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2. Measurements and controls implementation for WEST

Author

Moreau, P., Bucalossi, J., Missirlian, M., Samaille, F., Courtois, X., Gil, C., Lotte, P., Meyer, O., Nardon, E., Nouailletas, R., Ravenel, N., Travere, J.M., Alarcon, T., Antusch, S., Aumeunier, M.H., Barjat, P., Belsare, S., Bernard, J.M., Bhandarkar, M., Bottereau, C., Bourdelle, C., Brémond, S., Camenen, Y., Chaudhari, V., Chavda, C., Chernyshova, M., Clairet, F., Colnel, J., Czarski, T., Choi, M., Colledani, G., Corre, Y., Daniel, R., Davis, D., Dejarnac, R., Devynck, P., Dhongde, J., Douai, D., Elbeze, D., Escarguel, A., Fenzi, C., Figacz, W., Guangwu, Z., Giacalone, J.C., Guirlet, R., Gunn, J., Hacquin, S., Hao, X., Harris, J.H., Hoang, G.T., Houry, M., Imbeaux, F., Jablonski, S., Jardin, A., Joshi, H., Kasprowicz, G., Klepper, C.C., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Kubkowska, M., Kumar, A., Kumar, V., Kumari, P., Laqua, H., Le-Luyer, A., Lee, W., Lewerentz, M., Lyu, B., Malard, P., Manenc, L., Mansuri, I., Marandet, Y., Masand, H., Mazon, D., Molina, D., Moureau, G., Nam, Y., Park, H., Pascal, J.Y., Patel, K., Patel, M., Pozniak, K., Radloff, D., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C., Raupp, G., Rieth, M., Sabot, R., Santraine, B., Sestac, D., Sharma, M., Shen, J., Signoret, J., Soni, J., Spring, A., Spuig, P., Sugandhi, R., Treuterrer, W., Tsitrone, E., Varshney, S., Vartanian, S., Volpe, D., Wang, F.D., Werner, A., Yun, G., Zabolotny, W., and Zhao, W.

Published
2017
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3. Operating a full tungsten actively cooled tokamak: overview of WEST first phase of operation

Author

Bucalossi, J., Achard, J., Agullo, O., Alarcon, T., Allegretti, L., Ancher, H., Antar, G., Antusch, S., Anzallo, V., Arnas, C., Arranger, D., Artaud, J. F., Aumeunier, M. H., Baek, S. G., Bai, X., Balbin, J., Balorin, C., Barbui, T., Barbuti, A., Barlerin, J., Basiuk, V., Batal, T., Baulaigue, O., Bec, A., Bécoulet, M., Benoit, E., Benard, E., Benard, J. M., Bertelli, N., Bertrand, E., Beyer, P., Bielecki, J., Bienvenu, P., Bisson, R., Bobkov, V., Bodner, G., Bottereau, C., Bouchand, C., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bourg, J., Brezinsek, S., Brochard, F., Brun, C., Bruno, V., Bufferand, H., Bureau, A., Burles, S., Camenen, Y., Cantone, B., Caprin, E., Carpentier, S., Caulier, G., Chanet, N., Chellai, O., Chen, Y., Chernyshova, M., Chmielewski, P., Choe, W., Chomiczewska, A., Ciraolo, G., Clairet, F., Coenen, J., Colas, L., Colledani, G., Colnel, J., Coquillat, P., Corbel, E., Corre, Y., Costea, S., Courtois, X., Czarski, T., Daniel, R., Daumas, J., De Combarieu, M., Temmerman, G., De, De Vries, P., Dechelle, C., Deguara, F., Dejarnac, R., Delaplanche, J. M., Delgado-Aparicio, L. F., Delmas, E., Delpech, L., Desgranges, C., Devynck, P., Di Genova, S., Diab, R., Diallo, A., Diez, M., Dif-Pradalier, G., Dimitrova, M., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doceul, L., Domenes, M., Douai, D., Dougnac, H., Duan, X., Dubus, L., Dumas, N., Dumont, R., Durand, F., Durif, A., Durocher, A., Durodié, F., Ekedahl, A., Elbeze, D., Ertmer, S., Escarguel, A., Escourbiac, F., Ezato, K., Faisse, F., Faure, N., Fedorczak, N., Fejoz, P., Fenzi-Bonizec, C., Ferlay, F., Firdaouss, M., Fleury, L., Flouquet, D., Gallo, A., Gao, Y., Garbet, X., Garcia, J., Gardarein, J. L., Gargiulo, L., Garibaldi, P., Garitta, S., Gaspar, J., Gauthier, E., Gavila, P., Gazzotti, S., Gely, F., Geynet, M., Gharafi, S., Ghendrih, P., Giacalone, I., Gil, C., Ginoux, S., Girard, S., Giroux, E., Giruzzi, G., Goletto, C., Goniche, M., Gray, T., Grelier, E., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Grisolia, C., Grosjean, A., Grosman, A., Guibert, D., Guilhem, D., Guillemaut, C., Guillermin, B., Guirlet, R., Gunn, J. P., Gunsu, Y., Gyergyek, T., Hakola, A., Harris, J., Hatchressian, J. C., Helou, W., Hennequin, P., Hernandez, C., Hill, K., Hillairet, J., Hirai, T., Hoang, G. T., Houry, M., Hutter, T., Imbeaux, F., Imbert, N., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jalageas, R., Jardin, A., Jaubert, L., Jiolat, G., Jonas, A., Joubert, P., Kirschner, A., Klepper, C., Komm, M., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Kozeiha, M., Krieger, K., Krol, K., Lacroix, B., Laguardia, L., Lamaison, V., Laqua, H., Lau, C., Lausenaz, Y., Lé, R., Le Bohec, M., Lefevre, N., Lemoine, N., Lerche, E., Lewerentz, M., Li, Y., Li, M., Liang, A., Linczuk, P., Linsmeier, C., Lipa, M., Litaudon, X., Liu, X., Llorens, J., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Loewenhoff, T., Lombard, G., Lore, J., Lorenzetto, P., Lotte, P., Lozano, M., Lu, B., Lunsford, R., Luo, G., Magaud, P., Maget, P., Mahieu, J. F., Maini, P., Malard, P., Malinowski, K., Manas, P., Manenc, L., Marandet, Y., Marechal, J. L., Marek, S., Martin, C., Martin, E., Martinez, A., Martino, P., Mazon, D., Messina, P., Meunier, L., Midou, D., Mineo, Y., Missilian, M., Mitteau, R., Mitu, B., Mollard, P., Moncada, V., Mondiere, T., Morales, J., Moreau, M., Moreau, P., Moudden, Y., Moureau, G., Mouyon, D., Muraglia, M., Nagy, A., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Neff, A., Nespoli, F., Nichols, J., Nicollet, S., Nouailletas, R., Ono, M., Ostuni, V., Parish, C., Park, H., Parrat, H., Pascal, J. Y., Pégourié, B., Pellissier, F. P., Peneliau, Y., Peret, M., Peysson, Y., Pignoly, E., Pintsuk, G., Pitts, R., Pocheau, C., Portafaix, C., Poulos, M., Prochet, P., Puig Sitjes, A., Rasinski, M., Raup, G., Regal-Mezin, X., Reux, C., Riccardi, B., Rice, J., Richou, M., Rigollet, F., Roche, H., Romazanov, J., Ruset, C., Sabot, R., Saille, A., Sakamoto, R., Salmon, T., Samaille, F., Santagiustina, A., Santraine, B., Sarazin, Y., Serre, E., Shin, H., Shiraiwai, S., Signoret, Ja., Signoret, Je., Simonin, A., Skalli Fettachi, O., Song, Y., Spring, A., Spuig, P., Sridhar, S., Stratton, B., Talatizi, C., Tamain, P., Tatali, R., Téna, M., Torre, A., Toulouse, L., Travère, J. M., Treutterer, W., Tsitrone, E., Unterberg, E., Urbanczyk, G., Van Eester, D., Van Rooij, G., Vartanian, S., Verger, J. M., Vermare, L., Vézinet, D., Vignal, N., Vincent, B., Vives, S., Volpe, D., Wallace, G., Wang, E., Wang, L., Wang, Yi., Wang, Yo., Wauters, T., Wirth, B., Wirtz, M., Wojenski, A., Wright, J., Xu, M., Yang, Q., Yang, H., Zago, B., Zagorski, Zhang, B., Zhang, X., Zou, X., Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, WEST, Nuclear engineering, Phase (waves), chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, law.invention, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], law, ITER, divertor, DEMO, Engineering & allied operations, nuclear fusion, Superconductivity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Divertor, RF power amplifier, magnetic confinement, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, Heat flux, ddc:620, tokamak physics
Abstract

WEST is an MA class superconducting, actively cooled, full tungsten (W) tokamak, designed to operate in long pulses up to 1000 s. In support of ITER operation and DEMO conceptual activities, key missions of WEST are: (i) qualification of high heat flux plasma-facing components in integrating both technological and physics aspects in relevant heat and particle exhaust conditions, particularly for the tungsten monoblocks foreseen in ITER divertor; (ii) integrated steady-state operation at high confinement, with a focus on power exhaust issues. During the phase 1 of operation (2017–2020), a set of actively cooled ITER-grade plasma facing unit prototypes was integrated into the inertially cooled W coated startup lower divertor. Up to 8.8 MW of RF power has been coupled to the plasma and divertor heat flux of up to 6 MW m−2 were reached. Long pulse operation was started, using the upper actively cooled divertor, with a discharge of about 1 min achieved. This paper gives an overview of the results achieved in phase 1. Perspectives for phase 2, operating with the full capability of the device with the complete ITER-grade actively cooled lower divertor, are also described.

Published
2022
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5. Study of high frequency MHD modes from ECE radiometer in Tore Supra

Author

Dubuit N., Benkadda S., Ségui J.-L., Molina D., Guimarães-Filho Z.O., Elbeze D., Garbet X., and Sabot R.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Tore Supra ECE diagnostic has been recently upgraded to study MHD modes driven by energetic particles up to 400 kHz. To improve the measurement sensitivity, the ECE signals of the 32 channels radiometer were amplified just below the saturation limit and sources of noise were investigated in order to keep it as low as possible. With such an improvement, fast particle driven modes with frequencies up to 200 kHz were detected. A 4-channel correlation ECE system using YIG filters with tuneable frequency was also installed. It allows fine radial scans of MHD modes and correlation length measurements. For the two kinds of YIG filter in use, the minimum frequency separation between two ECE channels that could be achieved was established measuring the correlation coefficient between the respective radiation noises. Finally, by modelling the ECE radiometer taking into account the antenna radiation pattern and the vertical position of the ECE beam relative to the plasma centre we improved the data analysis tools, thus giving a better determination of the phase radial structure of ECE oscillations. The poloidal structure of MHD modes can then be identified from ECE data and, for off axis ECE lines of sight, the direction of the plasma rotation can also be determined. This method allows identifying the occurrence of an inverse cascade of electron fishbone modes ranging from m/n=4/4 to 1/1 (m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively) which appears in lower hybrid current drive plasmas.

Published
2012
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6. Exploratory risk analysis of ITER Cask et Plug Remote Handling System

Author

van Houtte, D., Claisse, A., Elbeze, D., Friconneau, Jp., Lacroix, C., Le Loirec, C., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ITER organization (ITER), and CADARACHE, Bibliothèque

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], CPRHS, risk analysis, availability, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], FMECA
Abstract

International audience; An exploratory risk analysis of ITER Cask et Plug Remote Handling System (CPRHS) has been performed while using an approach integrating all dimensions to be considered when the CPRHS is in various operational states with the associated possible loads.A Functional Breakdown Structure was developed from the 4 main functions to be fulfilled by the CPRHS to dock, to handle, to transport and to confine. During maintenance operations, various operating states and locations were defined. In regard to the safety function, to confine, specific configurations were considered to capture all relevant loading cases.A Failure Mode Effects et Criticality Analysis could then be made by identifying potential failures of all basic functions to be fulfilled by CPRHS during the maintenance of a Diagnostic Port Plug (PP) and quantifying them in terms of Criticality (C) defined as the product of the failure Occurrence (O) and Severity (S). The Severity rating scale was related to unavailability of the function due to both technical and safety issues.Specific analyses of docking operations in the different cells and traveling in different rooms while taking into account the safety constraints were made leading to recommend actions for mitigating the failures having the highest criticality levels. CPRHS availability and operations time were estimated while considering the impact of the failure modes and the benefit of mitigation actions.In order to statistically estimate the duration of repairing, the failure modes of CPRHS basic functions were introduced in the schedule Primavera Risk Analysis software which uses a probabilistic Monte Carlo approach. The failure modes were considered as task dependent activities with a duration equal to Mean Time To repair (MTTR) and an existence likelihood equal to the product et61548; x DC where et61548; is the failure rate and DC is the Duty Cycle of the failed basic function.

Published
2018

7. Dependability assessment of ITER cask et plug remote handling system during nuclear maintenance operations

Author

van Houtte, D., Elbeze, D., Friconneau, Jp., Lacroix, C., Le Loirec, C., Soldaini, M., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ITER organization (ITER), and CADARACHE, Bibliothèque

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], ITER Cask Maintenance Hot cell RAMI Port plug, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]
Abstract

International audience; Since the ITER Casks will be not shielded, human access will be forbidden in trajectory zones and, in the event of failure of Cask and Plug Remote Handling System (CPRHS) functions, rescue operations will have to be remotely conducted. As potential failure modes could be severe in terms of time to repair, an inventory of CPRHS function outages and a risk analysis have been made at each stage of a diagnostic port plug maintenance process. CPRHS availability has been calculated in the framework of a RAMI analysis and the resulting time to perform the CPRHS operations for the maintenance of 2 Equatorial Port Plugs (EPP) has been confirmed by using a probabilistic Monte Carlo approach.

Published
2018

8. Progresses on WEST Platform Construction towards First Plasmas

Author

Bucalossi, J., Missirlian, M., Moreau, P., Samaille, F., Tsitrone, E., Alarcon, T., Antusch, S., Aumenier, M., Balme, S., Batal, T., Bernard, J., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bremond, S., Brezinsek, S., Brun, C., Bufferand, H., Camenen, Y., Cantone, B., Chantant, M., Chernyshova, M., Ciraolo, G., Colledani, G., Colnel, J., Corbel, E., Corre, Y., Courtois, X., Daniel, R., Daudel, T., Dejarnac, R., Delmas, E., Delpech, L., Desgranges, C., Doceul, L., Douai, D., Dougnac, H., Ekedahl, A., Elbeze, D., Escarguel, A., Escourbiac, F., Ezato, K., Faisse, F., Fenzi, C., Ferlay, F., Firdaouss, M., Gardarein, J., Gargiulo, L., Gaspar, J., Gavila, P., Gazzotti, S., Giacalone, J., Gil, C., Grigore, E., Guilhem, D., Gunn, J., Hakola, A., Hatchressian, J., Helou, W., Hennequin, P., Hernandez, C., Houry, M., Jouve, M., Klepper, C., Laffont, G., Languille, P., Larroque, S., Li, Q., Linke, J., Lipa, M., Lotte, P., Luo, G., Marandet, Y., Martin, C., Martinez, A., Mazon, D., Meyer, O., Mollard, P., Nardon, E., Nouailletas, R., Park, H., Pascal, J., Pegourie, B., Pitts, R., Pocheau, C., Poli, S., Ravenel, N., Riccardi, B., Richou, M., Rieth, M., Roche, H., Ruset, C., Sabathier, F., Saille, A., Saint-Laurent, F., Santraine, B., Seki, Y., Sestak, D., Signoret, J., Soler, B., Suzuki, S., Thouvenin, D., Toulouse, L., Travere, J., Treutterer, W., Vartanian, S., Verger, J., Vermare, L., Vignal, N., Wang, Y., Werner, A., Yang, Q., Zago, B., Zhao, W., Zhong, G., and WEST Team

Published
2018

10. Transfer Cask, a key System for Nuclear Maintenanceand Operational Availability of Iter

Author

Van Houtte, D., Elbeze, D., Friconneau, Jp., Garnier, R., Lacroix, C., Le Gouill, J., Le Loirec, C., Soldaini, M., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ITER organization (ITER), Département Imagerie et Simulation pour le Contrôle (DISC), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
Risk, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Maintenance, Nuclear, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], RAMI, Cask, Plug
Abstract

International audience; The operational availability of Iter is strongly dependent on the duration of the maintenance of internal components as divertor cassettes, blanket modules or plugs (diagnostics, heating systems). These plasma facing components will be highly activated by neutrons and/or contaminated with tritium so will have to be moved using the Cask and Plug Remote Handling System (CPRHS) from/to Port Cell (PC) to/from Hot Cell (HC) to be repaired or replaced. The Casks being not shielded, human access will be forbidden in the trajectory zones and, in the event of a failure of CPRHS functions, all rescue operations will have to be remotely conducted.The Iter maintenance systems shall be able of processing, in a six-month maintenance period, several tasks in both parallel and series. The time to perform online CPRHS operations for 2 equatorial plugs maintenance has been estimated at half of the total time allocated to the long term maintenance activities. The remaining time for PC preparation and cleaning, refurbishment and testing of 2 plugs in HC might be too short especially as the duration of online operations has been estimated assuming 100% availability of CPRHS and without taking into account all the regulatory operations (control, test) to do because of the nuclear environment.Insofar as the potential failure modes of CPRHS functions could be severe in terms of time to repair, an inventory of function outages and an analysis of conventional and nuclear risks have been made at each stage of the diagnostic plug maintenance process using CPRHS. Finally, based on the probability of occurrence of abnormal events and the estimated time for potential rescue operations, the CPRHS availability (RAMI approach) and the duration for the transfer of a plug using a probabilistic approach (Monte Carlo analysis) have been assessed to verify that the time for maintaining two diagnostic plugs is in line with the Iter operational availability requirement.

Published
2017

11. Heat and Particle Transport Experiments in Tore Supra and HL-2A with ECRH and SMBI

Author

Zou, X. L., Song, S., Giruzzi, G., Garbet, X., Honoré, Cyrille, Ségui, J.-L., Elbeze, D., Clairet, F., Sabot, R., Bucalossi, J., Hennequin, Pascale, Lenholm, M., Magne, R., Tore Supra, Team, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2009

12. TORE SUPRA Team Mmembers 1988-2008

Author

Abgrall, R., Achard, M.H., Adam, J., Agarici, G., Agostini, E., Airaj, M., Albajar-Vinas, F., Allegretti, L., Allibert, J.P., Alliez, J.C., Allouche, A., Andreoletti, J., Ane, J.M., Angelino, P., Aniel, T., Antar, G., Arcis, N., Argouarch, A., Arnas, C., Arnoux, G., Arslanbekov, R., Artaud, J.F., Asp, E., Assas, S., Atttuel, G., Aymar, R., Azeroual, A., Balme, S., Barana, O., Bareyt, B., Basiuk, V., Basko, M., Bayetti, P., Baylor, L., Beaumont, B., Becherer, R., Becoulet, A., Becoulet, M., Begrambekov, L., Benkadda, S., Benoit, F., Bergeaud, V., Berger-By, G., Berio, S., Bernascolle, P., Bernier, N., Berroukeche, M., Bertrand, B., Bessette, D., Beyer, P., Bibet, P., Bizzaro, J., Blanchard, P., Blum, J., Boddeker, S., Boilson, D., Mardion, G.B., Bonnel, P., Bonnin, X., Boscary, J., Bosia, G., Bottereau, J.M., Bottiglioni, F., Bottollier-Curtet, H., Bouchand, C., Bouligand, G., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bregeon, R., Bremond, F., Bremond, S., Breton, C., Breton, M., Brosset, C., Brugnetti, R., Bruneau, J.L., Bucalossi, J., Budny, R.V., Buravand, Y., Bush, C., Bussac, M.N., Cambe, A., Capes, H., Capitain, J.J., Cara, P., Carbonnier, J.L., Carpentier, S., Carrasco, J., Casati, A., Chaibi, O., Chamouard, C., Chantant, M., Chappuis, P., Chatain, D., Chatelier, E., Chatelier, M., Chatenet, J.H., Chen, X.P., Cherigier, L., Chevet, G., Chiarazzo, L., Ciazynski, D., Ciraolo, G., Cismondi, F., Clairet, F., Clary, J., Clement, C., Colas, L., Commaux, N., Corbel, E., Cordier, J.J., Corre, Y., Costanzo, L., Cote, A., Coulon, J.P., Courtois, L., Courtois, X., Couturier, B., Crenn, J.P., Cristofani, P., Crouseilles, N., Czarny, O., Rosa, P.D., Darbos, C., Darmet, G., Davi, M., Daviot, R., De Esch, H., De Gentile, B., De Haas, J.C., De La Cal, E., De Michelis, C., Deck, C., Decker, J., Decool, P., Degond, P., Dejarnac, R., Delchambre, E., Delmas, E., Delpech, L., Demarthe, H., Dentan, M., Depret, G., Deschamps, P., Desgranges, C., Devynck, P., Doceul, L., Dolgetta, N., Doloc, C., Dong, Y., Dore, P., Douai, D., Dougnac, H., Drawin, H.W., Druaux, J., Druetta, M., Dubois, F., Dubois, M., Dubuit, N., Duchateau, J.L., de Wit, T.D., Dufour, E., Dumont, R., Dunand, G., Dupas, L., Duran, Y., Durocher, A., Edery, D., Ekedahl, A., Elbeze, D., Eriksson, L.G., Escande, D., Escarguel, A., Escourbiac, F., Evans, T., Faisse, F., Falchetto, G., Fall, T., Farge, M., Farjon, J.L., Faudot, E., Fazilleau, P., Fedorczak, N., Fenzi-Bonizec, C., Ferron, J.R., Fidone, I., Figarella, C., Fleurence, E., Fleury, I., Fois, M., Forrest, C., Foster, C.A., Fouquet, S., Fourment, C., Fraboulet, D., Francois, P., Franel, B., Frigione, D., Froissard, P., Fubiani, G., Fuchs, V., Fumelli, M., Gagey, B., Galindo, V., Gambier, D., Garampon, L., Garbet, X., Garbil, R., Garcia, J., Gardarein, J.L., Gargiulo, L., Garibaldi, P., Garin, P., Gauthier, E., Geraud, A., Gerbaud, T., Gervais, F., Geynet, M., Ghendrih, P., Gianakon, T., Giannella, R., Gil, C., Girard, J.P., Giruzzi, G., Godbert-Mouret, L., Gomez, P., Goniche, M., Gordeev, A., Granata, G., Grandgirard, V., Gravier, R., Gravil, B., Gregoire, M., Gregoire, S., Grelot, P., Gresillon, D., Grisolia, C., Gros, G., Grosman, A., Grua, P., Guerin, O., Guigon, R., Guilhem, D., Guillerminet, B., Guirlet, R., Guiziou, L., Gunn, J., Hacquin, S., Harris, J., Haste, G., Hatchressian, J.C., Hemsworth, R., Hennequin, P., Hennion, F., Hennion, V., Henry, D., Hernandez, C., Hertout, P., Hess, W., Hesse, M., Heuraux, S., Hillairet, J., Hoang, G.T., Hogan, J., Hong, S.H., Honore, C., Horton, L., Horton, W.W., Houlberg, W.A., Hourtoule, J., Houry, M., Houy, P., How, J., Hron, M., Hutter, T., Huynh, P., Huysmans, G., Idmtal, J., Imbeaux, F., Isler, R., Jaben, C., Jacquinot, J., Jacquot, C., Jager, B., Jaunet, M., Javon, C., Jelea, A., Jequier, F., Jie, Y.X., Jimenez, R., Joffrin, E., Johner, J., Jourd'heuil, L., Y. Journeaux, J, Joyer, P., Ju, M., Jullien, F., Junique, F., Kaye, S.M., Kazarian, F., Khodja, H., Klepper, C., Kocan, M., Koski, J., Krivenski, V., Krylov, A., Kupfer, K., Kuus, H., Labit, B., Laborde, L., Lacroix, B., Ladurelle, L., Lafon, D., Lamaison, V., Laporte, P., Lasalle, J., Latu, G., Laugier, F., Laurent, L., Lausenaz, Y., Laviron, C., Layet, J.M., Le Bris, A., Le Coz, F., Le Niliot, C., Leclert, G., Lecoustey, P., Ledyankinc, A., Leloup, C., Lennholm, M., Leroux, F., Y. Li, Y, Libeyre, P., Linez, F., Lipa, M., Lippmann, S., Litaudon, X., Liu, W.D., Loarer, T., Lott, F., Lotte, P., Lowry, C., Luciani, J.F., Lutjens, H., Luty, J., Lutz, T., Lyraud, C., Maas, A., Macor, A., Madeleine, S., Magaud, P., Maget, P., Magne, R., Mahdavi, A., Mahe, F., Mailloux, J., Mandl, W., Manenc, L., Marandet, Y., Marbach, G., Marechal, J.L., Martin, C., Martin, G., Martin, V., Martinez, A., Martins, J.P., Maschke, E., Masse, L., Masset, R., Massmann, P., Mattioli, M., Mayaux, G., Mayoral, M.L., Mazon, D., McGrath, R., Mercier, C., Meslin, B., Meunier, L., Meyer, O., Michelot, Y., Million, L., Millot, P., Minguella, G., Minot, F., Mioduszewski, P., Misguich, J.H., Miskane, F., Missirlian, M., Mitteau, R., Moerel, F., Mollard, P., Monakhov, I., Moncada, V., Moncel, L., Monier-Garbet, P., Moreau, D., Moreau, F., Moreau, P., Morera, J.P., Moret, J.M., Moulin, B., Moulin, D., Mourgues, F., Moustier, M., Nakach, R., Nannini, M., Nanobashvili, I., Nardon, E., Navarra, P., Nehme, H., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, F., Nicollet, S., Nygren, R., Ogorodnikova, O., Olivain, J., Orlandelli, P., Ottaviani, M., Ouvrier-Buffet, P., Ouyang, Z., Owen, L., Pacella, D., Pain, M., Pamela, J., Pamela, S., Panek, R., Panzarella, A., Paris, R., Parisot, T., Park, S.H., Parlange, F., Parrat, H., Pastor, G., Pastor, P., Pastor, T., Patris, R., Paume, M., Payan, J., Pecquet, A.L., Pegourie, B., Petrov, Y., Petrzilka, V., Peysson, Y., Piat, D., Picchiottino, J.M., Pierre, J., Platz, P., Portafaix, C., Prou, M., Pugno, R., Putchy, L., Qin, C.M., Quallis, L., Quemeneur, A., Quet, P., Rabaglino, E., Raharijaona, J.J., Ramette, J., Ravenel, N., Rax, J.M., Reichle, R., Renard, B., Renner, H., Reuss, J.D., Reux, C., Reverdin, C., Rey, G., Reynaud, P., Riband, P.H., Richou, M., Rigollet, F., Rimini, F., Riquet, D., Rochard, F., Rodriguez, L., Romanelli, M., Romannikov, A., Rosanvallon, S., Roth, J., Rothan, B., Roubin, J.P., Roubin, P., Roupillard, G., Roussel, P., Ruggieri, R., Sabathier, F., Sabbagh, S.A., Sabot, R., Saha, S.K., Saint-Laurent, F., Salasca, S., Salmon, T., Salvador, J., Samaille, F., Samain, A., Santagiustina, A., Saoutic, B., Sarazin, Y., Schild, T., Schlosser, J., Schneider, M., Schneider, K., Schunke, B., Schwander, F., Schwob, J.L., Sebelin, E., Segui, J.L., Seigneur, A., Shepard, T., Shigin, P., Signoret, J., Simoncini, J., Simonet, F., Simonin, A., Sirinelli, A., Sledziewski, Z., Smits, F., Soler, K., Sonato, P.G., Song, S.D., Sonnendrucker, E., Sourd, F., Spitz, P., Spuig, P., Stamm, R., Stephan, Y., Stirling, W., Stockel, J., Stott, P., Sthal, K.S., Surle, F., Svensson, L., Tachon, J., Talvard, M., Tamain, P., Tavian, L., Tena, M., Theis, J.M., Thomas, C.E., Thomas, P., Thonnat, M., Tobin, S., Tokar, M., Tonon, G., Torossian, A., Torre, A., Trainham, R.C., Travere, J.M., Tresset, G., Trier, E., Truc, A., Tsitrone, E., Turck, B., Turco, F., Turlur, S., Uckan, T., Udintsev, V., Urguijo, G., Utzel, N., Vallet, J.C., Valter, J., Van Houtte, D., Van Rompuy, T., Vatry, A., Verga, A., Vermare, L., Vezard, D., Viallet, H., Villecroze, F., Villedieu, E., Villegas, D., Vincent, E., Voitsekovitch, I., von Hellermann, M., Voslamber, D., Voyer, D., Vulliez, K., Wachter, C., Wagner, T., Waller, V., Wang, G., Wang, Z., Watkins, J., Weisse, J., White, R., Wijnands, T., Witrant, E., Worms, J., Xiao, W., Yu, D., Zabeo, L., Zabiego, M., Zani, L., Zhuang, G., Zou, X.L., Zucchi, E., Zunino, K., and Zwingmann, W.

Published
2009

13. Scaling confinement in the ITPA L-mode database with dimensionless variables

Author

Elbeze, D., Greenwald, M., Snipes, J., Sugiyama, L., Kus, A., Ryter, F., Stober, J., DeBoo, J., Petty, C., Bracco, G., Romanelli, M., Cui, Z., Liu, Y., Kardaun, O., Thomsen, K., Kamada, Y., Miura, Y., Shinohara, K., Takizuka, T., Tsuzuki, K., Urano, H., Bush, C., Kaye, S., Aniel, T., Hoang, G., Imbeaux, F., Hogewei, D., Martin, Y., Cote, A., Pacher, G., Ongena, J., Akers, R., Brickley, C., Cordey, J., McDonald, D., Sykes, A., Valovic, M., Walsh, M., Lebedev, S., Chudnovskiy, A., and Leonov, V.

Published
2005

14. Integrated scenario in JET using real-time profile control

Author

Joffrin, E., Crisanti, F., Felton, R., Litaudon, X., Mazon, D., Moreau, D., Zabeo, L., Albanese, R., Ariola, M., Alves, D., Barana, O., Basiuk, V., Bécoulet, A., Bécoulet, M., Blum, J., Bolzonnella, T., Bosak, K., Chareau, J. M., Baar, M., La Luna, E., Vries, P., Dumortier, P., Elbeze, D., Farthing, J., Fernandes, H., Fenzi, C., Giannella, R., Guenther, K., Harling, J., Hawkes, N., Hender, T. C., Howell, D. F., Heesterman, P., Imbeaux, F., Innocente, P., Laborde, L., Lloyd, G., Lomas, P. J., Mcdonald, D. C., Mailloux, J., Mantsinen, M., Messiaen, A., Murari, A., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Pericoli-Ridolfini, V., Riva, M., Sanchez, J., Filippo sartori, Sauter, O., Sips, A. C. C., Tala, T., Tuccillo, A., Ester, D., Zastrow, K. -D, and Zerbini, M.

Subjects
Nuclear Energy and Engineering, JET, ITER, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

The recent development of real-time measurements and control tools in JET has enhanced the reliability and reproducibility of the relevant ITER scenarios. Diagnostics such as charge exchange, interfero-polarimetry, electron cyclotron emission have been upgraded for real-time measurements. In addition, real-time processes like magnetic equilibrium and q profile reconstruction have been developed and applied successfully in real-time q profile control experiments using model based control techniques. Plasma operation and control against magnetohydrodynamic instabilities are also benefiting from these new systems. The experience gained at JET in the field of real-time measurement and control experiments operation constitutes a very useful basis for the future operation of ITER scenarios.

Published
2003

15. Study of high frequency MHD modes from ECE radiometer in Tore Supra.

Author

Elbeze, D., Guimarães-Filho, Z. O., Molina, D., Ségui, J. -L., Benkadda, S., Dubuit, N., Garbet, X., and Sabot, R.

Subjects
*ELECTRON cyclotron resonance sources, *CYCLOTRONS, *MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS, *RADIATION, *ELECTRONIC noise, *PLASMA gases
Abstract

Tore Supra ECE diagnostic has been recently upgraded to study MHD modes driven by energetic particles up to 400 kHz. To improve the measurement sensitivity, the ECE signals of the 32 channels radiometer were amplified just below the saturation limit and sources of noise were investigated in order to keep it as low as possible. With such an improvement, fast particle driven modes with frequencies up to 200 kHz were detected. A 4-channel correlation ECE system using YIG filters with tuneable frequency was also installed. It allows fine radial scans of MHD modes and correlation length measurements. For the two kinds of YIG filter in use, the minimum frequency separation between two ECE channels that could be achieved was established measuring the correlation coefficient between the respective radiation noises. Finally, by modelling the ECE radiometer taking into account the antenna radiation pattern and the vertical position of the ECE beam relative to the plasma centre we improved the data analysis tools, thus giving a better determination of the phase radial structure of ECE oscillations. The poloidal structure of MHD modes can then be identified from ECE data and, for off axis ECE lines of sight, the direction of the plasma rotation can also be determined. This method allows identifying the occurrence of an inverse cascade of electron fishbone modes ranging from m/n=4/4 to 1/1 (m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively) which appears in lower hybrid current drive plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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16. Compact ECEI system with in-vessel reflective optics for WEST.

Author

Nam, Y. B., Park, H. K., Lee, W., Yun, G. S., Kim, M., Sabot, R., Elbeze, D., Lotte, P., and Shen, J.

Subjects
TOKAMAKS, FUSION reactors, ELECTRON cyclotron resonance heating, ELECTRON cyclotron resonance sources, POLOIDAL magnetic fields
Abstract

An electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) diagnostic system for WEST (W Environment for Steady state Tokamak) is under development to study the MHD instabilities affected by tungsten impurities. The system will provide 2-D Te fluctuation images (width × height = ~18 cm × ~34 cm at low field side and ~13 cm × ~39 cm at high field side) from a poloidal cross section with high spatial (≤1.7 cm) and temporal (≤2 μs) resolutions. While the key concept and electronic structure are similar to that of prior ECEI systems on other tokamak devices such as KSTAR, DIII-D, or ASDEX-U, part of the imaging optics have to be placed inside the vacuum vessel in order to resolve issues on limited installation space and longer beam path to the detector position. The in-vessel optics consisting of two large curvature-radius mirrors are expected to withstand the extreme heating on long-pulse operation scenario (~1000 s). The out-vessel optical housing is constructed as compact as possible to remove easily from the installation site in case of necessity. Commissioning of the system is scheduled on the second experimental WEST campaign end of 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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17. Real time data acquisition system for control and long pulse operation in tore supra.

Author

Moulin, D., Couturier, B., Ducobu, L., Elbeze, D., Gagey, B., Guillerminet, B., LeLuyer, M., and Rothan, B.

Subjects
PLASMA confinement, NUCLEAR physics
Abstract

Presents information pertaining to tore supra acquisition system which is used for plasma control and long pulse operation. What the system is based on; Implementation of the different functions of a data acquisition and control system; Information on the Rtworks communication; Reference to the features of the system.

Published
1998
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19. Co- and counter-current rotation in Tore Supra lower hybrid current drive plasmas.

Author

Chouli, B, Fenzi, C, Garbet, X, Bourdelle, C, Decker, J, Aniel, T, Artaud, J-F, Basiuk, V, Clairet, F, Colledani, G, Dumont, R, Elbeze, D, Gil, C, Lotte, P, Sarazin, Y, and Team, the Tore Supra

Subjects
TOROIDAL plasma, PLASMA gases, RADIO frequency, RADIO waves, LOCALIZED modes, PLASMA physics
Abstract

Observations of lower hybrid (LH) radio frequency heating effects on toroidal plasma rotation in L-mode Tore Supra plasmas are reported. A database of more than 50 plasma discharges has been analysed. Core rotation is found to increment in co- or counter-current direction depending on the plasma current (Ip). At low plasma current, the induced rotation is up to +15 km s−1 in the co-current direction, the rotation profile being affected over the whole plasma minor radius. At higher plasma current, an opposite trend is observed, the core plasma rotation incrementing up to −15 km s−1 in the counter-current direction, the profile being affected up to r/a < 0.6 only. At the zero crossing point, which is defined when the plasma rotation profile is not affected by LH power injection, Ip ∼ 0.95 MA. In both low and high Ip cases, rotation increments are found to increase with the injected power. Several mechanisms in competition which can induce co- or counter-current rotation in Tore Supra LHCD plasmas are investigated and typical order of magnitude are discussed. How those effects evolve with plasma parameters and how they compete are important issues addressed in this paper. Rotation increment increase with Ip at fixed LH power is consistent with a dominant standard momentum confinement mechanism related to Ip increase. The co-current change in rotation is consistent with a fast electron ripple loss mechanism, while thermal ripple induced neoclassical friction and absorbed LH wave momentum from resonant electrons are expected to influence the rotation in the counter-current direction. Finally, the numerical simulations show that the radial turbulent momentum transport does impact the rotation behaviour inducing increment in co- or counter-current directions, depending on the plasma current amplitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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20. Design of the reflective optics for Tore Supra ECEI system.

Author

Nam, Y., Lee, W., Yun, G. S., Park, H. K., Elbeze, D., Segui, J. L., Sabot, R., and Chenevoix, J. P.

Subjects
REFLECTANCE spectroscopy, ELECTRON cyclotron resonance sources, MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS, PLASMA confinement, GAUSSIAN beams, SIMULATION methods & models
Abstract

A 2D electron cyclotron emission (ECE) imaging system for Tore Supra is under design for studying the MHD physics of the magnetically confined plasma such as sawteeth, tearing modes, and turbulent fluctuations. Complex beam path due to the tight access in Tore Supra led to the design of reflective optics made of 6 or more large cylindrical/flat mirrors. The total path length of the ECE beam is about 11 m, including almost 4 m inside the vacuum vessel. The imaging property of the optics has been estimated using the Gaussian beam simulation and ray transfer analysis. The possible setups for the optical alignment of the diagnostic and the operation scenarios with single- or dual-array measurement system are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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21. Electron fishbones in FTU and Tore Supra tokamaks.

Author

Guimarães-Filho, Z. O., Benkadda, S., Elbeze, D., Botrugno, A., Buratti, P., Calabrò, G., Decker, J., Dubuit, N., Garbet, X., Maget, P., Merle, A., Pucella, G., Sabot, R., Tuccillo, A. A., and Zonca, F.

Subjects
TOKAMAKS, PLASMA gases, MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC instabilities, FISHBONE instability, COMPARATIVE studies, ELECTRON temperature, ELECTRON-electron interactions
Abstract

This work presents a comparative study of the experimental observation of MHD instabilities identified as electron fishbone-like modes that appear in plasmas with lower hybrid current drive in FTU and Tore Supra tokamaks. Initially, the mode-induced electronic temperature oscillations measured by electron cyclotron emission were used to study the evolutions of the frequency and position of these modes. In FTU, where fishbones with and without bursting behaviour are observed, it was found that the evolutions of the mode position and frequency follow opposite trend in the two regimes. In Tore Supra, where abrupt changes between modes with different mode structures are often observed, it was found that the mode position evolves continuously and the wavenumbers follow an inverse cascade starting from an m/n = 4/4 mode and finishing in an 1/1 mode. In a second step, the energy of resonant electrons was estimated from the resonant condition of the precession drift frequency. It was found that in Tore Supra the resonant condition does not change during the frequency jumps. The relevance of the correction due to the pitch angle of the resonant electrons and the possible role of the energetic passing particles in the drive of these modes are discussed from the results obtained in both machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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23. Redistribution of suprathermal electrons due to fishbone frequency jumps.

Author

Macor A, Goniche M, Artaud JF, Decker J, Elbeze D, Garbet X, Giruzzi G, Hoang GT, Maget P, Mazon D, Molina D, Nguyen C, Peysson Y, Sabot R, and Ségui JL

Abstract

MHD instabilities driven by fast electrons identified as fishbonelike modes have been detected on Tore Supra during lower hybrid current drive discharges. Direct experimental evidence is reported of a novel feature: the regular redistribution of suprathermal electrons toward external tokamak regions which are correlated to periodic mode frequency jumps. Sharp drops of the electron temperature time trace are factually linked to the cyclical deterioration of the fast electron confinement.

Published
2009
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