrictions. The country with the highest incidence of end-stage renal disease in 2018 was the Jalisco region in Mexico, with 594 people per million. One of the efforts to improve patient compliance is through education and monitoring. Telenursing is one of the modern information and communication technology systems in the health sector that can be used for patient monitoring and providing nursing services. Purpose: To determine telenursing's effect on dialysis patients' adherence. Methods: The research articles were obtained from three databases, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar, with 27 articles. Search literature using keywords (Bahasa and English), telenursing OR text messaging OR telephone Follow-up OR short message system OR mobile phone text messaging AND adherence OR Compliance AND hemodialysis OR dialysis with the inclusion criteria of research articles from 2016-2020, primary articles, full text, and research subjects were hemodialysis patients (either primary or secondary). The seven articles obtained were critically assessed and analyzed using Duffy's Research Appraisal Checklist Approach. Results: Telenursing research showed increased adherence in the presence of hemodialysis, fluid restriction, medicine, dietary, physical activity, and intention to quit smoking also increased knowledge, quality of life, and self-efficacy of a dialysis patient. Conclusion: Telenursing increases adherence to care and treatment of dialysis patients and improves health status in chronic diseases.

Background: Acute pain is a sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or functional tissue damage, with a sudden or slow onset and of mild to severe intensity lasting less than 3 months. Surgical procedures can cause acute pain. The main outcome of nursing interventions related to acute pain is a decrease in the level of pain. One of the non-pharmacologic nursing therapeutic interventions that can reduce pain levels and increase comfort is hypnosis therapy. Purpose: To determine the effect of hypnotherapy on pain scale in postoperative patients. Methods: Scientific articles in English and full texts published in 2002-2020 were identified and then analyzed by PI(E)O (problem; intervention; exposure; comparison; outcome). A total of 3404 articles from the PubMed, Wiley, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were identified using the keywords "hypnotherapy" OR "pain". Results: The results of the study found articles that discussed the effect of hypnotherapy on the pain scale. Conclusion: Patients who are given hypnosis will feel relaxed and make their subconscious active so that they can easily accept suggestions and can ignore other stimuli, including pain stimuli. Further research should also be carried out in patients who experience chronic pain.

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by toxic protein accumulation in the brain. Ubiquitination is essential for protein clearance in cells, making altered ubiquitin signaling crucial in AD development. A defective variant, ubiquitin B + 1 (UBB+1), created by a non-hereditary RNA frameshift mutation, is found in all AD patient brains post-mortem. We now detect UBB+1 in human brains during early AD stages. Our study employs a 3D neural culture platform derived from human neural progenitors, demonstrating that UBB+1 alone induces extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and insoluble hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates. UBB+1 competes with ubiquitin for binding to the deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL1, leading to elevated levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), secreted Aβ peptides, and Aβ build-up. Crucially, silencing UBB+1 expression impedes the emergence of AD hallmarks in this model system. Our findings highlight the significance of ubiquitin signalling as a variable contributing to AD pathology and present a nonclinical platform for testing potential therapeutics.

This study aimed to isolate and characterise a fungal pathogen associated with stem canker on dragon fruit and to evaluate the efficacy of sodium salt as an alternative control against it. The fungal pathogen was isolated and identified by morphological and cultural methods. SMNND11 and ARPN11 isolates, which are morphologically alike Neoscytalidium sp., were selected for the present study. The colony's mycelial mass was greyish-white and turned to dark greenish-grey. The shape of the arthroconidia was ellipsoid to ovoid and hyaline to dark brown with septate arthrospores. The hyphae were brown in colour, septate, branched and constricted into spore chains before disarticulation. Based on the blast analysis using the aligned sequences of the internal transcribed spacer, the SMNND11 isolate was highly genetically identical (100%) to Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, the ARPN10 isolate was 98.6% identical to Neoscytalidium sp. and the neighbour-joining analysis revealed that both isolates were grouped into the same genus, Neoscytalidium sp. The in vitro study revealed that sodium salt at a concentration of > 3% showed high potential in suppressing the mycelial growth of the SMNND11 isolates. In a field trial, a sodium salt solution at 30 g/L applied twice a week, along with rotating chemical fungicides applied once a week, were able to reduce the disease severity of the stem canker disease on the dragon fruit. This study revealed that Neoscytalidium sp., as well as N. dimidiatum, is the positive pathogen that infects dragon fruit plants in IP2TP Sumani and Aripan West Sumatra. Thus, the culture and field studies support the potential control technique to alternating chemical fungicide on dragon fruit.

Purpose: To explore intraocular pressure (IOP) and its associated parameters in an aged population. Methods: The epidemiologic Ural Very Old Study (UVOS) conducted in Bashkortostan/Russia included 1526 participants with an age of ≥85 years. Besides a whole series of ocular and systemic examinations, IOP was determined applying non-contact tonometry. Body mass index, diastolic blood pressure and age were the factors used to estimate the cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP). Results: The study consisted of 904 participants (age: 88.6 ± 2.7 years) with available IOP readings and without anti-glaucomatous therapy. Mean IOP was 14.5 ± 5.1 mmHg (median: 14 mm Hg; Q1:11; Q3:16; 95%CI:8,25) and 14.8 ± 4.6 mmHg (median: 14 mm Hg; Q1:12; Q3:17; 95%CI:8,28) in the right and left eyes, respectively. Higher IOP correlated (multivariable analysis; correlation coefficient r2:0.32) with female sex (P

Chronic pain affects up to 28% of U.S. adults, costing ∼$560 billion each year. Chronic pain is an instantiation of the perennial complexity of how to best assess and treat chronic diseases over time, especially in populations where age, medical comorbidities, and socioeconomic barriers may limit access to care. Chronic disease management poses a particular challenge for the healthcare system's transition from fee-for-service to value and risk-based reimbursement models. Remote, passive real-time data from smartphones could enable more timely interventions and simultaneously manage risk and promote better patient outcomes through predicting and preventing costly adverse outcomes; however, there is limited evidence whether remote monitoring is feasible, especially in the case of older patients with chronic pain. Here, we introduce the Pain Intervention and Digital Research (Pain-IDR) Program as a pilot initiative launched in 2022 that combines outpatient clinical care and digital health research. The Pain-IDR seeks to test whether functional status can be assessed passively, through a smartphone application, in older patients with chronic pain. We discuss two perspectives—a narrative approach that describes the clinical settings and rationale behind changes to the operational design, and a quantitative approach that measures patient recruitment, patient experience, and HERMES data characteristics. Since launch, we have had 77 participants with a mean age of 55.52, of which n = 38 have fully completed the 6 months of data collection necessitated to be considered in the study, with an active data collection rate of 51% and passive data rate of 78%. We further present preliminary operational strategies that we have adopted as we have learned to adapt the Pain-IDR to a productive clinical service. Overall, the Pain-IDR has successfully engaged older patients with chronic pain and presents useful insights for others seeking to implement digital phenotyping in other chronic disease settings.

Our study aimed to clarify the anatomical features of the zygomatic, upper masseteric, lower masseteric and mandibular ligaments and their possible contribution to age-related gravitational ptosis. The study was carried out by the method of layered dissection of fresh cadavers. In several observations, the zygomatic ligament is represented by the fibers originating from the zygomaticus major muscle fibers. It is a true ligament with the fibers inserted directly into the skin. The upper and lower masseteric ligaments originate from the parotideomasseteric fascia and weave into the thickness of the SMAS. The mandibular ligament consists of two connective tissue laminae originating from the parotideomasseteric fascia at the lower edge of the mandible and from the inner surface of this fascia, along the anterior edge of the masseter muscle, skirting the facial vein sheath and the facial artery, traveling toward the platysma and the depressor anguli oris muscle, and merging with their fibers. The zygomatic ligament should be considered an osteo-musculocutaneous ligament, emphasizing the role of the associated zygomaticus major muscle in the mechanism of aging. The upper and lower masseteric and mandibular ligaments are false fascio-SMAS ligaments rather than osteo-cutaneous ones, playing the barrier role and fixing the superficial fascia and the platysma muscle.

This article covers the issue of formation of information competence of future preschool teachers. Efficiency of using information technologies in educational process depends on the level of information competence of a teacher. A modern teacher has to use information technologies reasonably, that contribute to enriching of development of cognitive processes of a child and, at the same time, saving his health. This paper suggests project method for formation of information competence of future preschool teachers. Students from the training course on 44.03.05 "Pedagogical Education" specialty "Preschool Education. Primary Education" of Elabuga Institute of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University participated in this experiment. The results of the studies performed showed high efficiency of application of the project method in formation of information competence of future teachers.

Purpose: To investigate the normative data of anterior chamber depth (ACD) and angle (ACA) and their associations in multiethnic cohorts spanning three generations in Russia. Methods: The study cohort included the participants of three population-based studies performed in urban and rural Bashkortostan/Russia: The Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS; age:40+ years), Ural Children Eye Study (UCES; age:6–18 years), and Ural Very Old Study (UVOS; age:85+ years). Using Scheimflug camera-based anterior chamber imaging, we measured ACD and ACA as part of a comprehensive ophthalmological and systemic examination. Exclusion criterion was previous cataract surgery. Results: The study included 4869 (98.7 %) children out of 4933 children of the UCES, 5426 (92.0 %) out of 5899 UEMS participants, and 268 (16.3 %) out of 1526 UVOS participants. In the UEMS, shallower ACD (mean:3.14 ± 0.37 mm) correlated (multivariable analysis; r[2] = 0.57) with older age (beta: 0.08;P

The cement industry is a major contributor to the anthropogenic CO2 emissions, with about 8% of all emissions coming from this sector. The global cement and concrete association has set a goal to achieve net-zero CO2 concrete by 2050, with 45% of the reduction coming from alternatives to Portland cement, substitution, and carbon capture and utilization/storage (CCU/S) approaches. Magnesia-based cements offer a conceivable solution to this problem due to their potential for low-to-negative CO2 emissions (CCU/S) but also being alternatives to Portland cement. The sources of magnesia can come from magnesium silicates or desalination brines which are carbon free for raw-material-related emissions (cf. carbonated rocks). This opens up possibilities for low or even net-negative carbon emissions. However, research on magnesia-based cements is still in its early stages. In this paper, we summarize the current understanding of different MgO-based cements and their chemistries: magnesia oxysulfate cement, magnesia oxychloride cement, magnesia carbonate cement, and magnesia silicate cement. We also discuss relevant research needed for MgO-based cements and concretes including the issues relating to the low pH of these cements and suitability of steel reinforcement. Alternatives reinforcements, suitable admixtures, and durability studies are the most needed for the further development of MgO-based concretes to achieve a radical CO2 reduction in this industry. Additionally, techno-economic and life cycle assessments are also needed to assess the competition of raw materials and the produced binder or concrete with other solutions. Overall, magnesia-based cements are a promising emerging technology that requires further research and development to realize their potential in reducing CO2 emissions in the construction industry.

Unraveling sources of sediment supply, their temporal and spatial variability is of key importance to determine origin of deposits and to explore the formation mechanism of Selenga Delta landscape units. From an environmental point of view this solution would help to identify the particle-bound pollution sources. We used geochemical fingerprinting (the FingerPro R package), which is a modern quantitative implementation of the method of sedimentary provenance analysis. The main aim was to recognize the main patterns of sediment and associated particle-bound pollutants transport and deposition within the delta. At the old floodplain from 55% to 90% of sediments were delivered from the eroded floodplain and terrace banks upstream and only about 10-15% originates from the remote basin sources. Sedimentary environment in the Khlystov Zaton reveals a greater variety than on the floodplains. 40% of sediments from the upper 5 cm-layer originated from the flood, taking place in 2013, and 30% were the product of floodplain and terraces banks erosion. Nevertheless, analysis of the fine-grained component of suspended sediment sets the material from eroded floodplain banks as the dominant source of accumulation within the delta. This means that the self-absorption is the leading process in the Selenga delta at the moment. Heavy metals and metalloids accumulates in the lower reaches of the Selenga on the floodplain surface, deltaic lakes and oxbows during high floods. Runoff decrease during floods can lead to the release of pollutants into the Lake Baikal.

Formulation of the problem. The level of atmospheric air pollution in large cities is influenced by a number of factors, among which the most important are the emissions of pollutants into the air, the characteristics of the sources of admixtures, the landscape features, synoptic and meteorological conditions (Vystavnaya, Zubkovych 2014). The influence of the latter is associated with the scattering, washing out and transformation of harmful substances in the atmosphere, as well as the significant variability of their concentrations in space and time. The characteristics of the wind regime (wind direction and velocity), temperature inversions, and formation of low-troposphere currents are among the meteorological factors that most influence the concentrations of contaminants in the layer of atmosphere near the surface (Ivus 2017), (Agayar 2018) Shevchenko 2020). The purpose of the article is to develop and improve methods of forecasting meteorological conditions of atmospheric pollution over industrial areas of Odesa, as well as characterize the variability of meteorological values over the Northwest Black Sea. Methods. the data of four-time observations (01, 07, 13, 19 hours) for the main pollutants on the network of eight stationary posts for the February, April, July and October of 2011 are used as the initial materials. The catalog of typical synoptic processes over the territory of Ukraine for the period of 2011-2015 is compiled at the Department of Meteorology and Climatology of the OSENU. To clarify specific synoptic situations, synoptic maps of all levels (ground-level, AT-925, AT-850, AT-700 and AT-500) from the archive of the ARMSin (‘automatic forecaster workstation’- program for processing synoptic maps that is applied in Ukraine. Results. 1. CO concentrations in the city of Odesa increase with distance from the coastal strip in to the depth of land with maximum values in places with high traffic load, regardless of the season; 2. Absence of industrial facilities and meteorological conditions contribute to the low level of air pollution around post N 8. Exceedance of the maximum allowable concentrations of carbon monoxide is observed in 6 out of 8 observation posts; 3. Favorable conditions for the accumulation of admixtures are formed in peripheral processes with low-gradient pressure fields, in front parts of cyclones and in low-motion and small cyclones with the same air mass; 4. Temperature inversions almost always accompanied the accumulation of harmful admixtures in the ground layer of air above Odesa. Scientific novelty and practical significance. In this article we have analyzed influence of meteorological conditions on the level of atmospheric air pollution in Odesa region. For these purposes the more nuanced-based method of forecasting was adapted. We have demonstrated that its use has efficiency at the present time for improvement of operative prognostic units work for the Northwest Black Sea region. Such conclusions may be identified as a result of empirical findings.

Abstract To assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a population in Russia. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in an urban and rural region in Bashkortostan/Russia and included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible persons, aged 40 + years. DED and MGD were assessed by Schirmer´s test, slit-lamp based examination of the Meibomian glands, and an interview with DED-related questions. The study included 5153 (87.4%) individuals with DED and MGD assessments (mean age: 58.5 ± 10.5 years). The mean Schirmer´s test result was 11.8 ± 6.8 mm and 12.5 ± 7.1 mm for the right/left eye, with a result of ≤ 5 mm measured in 1098 (21.3%; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 20.2, 22.4) of the worse eyes. The mean subjective dry eye symptoms score was 1.37 ± 1.82. MGD grade 1 (telangiectasia at the lid margin), 2, 3, 4 or any grade in the worse eye was diagnosed in 901 (21.1%), 1161 (27.1%), 158 (3.7%), 32 (0.7%), and 2252 (52.6%; 95% CI 51.1, 54.1) eyes respectively. The prevalence of DED diagnosis #1, #2 and #3 (Schirmer´s test ≤ 5 mm, and dry eye score ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3, respectively), #4 (dry eye score ≥ 1, Schirmer test ≤ 5 mm, MGD grade 1 +), and #5 (dry eye score ≥ 1, Schirmer test ≤ 5 mm, MGD grade 2 +) were 598/5142 (11.6%), 426/5153 (8.3%), 273/5142 (5.3%), 335/5142 (6.5%), and 186/5142 (3.6%), respectively. Mean depression score as applied was 5.1 ± 3.8. Higher DED prevalence (definition #4) was associated (multivariable analysis) with female sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.71; 95% CI 1.31, 2.22; P

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of using “natural therapy” technology in the process of social and psychological rehabilitation of the elderly. The article analyzes the relevance of the problem of social isolation, maladaptation and loneliness of elderly people in different countries of the world, and in Ukraine in particular, leading to sustainable social and psychological dysfunctions and substantiates the need to overcome them. The author's methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of socio-psychological rehabilitation sessions with the elderly using the rehabilitation implements of natural therapy is proposed. The mechanisms and technologies of social and psychological rehabilitation of the elderly using the rehabilitation concept of natural therapy are proposed and have been tested. As part of the research, an experiment was conducted among 100 people, half of whom were engaged in an individual rehabilitation course using the technology of the ecological rehabilitation concept of natural therapy. The article describes the results of the proposed classes for the participants of the experimental group and presents proposals in the field of improving rehabilitation measures based on natural therapy in the framework of the social and psychological rehabilitation of the elderly.

ABSTRACT Background: Stroke is a medical emergency condition that often causes death and disability recorded worldwide. About 5.5 million people died and 44 million people living with the residual effects of stroke. Stroke results weakness of the extremities and impact from prolonged bed rest that gives one of the complications called decubitus. Decubitus as result of prolonged pressure on the Protruding bone surface area, so that depressed area and over time the local tissue is ischemic, hypoxia and develops into necrosis. Cause of the patients’ inability to take care of their own bodies, therefore family caring is important roles in decubitus treatment in stroke patients. Purpose: To collect and analyze the results of research relate the treatment management with family caring methods to prevention decubitus in stroke patients. Methods: this study used a research article from 2015-2021 with a data base of PubMed, google scholar, ScienceDirect, and research gates and using certain keywords. The keywords for this review included decubitus, pressure ulcers, pressure injury, stroke, family caring. Results: The author filtered 315 literature study from four databases (PubMed, google scholar, ScienceDirect and research gate) for review. That as many 15 articles that considered relevant, and 8 articles were included of treatment management with family caring to prevent decubitus for patient stroke. Based on the analysis of 8 articles, the family caring method can reduce the risk of decubitus in stroke patients. Conclusion: The Family caring method can prevent the risk of decubitus in stroke patients. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Penyakit stroke adalah suatu keadaan darurat medis yang sering mengakibatkan kematian maupun kecatatan di seluruh dunia. Sebanyak kurang lebih 5,5 juta orang meninggal serta 44 juta orang mengalami gejala sisa akibat penyakit stroke. Stroke mengakibatkan terjadinya kelemahan ekstremitas serta berdampak pada terjadinya tirah baring yang lama, sehingga menimbulkan salah satu komplikasi yaitu dekubitus. Dekubitus ini terjadi akibat dari tekanan dengan durasi lama pada area permukaan kulit yang menonjol karena tulang, sehingga area yang tertekan tersebut membentuk jaringan iskemik, hipoksia, dan nekrosis. Kondisi ini menjadi penyebab ketidakmampuan pasien dalam menjaga dirinya sendiri. Maka dari itu, keluarga diharapkan mampu berperan sebagai pendukung dalam melakukan perawatan dekubitus pada pasien stroke. Tujuan: Untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis hasil terkait suatu manajemen perawatan pasien stroke dengan metode family caring terhadap pencegahan luka dekubitus Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelusuran artikel dari tahun 2015 hingga 2021 pada database pubmed, google scholar, scienderect dan research gate dengan kata kunci tertentu. Pencarian artikel dengan menggunakan kata kunci dekubitus, pressure ulcers, pressure injury, stroke, dan family caring. Hasil: Penulis memilah 315 studi literature dari empat database (pubmed, google scoolar, sciendirect dan research gate). Sebanyak 15 artikel yang dianggap relevan dan 8 artikel yang layak untuk ditelaah tentang manajemen untuk pencegahan luka dekubitus pada pasien stroke. Bersumber perawatan dengan metode family caring untuk pencegahan luka dekubitus pada pasien stroke. Bersumber pada analisis dari 8 artikel tersebut diperoleh bahwa metode family caring dapat menurunkan resiko terjadinya luka dekubitus. Kesimpulan: Metode family caring dapat mencegah resiko terjadinya luka dekubitus pada pasien stroke.

The paper analyzed the number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms and the elemental composition of the active, permafrost and thawed layers of a typical flat mount frozen peatlands (plateau palsa) in the Nadym-Pur interfluves, Western Siberia, with part of it affected by fire. The number of ecological-trophic groups was found to change after permafrost thaw. The study revealed a relationship between the number of microorganisms and the content of some chemical elements in the soil profile of the plateau palsa in the Nadym-Pur interfluve. A statistically significant relationship was found between the most probable number of microorganisms (CFU/g) in different peat layers and the pH, the ash content and the content of calcium, magnesium, strontium, and iron.

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) affect 17–46% of Western countries, making coexistence with other liver diseases inevitable. We investigated the prevalence and clinical significance of NAFLD/NASH or the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a large multicentric cohort of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Methods: Data from six academic centres (Greece, Canada, Japan, Germany, The Netherlands, and Spain) were evaluated. The presence of NAFLD/NASH in liver biopsy, MetS components, and clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. Results: A total of 640 patients (474 females, age 49 [4–87] years; follow-up 78 [1–521] months) were included. NAFLD was present in 146 (22.8%) patients (AIH/non-alcoholic fatty liver [NAFL] 115 [18%], AIH/NASH 31 [4.8%]). AIH/NAFL patients were older (p = 0.017), more frequently overweight or obese (p = 0.002), had hypertension (p = 0.001), and had diabetes (p = 0.016), whereas they less frequently had acute presentation (p = 0.002) and soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas positivity (p

ObjectivesTo describe the procedures to derive complete prevalence and several indicators of cancer cure from population-based cancer registries.Materials and methodsCancer registry data (47% of the Italian population) were used to calculate limited duration prevalence for 62 cancer types by sex and registry. The incidence and survival models, needed to calculate the completeness index (R) and complete prevalence, were evaluated by likelihood ratio tests and by visual comparison. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the effect on the complete prevalence of using different R indexes. Mixture cure models were used to estimate net survival (NS); life expectancy of fatal (LEF) cases; cure fraction (CF); time to cure (TTC); cure prevalence, prevalent patients who were not at risk of dying as a result of cancer; and already cured patients, those living longer than TTC at a specific point in time. CF was also compared with long-term NS since, for patients diagnosed after a certain age, CF (representing asymptotical values of NS) is reached far beyond the patient’s life expectancy.ResultsFor the most frequent cancer types, the Weibull survival model stratified by sex and age showed a very good fit with observed survival. For men diagnosed with any cancer type at age 65–74 years, CF was 41%, while the NS was 49% until age 100 and 50% until age 90. In women, similar differences emerged for patients with any cancer type or with breast cancer. Among patients alive in 2018 with colorectal cancer at age 55–64 years, 48% were already cured (had reached their specific TTC), while the cure prevalence (lifelong probability to be cured from cancer) was 89%. Cure prevalence became 97.5% (2.5% will die because of their neoplasm) for patients alive >5 years after diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study represents an addition to the current knowledge on the topic providing a detailed description of available indicators of prevalence and cancer cure, highlighting the links among them, and illustrating their interpretation. Indicators may be relevant for patients and clinical practice; they are unambiguously defined, measurable, and reproducible in different countries where population-based cancer registries are active.

Injuries to humans caused by wild animals, particularly bears, are rarely mentioned in the literature. Such injuries are frequent in Siberia, which is a territory surrounded by dense forests inhabited by brown bears. In the last 4 months alone (September–December 2023), four bear attacks on humans were registered in Khakassia, Russia. This article presents a clinical case of rehabilitating a patient after a bear attack, who suffered multiple fragmentary fractures of the facial skeleton with displaced bone fragments, subcutaneous emphysema of the soft tissues of the face, damage to the parietal and right occipital regions and paranasal sinus hemorrhage on the left side. The nature of the injuries was enhanced by trauma to the upper extremity caused by the patient defending himself against the animal. In addition to the damage to his face, the bear tried to open his cranium, as evidenced by four furrows caused by its canines, including two each on the frontal and occipital bones of the skull. The patient’s complex treatment included both maxillofacial and reconstructive surgeries, and outpatient treatment involved the formation of normotrophic scars using a neodymium laser and injections of a heterogeneous composition consisting of microparticles of “crosslinked” collagen of animal origin placed in a gel identical to the natural extracellular matrix.

The study of the consumer advantages of rice samples was carried out in connection with the development of an effective breeding methodology for developing rice genotypes based on an accelerated breeding process. The aim of the research was to study the protein and amylose content in rice grain samples of the parent white-grain and red-grain forms and generations of BC2. In the program of developing varieties based on the use of modern postgenomic and cellular technologies, BC2 and their parent forms - samples of the USI “Collection of the FSC of rice” belonging to various groups by the grain form, white-grained, served as the research material. The crop was grown on the experimental plot of Federal Scientific Rice Centre. As a result of the work carried out, samples with an unpainted pericarp were isolated for large-scale genotyping. Phenotyping of the studied rice samples was carried out by protein and amylose content in rice grains. The assessment on the basis of “protein content” was carried out using a universal infrared express analyzer “Multicheck Plus”, InfraLUM FT 6, the amylose content in starch of rice grain varieties – according to GOST ISO 6647-2-2015 Fig. BC2 groups with a high protein content, more than 8.8% and amylose content 1 – 16.0-19.0 %, 2 - amylose content 20.0-22.0%, 3 - amylose content 22.1-27.0% were identified in BC2 grain combinations.

We have developed Convacell®—a COVID-19 vaccine based on the recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2. This paper details Convacell’s® combined phase I/II and IIb randomized, double-blind, interventional clinical trials. The primary endpoints were the frequency of adverse effects (AEs) and the titers of specific anti-N IgGs induced by the vaccination; secondary endpoints included the nature of the immune response. Convacell® demonstrated high safety in phase I with no severe AEs detected, 100% seroconversion by day 42 and high and sustained for 350 days anti-N IgG levels in phase II. Convacell® also demonstrated a fused cellular and humoral immune response. Phase IIb results showed significant post-vaccination increases in circulating anti-N IgG and N protein-specific IFNγ+-producing PBMC quantities among 438 volunteers. Convacell® showed same level of immunological efficacy for single and double dose vaccination regimens, including for elderly patients. The clinical studies indicate that Convacell® is safe and highly immunogenic.

Abstract To determine the prevalence of osteoarthritis and its associated factors in populations from Russia. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS) and the population-based Ural Very Old Study (UVOS) were conducted in a rural and urban region in Bashkortostan/Russia and included participants aged 40+ and 85+ years, respectively. As part of a detailed systematic examination, we assessed the osteoarthritis prevalence in an interview including questions on the self-reported presence of osteoarthritis, the joints affected and osteoarthritis-related pain-relieving therapy taken. Out of 5898 participants of the UEMS, 1636 individuals had osteoarthritis [prevalence: 27.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 26.7, 28.7], with 816 individuals (13.8%; 95% CI 12.8, 14.8) taking pain-relieving medication. A higher osteoarthritis prevalence was associated (multivariable analysis) with older age [odds ratio (OR 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.05], urban region of residence (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07, 1.45), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03, 1.06), lower monthly income (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.68, 0.90), higher physical activity score (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03), higher prevalence of a history of cardiovascular disease including stroke (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.33, 1.81), previous bone fractures (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04, 1.40) and previous falls (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.03, 1.45), higher hearing loss score (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.01, 1.02), and less alcohol consumption (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.65, 0.93). Out of 1526 UVOS participants, 567 individuals had osteoarthritis (prevalence: 37.2%; 95% CI 35.0, 40.0), with 195 (12.8%; 95% CI 11.3, 14.3) individuals taking pain-relieving medication. Higher osteoarthritis prevalence was associated with rural region of habitation (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.20, 2.38), lower monthly income (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.46, 0.84), higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.30, 2.36), and higher anxiety score (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03, 1.06). Osteoarthritis and use of pain-relieving medication are common in these populations in Russia. Main associated factors were older age and lower monthly income in both study populations, female sex, higher BMI, urban region, and previous falls and bone fractures in the UEMS population, and rural region and a higher anxiety score in the UVOS study population.

Objectives: To present the best and most up-to-date evidence on associations between built environment (BE) attributes and overall and specific domains of physical activity (PA) (i.e., leisure, transport, walking, and cycling) in older adults (≥60 years).Methods: An umbrella review was undertaken to compile evidence from systematic reviews using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A comprehensive search (updated 16 August 2022), inclusion/exclusion of articles via title/abstract and full-text reviews, data extraction, and critical appraisal were completed. Only reviews with a good critical appraisal score were included.Results: Across three included systematic reviews, each BE attribute category was positively associated with ≥1 PA outcome. A larger number of significant associations with BE attributes were reported for transport walking (13/26), total walking (10/25), and total PA (9/26), compared to leisure walking (4/34) and transport cycling (3/12). Fewer associations have been examined for leisure cycling (1/2).Conclusion: Although the causality of findings cannot be concluded due to most primary studies being cross-sectional, these best and most up-to-date findings can guide necessary future longitudinal and experimental studies for the (re)design of age-friendly communities.

Purpose: Recently, ultrahigh-dose-rate radiation therapy (UHDR-RT) has emerged as a promising strategy to increase the benefit/risk ratio of external RT. Extensive work is on the way to characterize the physical and biological parameters that control the so-called “Flash” effect. However, this healthy/tumor differential effect is observable in in vivo models, which thereby drastically limits the amount of work that is achievable in a timely manner. Methods and Materials: In this study, zebrafish embryos were used to compare the effect of UHDR irradiation (8-9 kGy/s) to conventional RT dose rate (0.2 Gy/s) with a 68 MeV proton beam. Viability, body length, spine curvature, and pericardial edema were measured 4 days postirradiation. Results: We show that body length is significantly greater after UHDR-RT compared with conventional RT by 180 µm at 30 Gy and 90 µm at 40 Gy, while pericardial edema is only reduced at 30 Gy. No differences were obtained in terms of survival or spine curvature. Conclusions: Zebrafish embryo length appears as a robust endpoint, and we anticipate that this model will substantially fasten the study of UHDR proton-beam parameters necessary for “Flash.”