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Summer camps are widespread in many countries and have a long history. Their contribution to children's and young people's leisure and recreation is widely acknowledged, as is their usefulness as an educational resource. That large numbers of children and young people across Europe attend summer camps is well-known; according to Eurofound (2020), most of the twenty-seven countries analyzed record student attendance at camps, and in twelve countries (including Spain) over 50% of young people take part. However, another study carried out in the member countries of the European Union (Plantenga & Remery, 2017) stated that when the availability, use, and quality of this service was assessed, it was seen that out-of-school services lacked structure and quality. Despite being an especially important and relevant topic in political discourses and international organizations, most countries do not define the service clearly and precisely (OECD, 2011). According to Eurofound (2020), many European states centralize their planning of educational leisure at national level, including the laws and decrees that underpin how these activities are organized. But camps are implemented locally, and municipalities play a significant role in designing and providing this leisure activity, both during the year and during holiday periods. Coinciding with previous publications (Eurofound, 2007), the formula for success was to be found in public-sector support, community involvement, integration between services and spaces, and the inclusion of minorities.

Objective: Our objective was to examine the perceptions regarding the teaching and learning of English of students in 16 undergraduate programs at a state public university in Mexico. Method: In our qualitative case study, participating students responded to queries about their experiences learning English at the university, as well as their educational aspirations upon completion of their university studies. Results: Despite their relevance to language immersion and competency, students struggle to combine prior experiences with current learning. Given Mexico's English education system and past national initiatives, most participants say they still speak basic English. It is also clear that the institution does not have a unified curriculum that permits students to take English lessons in their subject of study. Implication for Theory and/or Practice: It is necessary to articulate English initiatives from elementary to higher education and to monitor national initiatives to ensure continuity in the development of language learning. Global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have affected education, and universities and their teachers must remain on the cutting edge of educational technologies and instructional methodologies and redouble efforts to enhance English teaching and learning.

This article analyzes the "cuir" identity of an EFL student-teacher within the context of his pedagogical practicum. We adopt the term "cuir" as an analytical category to explore how notions of teacher identity and language pedagogy are mutually constructed. The paper challenges the traditional language pedagogy paradigm and its binary-disciplinary and heterosexist constructions of standardization. The findings documented that the construction of "cuir" emerges from the experiences in the body in oppressive situations. Also, a "cuir" identity is sometimes not risked on certain occasions and, in others, is enacted in transgressive ways through pedagogical practices. This study discusses how the "cuir" can be articulated with education, traditionally seen as a locus for normalization, dis-gendering, and dis-embodiment.

This article provides an overview of how student-teachers and the pedagogical practicum are conceived in the Colombian English language teaching field. The study reviewed 72 articles in three levels of analysis: extraction of corresponding knowledge, epistemic review, and concatenation of emergent insights. The analysis reveals that student-teachers are conceived as subjects with principles, values, beliefs, responsibilities, and knowledge. Meanwhile, the pedagogical practicum is an academic space, process, and experience constituted by purposes, practical knowledge, and building relationships. This literature review mainly contributes to the field as an invitation to continue revising the foundations of the pedagogical practicum and the kind of student-teachers that this space may develop.

This paper examines the utility of virtual simulation as an inclusive learning activity. Using a framework derived from literature, the Virtual Simulated International Placements (VSIP) were developed, and we explored the experiences of learners and facilitators to identify the pedagogical practices that they adopted during the learning activities with an approach inspired by phenomenography. Data from focus groups with 6 learners and 6 facilitators who participated in the VSIP were analysed along with 64 survey responses from learner participants. The findings of the study indicate there were three key concepts of the virtual simulation which supported inclusive learning environments. Overall, the participants' reflections indicated that the VSIP offered an accessible and usable way to engage in international placements that supported a personalised learning journey. Finally, the findings suggested VSIP should incorporate a diverse range of perspectives, backgrounds, and experiences to create and promote an inclusive learning environment. Further research can explore if these activities create a greater acceptance of different peoples' perspectives and cultures as well as impact stereotypes and biases. In addition, key concepts that made this teaching and learning activity inclusive could aid future investigation into how and why virtual simulations can be inclusive.

This research article presents a study on teacher-educator interactional identities in English language education. The study extends conversation analysis by doing co-analysis and member-checking with three participating teacher-educators to analyze the enactment of their interactional identities in language-based and content-based classes in three different undergraduate programs in English language education. Findings discuss the presence of multiple interactional identities composed of varied forms of being and doing as interactants in the occurring organizations of classroom interaction. These findings highlight the relevance of studying teacher-educator interactional identities to explain how English language education occurs during classroom interaction.

Identity matters in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) because it can affect an individual's long-term sense of belonging, which may in turn affect their persistence in STEMM. Early K-12 science classes often teach students about the foundational discoveries of the field, which have been predominately made, or at least published, by White men. This homogeneity can leave underrepresented individuals in STEMM feeling isolated, and underrepresented K-12 students may feel as though they cannot enter STEMM fields. This study aimed to examine these feelings of inclusivity in STEMM through an interactive workshop that asked middle schoolers to identify scientists from images of individuals with various racial and gender identities. We found that a plurality of students had a positive experience discussing diversity in science and recognizing underrepresented individuals as scientists.

Resting-state alpha brain rhythms provide a foundation for basic as well as higher-order brain processes. Research suggests atypical maturation of the peak frequency of resting-state alpha activity (= PAF) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined resting-state alpha activity in young school-aged children, obtaining magnetoencephalographic (MEG) eyes-closed resting-state data from 47 typically developing (TD) males and 45 ASD males 6.0 to 9.3 years old. Results confirmed a higher PAF in ASD versus TD, and demonstrated that alpha power differences between groups were linked to the shift of PAF in ASD. Additionally, a higher PAF was associated with better cognitive performance in TD but not ASD. Finding thus suggested functional consequences of group differences in resting-state alpha activity.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae species complex (CdSC; also called cornyebacteria of the diphtheriae species complex) include Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans, 2 potentially toxigenic and highly pathogenic species for humans (1). Human [...]

Speaking proficiency has special value anywhere in the world. It needs to be possessed by every individual to bring change to society. This clenches the amplified direction of the current study, where its primary objective is to assess the speaking skills of the SHS-HUMMS students of the DNHS. This study envisioned identifying the speaking factors in terms of grammar, vocabulary, aspects of discourse, pronunciation, and interaction. It utilizes the quanti correlational descriptive method, which uses the purposive sampling procedure. Standardized rubrics for speaking skills were utilized, tabulated, and interpreted using the appropriate tools. This was further validated by the concurrent opinions of two language experts in the area of linguistics. Overall, the findings revealed a speaking peculiarity in proficiency. This surfaced after the data were treated with statistical measures using frequency and percentage, Kruskal-Wallis H-value for pairwise comparison, ANOVA, and Shapiro-Wilk for multi-variant normality. This was explained using a contingency table. Furthermore, the results showed no significant difference between the levels of indicators affecting speaking skills. Two factors that affected the respondents' speaking skills, however, were pronunciation and interaction. Overall, an intervention program was put in place in order to address the speaking problem of the respondents.

As agricultural education propels itself into the 21st century, a focus on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has been prioritized. While STEM integration has been held in high regard, many employers claim that students lack the necessary STEM-based skills to be successful in an entry-level position. In addition, STEM achievement of agricultural education students has not been consistent. This study aimed to ascertain the perceptions of Alabama and Georgia CTE administrators employed in school districts with agricultural education programs on the importance of integrating individual STEM skills into Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resource (AFNR) pathways. In this descriptive correlational study, 129 CTE administrators were emailed a survey through Qualtrics to rate 62 STEM-based AFNR standards using a five-point Likert-type scale. Results of the study suggested that most CTE administrators valued all assessed STEM-based AFNR standards as Very Important or Extremely Important. A mixed model was used to determine any statistical differences in importance ratings between Alabama and Georgia and among pathway scores. AFNR pathways with the highest importance ratings included the Animal Science Pathway, Plant Systems Pathway, and the Food Products and Processing Pathway. AFNR pathways with the lowest ratings included the Power, Structural, and Technical systems pathway and the Biotechnology pathway. No statistical differences were found between states, suggesting consistency between CTE administrators in these two states. These results suggested that CTE administrators value STEM and that agricultural educators should ensure STEM is integrated into their course curriculum. [Note: The page range (23-39) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 40-57.]