Search

El cuy es un mamífero oriundo del Perú, Bolivia, Ecuador y Colombia, posee un ciclo de reproducción corto, fácil manejo, y sin una alimentación exigente; puede ser la especie más económica para la producción de carne de alto valor nutritivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto del ácido ascórbico en cuyes con exclusión de forraje sobre los parámetros productivos en etapa de acabado. Se emplearon 32 cuyes mejorados, 16 cuyes machos y 16 cuyes hembras (31 ± 4 días de edad), fueron distribuidos al azar en 4 tratamientos con 4 repeticiones: T1: Alimento en base a balanceado + agua, T2: 300 mg de Vitamina C / 100 g de concentrado + agua, T3: 400 mg de Vitamina C / 100 g de concentrado + agua y T4: 600 mg de Vitamina C / 100 g de concentrado + agua. Los factores de estudio fueron: Factor A, el efecto del sexo (machos y hembras) y Factor B, la aplicación de vitamina C en tres niveles. Se evaluaron: ganancia de peso vivo, ganancia media diaria, alimento consumido, conversión alimenticia y beneficio/costo. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba de cuadrados medios por T-múltiple. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en las siguientes variables: en ganancia de peso vivo, para el factor sexo con un incremento de peso en machos de 354.88 g y hembras de 288.44 g; ganancia media diaria para el factor sexo, con valores en machos de 6.26 g por día en relación a las hembras que obtuvieron 5.10 g por día, en cuanto a niveles de vitamina C se observaron que los tratamientos T2, T3 y T4 (tratamientos con vitamina C) obtuvieron mayores ganancias medias de 6.15, 5.99 y 5.98 g por día; en relación al T1 con 4.60 g por día; las mejores conversiones alimenticias se presentaron en los tratamientos T4 y T3 ambos con 7.62 g g-1, seguido del T2 con 7.74 g g-1 respecto al T1 con 9.45 g g-1; en el alimento consumido no se ha detectado diferencias estadísticas entre niveles de vitamina C (p > 0.05). El T2 generó mayor utilidad en relación al beneficio/costo con un valor de 0.14 y 0.13 USD en machos y hembras, dando mayor retorno marginal donde por cada dólar invertido se obtiene 0.14 USD de ganancia neta. Se concluye que el T2 en machos y en hembras, demostró más eficiencia en la transformación de alimento con la adición de la vitamina C (ácido ascórbico).

This article provides a chronological analysis of the historical development of social studies in Ghana with a focus on the impact of international donor agencies. The influence of donor agencies on the introduction and implementation of social studies in the Ghanaian general education curriculum shows that post-colonial countries struggle with developing curriculum that is independent of colonial powers and germane to national needs. This article delves into the introduction and implementation process of social studies education highlighting five influential reforms in Ghana that happened between 1951 and 2007. This study provides an overview of Ghana's key educational reforms and the most important factors that influenced those reforms. Studying the past and present social studies education curriculum and its historical context in Ghana offers educational leaders insights and cautions to guide and inform future reforms in social studies education, ideally to avoid similar problems.

INTRODUCTION: Early failure of tibial components remains a concern in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Loss of fixation with cemented implants continues to be problematic in young, active patients. We sought to determine outcomes in patients receiving trabecular metal (TM) implants in a single-surgeon community hospital setting. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 167 consecutive primary TKAs performed on 133 patients utilizing a TM tibial implant with a minimum two years follow-up. RESULTS: Failure due to aseptic loosening occurred in 4 of the 167 cases (2.4%). Local and systemic complication rates were low. Length of hospital stay and tourniquet time data were also reported. CONCLUSION: Overall complications were low in our cohort of patients receiving TM implants. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine if the outcomes we observed are sustained over time.

Understanding the history of educational reform in Ghana--with a focus on the de-colonialization period through the 21st century--highlights the influence of donor funding. This historical study investigates through a postcolonial lens the power dynamic between international donor organizations and Ghana's leaders and citizens. While donor funding provides necessary school resources, conditions for such funding ignore cultural and economic preferences of Ghana's citizens. Emancipatory education may provide a solution to problematic influences of colonial power, further colonizing pedagogy, and ideology

Background There is a strong link between chronic stress and vulnerability to drug abuse and addiction. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is central to the stress response that contributes to continuation and relapse to heroin abuse. Chronic heroin exposure can exacerbate CRF production, leading to dysregulation of the midbrain CRF-dopamine-glutamate interaction. Methods Here we investigated the role of midbrain CRF1 receptors in heroin self-administration and assessed neuroplasticity in CRF1 receptor expression in key opioid addiction brain regions. Results Infusions of antalarmin (a CRF1 receptor antagonist) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dose dependently reduced heroin self-administration in rats but had no impact on food reinforcement or locomotor activity in rats. Using RNAscope in situ hybridization, we found that heroin, but not saline, self-administration upregulated CRF1 receptor mRNA in the VTA, particularly on dopamine neurons. AMPA GluR1 and dopamine reuptake transporter mRNA in VTA neurons were not affected by heroin. The western-blot assay showed that CRF1 receptors were upregulated in the VTA and nucleus accumbens. No significant changes in CRF1 protein expression were detected in the prefrontal cortex, insula, dorsal hippocampus, and substantia nigra. In addition, we found that 15 days of environmental enrichment implemented after heroin self-administration does not reverse upregulation of VTA CRF1 receptor mRNA but it downregulates dopamine transporter mRNA. Conclusions Overall, these data suggest that heroin self-administration requires stimulation of VTA CRF1 receptors and upregulates their expression in brain regions involved in reinforcement. Such long-lasting neuroadaptations may contribute to continuation of drug use and relapse due to stress exposure and are not easily reversed by EE exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Reward-related learning, where animals form associations between rewards and stimuli (i.e. conditioned stimuli [CS]) that predict or accompany those rewards, is an essential adaptive function for survival. Methods In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the acquisition and performance of conditioned approach learning with a focus on the role of muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) and NMDA glutamate receptors in the substantia nigra (SN), a brain region implicated in reward and motor processes. Results Using RNAscope in situ hybridization assays, we found that dopamine neurons of the SN express muscarinic (mACh5), NMDA2a, NMDA2b, and NMDA2d receptor mRNA but not mACh4. NMDA, but not mACh5, receptor mRNA was also found on SN GABA neurons. In a conditioned approach paradigm, rats were exposed to 3 or 7 conditioning sessions during which light/tone (CS) presentations were paired with delivery of food pellets, followed by a test session with CS-only presentations. Intra-SN microinjections of scopolamine (a mACh receptor antagonist) or AP-5 (a NMDA receptor antagonist) were made either prior to each conditioning session (to test their effects on acquisition) or prior to the CS-only test (to test their effects on expression of the learned response). Scopolamine and AP-5 produced dose-dependent significant reductions in the acquisition, but not performance, of conditioned approach. Conclusions These results suggest that SN mACh and NMDA receptors are key players in the acquisition, but not the expression, of reward-related learning. Importantly, these findings redefine the role of the SN, which has traditionally been known for its involvement in motor processes, and suggest that the SN possesses attributes consistent with a function as a hub of integration of primary reward and CS signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction There is a lack of distinct and measurable outcomes in psychiatric and/or mental health nursing which negatively impacts guiding clinical practice, assessing evidence-based nursing interventions, ensuring future-proof nursing education and establishing visibility as a profession and discipline. Psychiatric and/or mental health nursing struggle to demonstrate patient-reported outcomes to assess the effectiveness of their practice. A systematic review that summarising patient-reported outcomes, associated factors, measured nursing care/interventions and used measurement scales of psychiatric and/or mental health nursing in the adult population in acute, intensive and forensic psychiatric wards in hospitals will capture important information on how care can be improved by better understanding what matters and what is important to patients themselves. This review can contribute to the design, planning, delivery and assessment of the quality of current and future nursing careMethods and analysis This protocol follows the Cochrane methodological guidance on systematic reviews of interventions and The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol. The search strategy will be identified by consultations with clinical and methodological experts and by exploring the literature. The databases Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, APA PsychARTICLES, Web of Science and Scopus will be searched for all published studies. Studies will be screened and selected with criteria described in the population, intervention, control and outcomes format after a pilot test by two researchers. Studies will be screened in two stages: (1) title and abstract screening and (2) full-text screening. Data extraction and the quality assessment based on the Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines will be conducted by two researchers. Data will be presented in a narrative synthesis.Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is needed since all data are already publicly accessible. The results of this work will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023363806.

Research on antiviral agents to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 is still a concern of researchers. Many innovations have been made, one of which is coating the surface of cloth masks using photocatalyst materials. Visible light photocatalysts have been shown to have antimicrobial properties in sunlight. The study of material modification becomes important to select and optimize the supporting materials used. We observed that modifications with nano-silica particles (SiO2) have good transmission capabilities and can be produced from natural sources (biological and non-biological). Therefore, this utilization is carried out to apply the principle of zero waste, namely renewable natural sources as a source/precursor of nano-silica. In this study, we focus on renewable research related to the use of natural nano-silica as supporting material for visible light photocatalysts will be explored to be coated on polyester mask fabrics as an effort to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on the surface of the mask. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we assessed the quantity, strength, and acidity of zeolite composites comprising Silicalite-1 grown on ZSM-5 crystals using a combination of infrared (IR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The composites were created through the direct growth of Silicalite-1 crystals on ZSM-5 (P_ZSM-5), either with or without the organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) introduced into the ZSM-5 channels (samples: H_ZSM-5_Sil1 and TPA_ZSM-5_Sil1). The results revealed that Silicalite-1 grew differently when the ZSM-5 core was in the H+ form (empty pores) compared to when the OSDA was still present in the sample. This distinction was evident in the textural properties, with a decrease in the micropore surface area and an increase in the external surface area in the H_ZSM-5_Sil1 compared to the parent sample. The TPA_ZSM-5_Sil1 composite exhibited characteristics similar to the parent zeolite. These findings were further supported by 29Si NMR, which revealed a comparable local order for the parent (P_ZSM-5) and TPA_ZSM-5_Sil1 samples, along with a broadening of the Q4 peak for the H_ZSM-5_Sil1 composite. Additionally, the acid sites were preserved in the TPA_ZSM-5_Sil1 composite, while in the H+-form core, the concentration of Brønsted acid sites significantly decreased. This reduction in isolated Brønsted acid sites was further corroborated by 1H NMR.

To date, there are no specific guidelines for the use of bioacidifying yeasts in winemaking. In this work, we aimed to characterize an oenological strain of Lachancea thermotolerans (Lt), a non-Saccharomyces lactic acid-producing yeast, and to test different sequential inoculation conditions with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). The results of bench scale vinifications showed that both the strategy of inoculating Sc 12 h after Lt and the mixing of Lt and Sc during fermentation delivered an acceptable increase in lactic acid (2 g/L) and a decrease in pH (about 0.15 units). Therefore, both strategies were implemented in winery experiments. Our results at the cellar scale showed no increase in acidity, which was likely due to the presence of indigenous yeasts. Overall, our experience shows the difficulty of translating laboratory protocols into cellar experiments and calls for further research into new strategies for implementing acidifying yeasts.

Penggunaan soft denture liner pada gigi tiruan yang menyebabkan rasa sakit mengakibatkan bakteri dan jamur membentuk koloni secara mudah dan berpenetrasi pada gigi tiruan yang sudah diaplikasikan bahan SDL. Pembersihan kimiawi adalah pilihan utama untuk kontrol plak pada gigi tiruan yang sudah diaplikasikan SDL karena dapat membersihkan gigi tiruan yang tidak dapat dijangkau dengan metode mekanis. Alkalin peroksida adalah larutan pembersih yang efektif melarutkan kotoran dan mengurangi mikroorganisme terutama Candida albicans selama 15 menit perendaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman dan perbedaan pengaruh lama perendaman silikon LTSDL swapolimerisasi dalam alkalin peroksida terhadap kekerasan permukaan selama 2 dan 4 hari. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan bahan silikon LTSDL swapolimerisasi. Kekerasan permukaan diuji dengan alat Shore A Durometer. Berdasarkan hasil uji t Independen, diperoleh ada pengaruh perendaman silikon LTSDL swapolimerisasi dalam alkalin peroksida selama 2 dan 4 hari terhadap kekerasan permukaan. Kemudian hasil uji t Independen juga menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kekerasan permukaan antara silikon LTSDL swapolimerisasi yang direndam dalam alkalin peroksida selama 2 dan 4 hari. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa silikon LTSDL swapolimerisasi yang direndam dalam bahan pembersih gigi tiruan alkalin peroksida dapat digunakan selama satu tahun pemakaian karena peningkatan kekerasan permukaan masih dalam rentang ISO.

Abstract Silanols are key players in the application performance of zeolites, yet, their localization and hydrogen bonding strength need more studies. The effects of post-synthetic ion exchange on nanosized chabazite (CHA), focusing on the formation of silanols, were studied. The significant alteration of the silanols of the chabazite nanozeolite upon ion exchange and their effect on the CO2 adsorption capacity was revealed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both theoretical and experimental results revealed changing the ratio of extra-framework cations in CHA zeolites changes the population of silanols; decreasing the Cs+/K+ ratio creates more silanols. Upon adsorption of CO2, the distribution and strength of the silanols also changed with increased hydrogen bonding, thus revealing an interaction of silanols with CO2 molecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the interplay between alkali-metal cations and silanols in nanosized CHA.

Abstract A checklist of recent and fossil fishes of the Order Characiformes is presented herein and believed to be complete through 2022. A total of 47 collaborators checked and provided information about their taxa of expertise. The list is arranged in alphabetical order by family and then genus and includes all available synonyms. From a total of 3,087 species group names and 527 genus group names, 2,334 species are currently treated as valid, and assigned to 301 genera and 24 families. This total includes 25 species known only from the fossil record, of which 21 are assigned to eight extant families and four are Incertae sedis in Characiformes, but does not include five species based on fossil which were wrongly treated in Characiformes. The status of 79 nominal species remains unresolved. When there are two competing hypotheses about the validity of a name, one of them is chosen and the alternate interpretation is provided in the remark section of that name. Distributional summaries are presented as numbers that correspond to areas for which there is a record of occurrence of the species. A list of unavailable names is provided at the end since some of those names may need additional research to certify their status.

Handling of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still ongoing, both prevention, treatment, and care for sufferers. Therefore, the assessment of the antiviral material at these stages is a very important rapid response, including those from nanomaterials. Here, we have reviewed the potential of nano-hydroxyapatite and its compounds which are known to be antiviral and antibacterial for potential use in biomedical tools. Although clinical trials to assess the efficacy of this material needs to be conducted, this review highlighting important information, including an analysis of the potential as a delivery drug, antibacterial coating, and detection tools to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joann Sfar. Pascin. Trans. Edward Gauvin. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Uncivilized Books. 2016.186 pages. Through a series of vignettes depicting the personal life and sexual escapades of Julius Mordecai Pincas (Pascin), French [...]