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Ozone, widely recognized as an environmentally friendly gas, is extensively used in various textile industry applications. These include pre-treatment processes like bleaching and desizing, as well as creating pattern and vintage effects, wastewater clarification, and surface modification. This study focuses on ozone as a novel solution to a specific challenge: addressing the reduction in flame retardancy properties experienced by flame-retardant (FR) polyester fabrics during post-treatment processes in the production line. Experimentation involved subjecting the fabrics to ozonation and exploring different combinations of ozone flow rates and treatment durations. Mechanical and functional properties of the fabrics were examined, with flammability tested according to International Maritime Organization (IMO) standards. Notably, treatment with a 5 L/min ozone flow rate, a 7.01 g/h ozone concentration ratio, and a duration of 10 min showed significant improvements in IMO values, ensuring compliance with required standards. Furthermore, treated samples underwent comprehensive tests for fastness and strength, yielding results within acceptable ranges. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements were conducted to evaluate the impact of ozonation. FT-IR results indicated that the presence of C-H groups associated with dyestuff contributed to decreased flame retardancy in the original fabric post-dyeing. However, these groups were effectively eliminated through ozonation, thereby enhancing the fabric's flame retardancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of obturator nerve blockade on oncological outcomes of patients with a diagnosis of lateral wall localized non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: One hundred six patients diagnosed with lateral wall localized non-invasive bladder cancer were evaluated between January 2015 and March 2020 in this retrospective, cross-sectional observational study. The patients were divided into two groups: patients receiving only spinal anesthesia and those receiving spinal anesthesia combined with ultrasound-guided obturator nerve blockade. Oncological outcomes of the groups were compared statistically. Results: We observed recurrent tumors in 25 patients (45.5%) in Group 1 and 11 patients (21.6%) in Group 2. Additionally, we observed tumor progression in eight patients (14.5%) in Group 1 and two patients (3.9%) in Group 2. We observed statistical significance in differences between groups regarding tumor size, recurrence rate, adequate muscle tissue sampling, ability for complete resection, and persistent obturator reflex. The efficacy rate of obturator blockade was 92.1% in Group 2. One-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 98.0% and 5-year RFS was 23.5% for Group 1, while for Group 2, they were 97.4% and 57.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The obturator reflex is a common and challenging reflex that may cause major complications and result in unintended consequences, such as incomplete resection or tumor recurrence with transurethral resection of bladder tumors. In this study, we demonstrated that combining spinal anesthesia with obturator nerve blockade for lateral wall localized non-muscle invasive bladder cancer may prevent tumor recurrence and reduce peroperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Textiles & Engineers / Tekstil ve Mühendis is the property of Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers & Architects, Chamber of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is a rare form disorder of sexual differentiation characterised by the persistence of Mullerian derivatives (fallopian tubes, uterus and the proximal vagina) in males with an XY karyotype and normal virilisation. We report a case of a 29‐year‐old man with right transverse testicular ectopia, mix germ cell cancer at ectopic right testis and left‐sided obstructed inguinal hernia containing a uterus and fallopian tube. We performed orchiectomy and hysterectomy on the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colour fading is a method that is used to achieve a vintage look in textile goods. It is desired by customers in the textile market. Additionally, customers demand that these types of products are produced by environmentally friendly methods. In this study, sodium hypochlorite and ozone were used as laboratory‐scale colour fading reagents on dyed cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics were dyed with four different primary colours: red, yellow, blue and black. Dyed fabrics were subjected to ozone and sodium hypochlorite treatment under different treatment conditions. Ozone was chosen as an alternative for comparison and it was applied at fixed flow rate (5 L/min) and time (10 minutes). Colour differences, chemical oxygen demand, bursting strength and energy, water and chemical consumptions were measured. The surface morphology was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. We can conclude that ozonation is effective in discharging colour from dyed fabric samples, and the colour‐fading effect is uniform, like in sodium hypochlorite treatment. It was observed that both processes are similar in terms of strength and surface modification. Results showed a 90% cost reduction, 85% water conservation and a 26% chemical oxygen demand reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) treatment conditions in fluidised media technology were examined for polyester dyeing. The different dyeing processes in scCO2 media were carried out under a constant dyeing temperature of 120°C (at pressures ranging from 9 to 29 MPa), a constant pressure of 25 MPa (at dyeing temperatures ranging from 40 to 140°C) and a constant density range of 500‐550 kg/m3 (at combinations of dyeing temperatures ranging from 80 to 130°C and dyeing pressures ranging from 18 to 28 MPa). The constant dyeing temperature, constant dyeing pressure and constant density (120°C, 25 MPa, 500‐550 kg/m3, respectively) were selected according to the best results in the literature and recommendations from industrial applications for polyester dyeing in scCO2 media. The different conditions of the studied parameters and their influence are discussed. Colour difference (ΔE) and colour strength (K/S), as well as washing fastness and bursting strength properties, were investigated and compared. Acceptable colour properties (similar to those for standard [control reference] fabric: dyed in scCO2 media at 120°C, 25 MPa pressure and 506 kg/m3 density for 90 minutes) on polyester fabric, with commercially acceptable and quite high washing fastness levels and comparable bursting strength values (similar to those for standard fabric without significant or drastic strength loss), could be achieved with the following scCO2 dyeing processes: at a lower dyeing pressure with the same dyeing temperature (in scCO2 media at 120°C, 21 MPa pressure and 423 kg/m3 density for 90 minutes), at a lower dyeing temperature with the same dyeing pressure (in scCO2 media at 100°C, 25 MPa pressure and 588 kg/m3 density for 90 minutes) and at both a lower dyeing pressure and a lower dyeing temperature with a constant density range of 500‐550 kg/m3 (in scCO2 media at 110°C, 24 MPa pressure and 526 kg/m3 density for 90 minutes). Satisfactory and successful dyeing properties and performance similar to polyester fibre dyed under standard scCO2 dyeing conditions with less energy consumption could be achieved with the correct scCO2 dyeing process parameter optimisation. For instance, the dyeing process in the scCO2 environment at the same dyeing temperature with the standard scCO2 dyeing process (at 120°C), but with a lower dyeing pressure (at 21 vs 25 MPa), resulted in a 17 kWh decrease in energy consumption. In conclusion, it is very important to choose the correct dyeing pressure to obtain level dyeing in the polyester dyeing process carried out in a scCO2 environment and to achieve a reduction in energy consumption during dyeing in a scCO2 medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Reactive Orange 16, which is a reactive dye, was investigated by using magnetic poly (DVBVIM) to determine the effect of pH on adsorption. For this reason, the effect of pH on adsorption has been investigated in detail in pH: 2 and pH: 12. Magnetic poly (DVB-VIM) microbeads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies and swelling studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ortadogu Medical Journal / Ortadogu Tip Dergisi is the property of Bastas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental pollution is one of the major concerns of the textile finishing sector. The reduction or substitution of the harsh chemicals used during dyeing and printing processes is necessary. In this study, the use of ozone for the discharge printing process was examined in order to substitute the use of reductive agent and caustic soda by ozone gas. The reactive dyed cotton samples were wetted by water and some selected solutions at 25%, 40% and 60% pick up were used and subjected to ozone gas treatment. The gas flow rates were 5 and 10 l/min for 5 and 10 min treatment times, respectively. The results were compared with that of conventional discharge printed samples. Colour discharge (%), colour difference (ΔE), strength, washing and rubbing fastness and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were compared and reported. Colour discharge increased at higher gas flow rates and prolonged treatment times. Although ozone printing could not attain the contour sharpness of conventional discharge printing, the addition of selected chemicals affected colour discharge and the contour sharpness. Strength tests did not show a significant decrease when using ozone treatment. Fastness tests results (washing and rubbing) were slightly higher compared with conventional discharge printed samples. COD values were much lower for ozone treatment compared with conventional discharge printing effluent. Consequently, it was demonstrated that ozone may be an environmentally friendly substitute for discharge printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel process utilizing ozone was carried out for colour stripping of fabrics misprinted with reactive dyes in ink-jet machines. The results of ozone applications were compared with conventional colour stripping process performed by thiourea dioxide ( TUDO) and soda ash. In trials, cotton-based and viscose-based woven fabrics were used as these fabrics were the most utilized at the textile mill in which this study was performed. Different ozone treatment times (30, 45, 60 or 90 min) were tested to find optimum process time and it was found that process times depended on fabric type. Particularly, colour stripping on high density and thick fabrics were harder than low density and thin fabric types. Fabric strengths, whiteness indexes and chemical oxygen demand ( COD) values were measured. Also energy, chemical and water consumptions were calculated. Consequently, it was found that the reduction of the COD value of effluent was up to 98%. The calculations showed that the savings in time and cost in ozone treatment were up to 77%. Satisfactory colour stripping and tensile strengths were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine whether serum levels of adenosine deaminase (AD), catalase (CAT), and carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes may be useful biomarkers in the diagnosis of renal tumors and may lead to early diagnosis of renal tumors. Material and methods: The study included 33 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 31 healthy controls. The activity of serum AD, CA, and CAT was determined and analyzed using the Giusti spectrophotometric method, H2O2substrate, and C02hydration, respectively. Results: Serum AD and CA activity were significantly higher in patients with RCC than in controls. However, serum CAT activity was significantly lower in patients with RCC than in controls. Conclusion: These markers might be potentially important as an additional biochemical tool for diagnosing RCC. We believe multidisciplinary studies are needed to plan patients’ preoperative and postoperative treatment and to create follow-up protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trials have been carried out to investigate the efficiency of ozone treatment in the colour stripping of reactive-dyed cotton fabrics. The trials were performed on a specially designed apparatus to inject ozone gas into the liquor passing through a perforated beam with fabric rolls on it, just like a beam dyeing machine with ozone venturi injection. Conventional reductive colour stripping was applied as the control treatment, and ozone treatment was applied for three different application times (15, 30, and 45 min). Trials were performed with seven selected reactive dyes having various chromophores and reactive groups. The results indicate that 45 min ozone treatment yielded the best colour stripping results among the three application times. Furthermore, the colour stripping percentages of the 45 min ozone treatment were higher for four of the tested dyes, the same for one of the tested dyes, and lower for two of the tested dyes compared with the control treatment, which consisted of conventional reductive colour stripping. Colour stripping of 90% and above was achieved for all samples of the 45 min ozone treatment. The chemical oxygen demand values of the colour stripping baths were compared: the average value of the 45 min ozone application baths was 105 mg l−1, and it was 1993 mg l−1 for the conventional reductive treatment baths. Consequently, a reduction in chemical oxygen demand of almost 94% was achieved by ozone treatment compared with conventional reductive treatment. The strength values of the fabrics after the respective treatments were similar, with a difference of only 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, a novel system utilising ozone in jet dyeing machines is introduced, and the results of ozone-clearing treatments of disperse dyed polyester on the prototype modified machine are reported. A Venturi injector was mounted on the liquor circulation pipe of the jet dyeing machine to feed ozone gas into the machine. Ozone was generated via an ozone generator by feeding conditioned air into the generator. The ozone gas entering the pipe partly dissolved in the treatment liquor; the dissolved portion and the gaseous ozone interacted via the fabric in the pipe, especially in the nozzle and also at the bottom of the autoclave (machine body). Disperse dyed polyester fabrics of textile-company mass production were ozone cleared in this prototype. Ozone clearing was achieved in cold water (room temperature), and no other chemicals were used. The colour of the samples, wet fastness properties, and the chemical oxygen demand of the effluent were investigated, and costs were compared with those of conventional reduction clearing of ozone. Results were outstanding: an 83% cost reduction, 67% timesaving, and an 88% COD reduction were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Textile & Apparel / Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon is the property of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effectiveness of the ozonation process, in neutral distilled water at room temperature, as a clearing process for disperse-dyed poly(lactic acid) fibre fabrics is investigated. The efficiency of simultaneous decolorisation of dyebath effluent and clearing of dyed poly(lactic acid) in the cooled dyebath after completion of the poly(lactic acid) dyeing cycle is also explored. Conventional alkaline reduction clearing with sodium dithionite was chosen as a control clearing process for comparison. Wash fastness, colour difference, colour removal (in Hazen) and chemical oxygen demand values were determined and compared. Long ozone treatment times at high ozone dose resulted in unacceptable colour differences. The colour difference problem was solved by use of lower ozone dose; however, a warm soaping step had to be added to the after-clearing sequence in order to achieve the desired fastness properties. A 33% reduction on the chemical oxygen demand load of the total process (dyeing + after-clearing) could be achieved by ozone after-clearing instead of using a conventional reduction clearing treatment. The addition of the warm soaping step to improve the fastness properties of the ozonated samples increased the total chemical oxygen demand of the process (dyeing + ozonation in water + warm soaping), but a 12-18% reduction on the chemical oxygen demand load of the total process was observed when compared with the conventional treatment sequence (dyeing + reduction clearing). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of ozonation, ozonation with ultrasonic bath and ozonation with ultrasonic homogeniser processes on colour and chemical oxygen demand removal properties of disperse (CI Disperse Red 60, CI Disperse Blue 337) and reactive (CI Reactive Blue 171 and CI Reactive Blue 19) dyebath solutions with and without dyeing auxiliaries were investigated. Chemical oxygen demand (in mg/l) and colour (in Hazen) measurements of the studied dyebath solutions were determined. The ozonation process caused simultaneous chemical oxygen demand removal during decolorisation. However, the improvement in chemical oxygen demand reduction was less than of that on decolorisation. The application of the combination of ozonation with ultrasonic homogeniser is the most efficient process and creates a great time advantage over the other process types studied (ozonation alone and ozonation with ultrasonic bath) to reach the same colour and levels of chemical oxygen demand removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to utilise desizing liquors of starch-sized fabrics using glucoseoxidase enzymes for bleach to produce hydrogen peroxide from glucose units of the starch removed; glucoseoxidase enzymes are efficient only at high glucose doses. In the first part of this paper, glucose generation in a desizing bath was discussed and an optimum recipe was obtained with an amyloglucodidase/pullanase mixture enzyme. In this study, process optimisation for the glucose oxidase enzyme was undertaken in order to generate hydrogen peroxide in the desizing liquor and then bleaching with the peroxide generated. Results indicated that sufficient hydrogen peroxide, about 800 mg l-1, could be generated to perform successful enzymatic bleaching; however, the bleaching was compatible with the conventional peroxide type only in the alkali pH range. The maximum whiteness obtained by enzymatic treatment was 73.8 Stensby degree, whereas the whiteness of the conventionally treated fabric was 79.4 Stensby degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to substitute cotton pretreatment chemicals with enzymes to create an environmentally friendly process for water and energy savings. In this study, enzyme selection and process optimisation was made in order to increase the glucose content of the desizing liquor of a starch-sized cotton fabric. Results indicated that commercial desizing enzyme formulations of α-amylase enzymes were not appropriate to produce a large quantity of glucose in the desizing bath; the glucose amounts obtained were about 200 mg/l. However, the food market enzyme used, an amyloglucodidase/pullanase mixture (amyloglucosidase 186 Units/g, pullanase 395 Units/g), produced approximately 4000 mg/l glucose in the desizing bath after process optimisation. The desizing effect of the amyloglucodidase/pullanase enzyme mixture was compatible with those of commercial desizing enzymes. The results of peroxide generation from glucose and bleaching trials are reported in the second part of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of trials have been conducted to examine the efficiency of ozonation on afterclearing of disperse dyed poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres. Ozonation was performed in the cooled dyebath after the completion of the dyeing cycle. The ozone concentration used was 12.8 ± 0.3 mg/min at a gas flow rate of 400 ml/min. The results indicate that 3 min ozonation time is appropriate to achieve wash fastness results comparable to conventional reduction clearing. These results were obtained with simultaneous dyebath decolorisation ratios up to 67% and without significant colour yield ( K/S value) losses of the dyed fabric. Ozonation periods exceeding 3 min caused significant colour yield ( K/S value) losses, although dyebath decolorisation ratios increased up to 82% and wash fastness properties further improved. The chemical oxygen demand of the dyeing process decreased up to 62% by the ozonation afterclearing. The advantages of the ozonation afterclearing process are savings in terms of water, energy and time and reduction in environmental load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of trials has been conducted to examine the efficiency of ozonation afterclearing on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres dyed with disperse dyes. The afterclearing process was performed in neutral distilled water at room temperature with 12.8 ± 0.3 mg/min ozone at 400 ml/min ozone gas flow rate. The results indicate that 1 min ozonation time is adequate to achieve wash fastness results comparable with conventional reduction clearing without significant colour yield losses. Ozonation periods greater than 1 min not only caused significant colour yield losses, but also caused a severe decrease of the breaking load of the fabric. The advantages of ozonation afterclearing are: savings in energy and time, as it is performed at room temperature for only 1 min, and decrease of environmental load as it avoids the use of the harsh chemicals used in conventional reduction clearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose: We evaluated the clinical safety, effectiveness, efficiency and potential side effects of rectally administered thiopental in 30 children undergoing computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: The doses of thiopental used were 50 mg/kg for infants under 6 months of age, 35 mg/kg for infants between 6 and 12 months of age and 25 mg/kg for older children. After administration of the sedative, oxygen saturation was continuously monitored and vital signs were recorded every 20 min during the imaging procedure and then every 20 min until discharge. Results: Successful sedation and adequate imaging were obtained in 29 of 30 (96.7%) patients. Respiratory depression was not observed in any patient. However, oxygen saturation dropped below 90% transiently (to 88%) in three patients (10.0%) and this was immediately corrected by repositioning the child’s neck to open the upper airway. All successfully sedated patients were asleep within 15 min (mean~SD 7.3~2.7 min) and sedation was sufficient for at least 30 min. Prolonged sedation was observed in two patients. Conclusions: We believe that rectal thiopental is a safe, effective and efficient form of sedation for pediatric imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We planned to investigate the value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods: We enrolled 302 male patients who underwent prostate biopsy between January 2013 and June 2018. We recorded anthropometric indices, demographic parameters, physical examination, laboratory values, in addition to results of radiologic imaging and pathological examination. The patients were divided into two groups as patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and those with PCa. We investigated the association of NLR and PLR with histopathology. Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.2±8.2 years. Patients with prostate adenocarcinoma were older, had higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, neutrophil count, and had lower hemoglobin, platelet count and prostate volume (PV) compared to patients with BPH. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified that NLR values above 2.43 indicated 1.68 fold (95% CI: 1.06-2.66; p=0.028) higher risk for prostate adenocarcinoma. NLR correlated positively with age, and PSA, negatively with hemoglobin and platelet count. NLR and PV were the independent predictors of biopsy histopathology. Conclusion: We demonstrated that NLR is independently associated with PCa in patients undergoing prostatic biopsy due to high PSA levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin used in the treatment of many types of cancers in clinical oncology for approximately 40 years has yet been discovered while no solution to the sideeffect of nephrotoxicity. Although, studies on cisplatin nephrotoxicity are focused on tubular damage, there is no detailed study of the effect of cisplatin on glomerular basement membrane and podocytes. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Forty-eight male rats were divided into five groups of eight animals in each group. These were constituted as saline control, cisplatin control, cisplatin+melatonin, cisplatin+ CAPE and cisplatin+melatonin+CAPE groups. Group 1, the saline control group, received only saline. Group 2 acted as the cisplatin only group and received a single 7 mg/kg dose of cisplatin intraperitoneally on the fifth day of the study. Group 3 received 5 mg/kg melatonin intraperitoneally daily for eight days and a single 7 mg/kg dose of cisplatin intraperitoneally on the fifth day. Group 4 received 10 μmol/kg CAPE intraperitoneally two days before and three days after cisplatin administration. Group 5 received 5 mg/kg melatonin intraperitoneally daily for eight days and 10 μmol/kg CAPE intraperitoneally two days before and three days after cisplatin treatment. Seven days after the last cisplatin treatment, blood samples were collected for biochemical evaluation and all experimental were sacrificed under anesthesia. Biochemical evaluation was performed by measuring glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Tubular necrosis score were calculated for histopathological evaluation, and NF-κB/p65, 8-OHdG and caspase-3 staining was performed for immunohistochemical evaluation. Cisplatin treatment increased GSH, MDA levels and TNS, 8-OHdG and caspase-3 (p<0.05). Melatonin and melatoinin+CAPE reduced GSH, MDA levels and TNS, 8-OHdG and caspase-3 (p<0.05). In conclusion, reactive oxygen species may be candidates for the prevention of acute kidney disease in patients who use cisplatin in the treatment of malignancy. The nephrotoxic effect of cisplatin was diminished by the antioxidant effect of melatonin and CAPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]