49 results on '"EMPLOYMENT SERVICE"'
Search Results
2. Autistic Adult Services Availability, Preferences, and User Experiences: Results From the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union Survey.
- Author
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Micai, Martina, Fulceri, Francesca, Salvitti, Tommaso, Romano, Giovanna, Poustka, Luise, Diehm, Robert, Iskrov, Georgi, Stefanov, Rumen, Guillon, Quentin, Rogé, Bernadette, Staines, Anthony, Sweeney, Mary Rose, Boilson, Andrew Martin, Leósdóttir, Thora, Saemundsen, Evald, Moilanen, Irma, Ebeling, Hanna, Yliherva, Anneli, Gissler, Mika, and Parviainen, Tarja
- Subjects
AUTISM spectrum disorders ,USER experience ,ADULTS ,SOCIAL services ,PROFESSIONS - Abstract
There is very little knowledge regarding autistic adult services, practices, and delivery. The study objective was to improve understanding of current services and practices for autistic adults and opportunities for improvement as part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union (ASDEU) project. Separate survey versions were created for autistic adults, carers of autistic adults, and professionals in adult services. 2,009 persons responded to the survey and 1,085 (54%) of them completed at least one of the services sections: 469 autistic adults (65% female; 55% <35 years old), 441 carers of autistic adults (27% female; 6% <35 years old), 175 professionals in adult services (76% female; 67% in non-medical services). Top choices by autistic adults, carers or professionals for services best suiting their current needs were: residential services: "help in own home" (adults, carers of high independent adults, professionals), "fulltime residential facility" (carers of low independent adults); employment services: "job mentors" (adults, carers of high independent adults, professionals), "Sheltered employment" (carers of low independent adults); education services: "support in regular education setting" (all groups); financial services: financial support in lieu of employment ("Supplementary income for persons unable to have full employment" for adults, "full pension" for carers of low independent adults) or to supplement employment earnings for carers of high independent adults and professionals; social services: "behavior training" (adults) and "life skills training" (carers and professionals). Waiting times for specific services were generally < 1 month or 1-3 months, except for residential services which could be up to 6 months; most professionals were uninformed of waiting times (>50% responded "don't know"). Five of seven residential services features recommended for autistic adults were experienced by <50% of adults. The knowledge of good local services models that work well for autistic adults was generally low across all services areas. The variation in services experiences and perceptions reported by autistic adults, carers, or professionals underscore the need to query all groups for a complete picture of community services availability and needs. The results showed areas for potential improvement in autistic adult services delivery in the EU to achieve recommended standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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3. The Development of Subject Gateway and Library Operating Model for the Diffusion of Entrepreneurship – Focus on Job and Employment Services
- Author
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Ok Nam Park
- Subjects
subject gateway ,job service ,employment service ,library service ,entrepreneurship ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
High unemployment rates repeatedly cause recurring social problems such as fewer employment opportunities and employment insecurity. Following this trend, various programs related to employment have been provided through various government and institutions. However, they have established overlapping policies and programs and there is no one stop gateway to find effective and efficient way to find relevant information. For this purpose, this study aims to provide employment and job search subject gateway development. The study has carried out case studies, literature reviews, and user survey. Based on this study, it suggested a linked metadata model to organize and link scattered information together, and a digital gateway operating diverse information services. It is expected to provide a basis to develop comprehensive information service model for employment.
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- 2021
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4. Autistic Adult Services Availability, Preferences, and User Experiences: Results From the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union Survey
- Author
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Martina Micai, Francesca Fulceri, Tommaso Salvitti, Giovanna Romano, Luise Poustka, Robert Diehm, Georgi Iskrov, Rumen Stefanov, Quentin Guillon, Bernadette Rogé, Anthony Staines, Mary Rose Sweeney, Andrew Martin Boilson, Thora Leósdóttir, Evald Saemundsen, Irma Moilanen, Hanna Ebeling, Anneli Yliherva, Mika Gissler, Tarja Parviainen, Pekka Tani, Rafal Kawa, Eva Pisula, Astrid Vicente, Célia Rasga, Magdalena Budişteanu, Ian Dale, Carol Povey, Noelia Flores, Cristina Jenaro, Maria Luisa Monroy, Patricia García Primo, Tony Charman, Susanne Cramer, Christine Kloster Warberg, Ricardo Canal-Bedia, Manuel Posada, Diana Schendel, and Maria Luisa Scattoni
- Subjects
autism spectrum disorder ,adults ,residential service ,employment service ,education service ,financial service ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
There is very little knowledge regarding autistic adult services, practices, and delivery. The study objective was to improve understanding of current services and practices for autistic adults and opportunities for improvement as part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union (ASDEU) project. Separate survey versions were created for autistic adults, carers of autistic adults, and professionals in adult services. 2,009 persons responded to the survey and 1,085 (54%) of them completed at least one of the services sections: 469 autistic adults (65% female; 55% 50% responded “don’t know”). Five of seven residential services features recommended for autistic adults were experienced by
- Published
- 2022
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5. Prospects of dealing with female unemployment in the regional labor market
- Author
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G.B. Kosharnaya and E.S. Tarkhanova
- Subjects
unemployment ,women ,female unemployment ,female entrepreneurship ,competitiveness ,employment service ,social and labor sphere ,social partnership ,Law ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Background. An important condition for the effective development of the labor market is comprehensive support for certain categories of citizens experiencing problems with employment. Particular attention should be paid to the study of the peculiarities of the situation in various spheres of society of the female part of the population, which to a greater extent encounters difficulties, including the problem of unemployment. In this regard, it is necessary to support certain categories of women from state and public structures, expressed in the development and implementation of various projects, programs and activities. This will help women to realize and optimally combine functions in the professional and labor sphere, taking into account the maternal function performed. The purpose of the work is to analyze promising directions and measures aimed at solving the problem of female unemployment, overcoming its negative consequences and improving the social wellbeing of women in society and on the labor market as a whole in modern conditions. Materials and methods. We used the methods of traditional analysis and generalization of statistical indicators, scientific and periodical literature, as well as methods of secondary analysis of various sociological surveys on the topic under study. Comparison methods were used to identify the most significant features of the problem under study in the modern conditions of the development of the region. Results. The article highlights the characteristic features of female unemployment. A comprehensive analysis of regulatory and legal acts at the federal and regional levels, materials of sociological research, opinions of specialists made it possible to determine promising directions for solving the problem of female unemployment, focusing on helping unemployed women with minor children. An important role in the implementation of the selected areas of employment services is noted. A flowchart has been drawn up for the implementation of directions for dealing with female unemployment for participants in social and labor relations, as well as schematically defined the expected results from the implementation of the proposed directions and activities for women and the region as a whole. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that in modern socio-economic conditions, the problem of female unemployment is still relevant, especially in the regions, and requires practical efforts and more local areas of solution, which must be worked out at all levels. It is necessary to improve the well-functioning mechanisms, adapting them to modern conditions, and to propose new programs and approaches, more targeted, to the study and solution of the problems of women in society and in the labor market, in particular, the problems of unemployment and employment of women. The most promising areas, the implementation of which can positively affect the indicators and smooth out the negative consequences of female unemployment, are the stimulation of self-employment and female entrepreneurship, training (retraining) and psychological support for unemployed women. At the same time, the areas under consideration should be implemented in a comprehensive manner, taking into account the mechanism of social partnership of all “interested” structures (participants in social and labor relations) and women themselves.
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- 2021
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6. Returning to work or working on one's rehabilitation: Social identities invoked by impaired workers and professionals in health care and employment services.
- Author
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Andreassen, Tone Alm and Solvang, Per Koren
- Subjects
- *
EMPLOYEE attitudes , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *ORGANIZATIONAL structure , *MATHEMATICAL models , *GROUP identity , *BLUE collar workers , *MEDICAL personnel , *THEORY , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *WOUNDS & injuries , *EMPLOYMENT reentry , *REHABILITATION for brain injury patients , *INDUSTRIAL relations - Abstract
For persons with a long‐term illness or impairment, return‐to‐work decisions involve considerations about work capacity, opportunities in the labour market, the impact of injuries, further treatment requirements, physical and cognitive rehabilitation, and mental health recovery. These considerations are undertaken by the affected individuals as well as by professionals in health care and employment services. Drawing upon institutional theories of organisations, especially the understanding that institutional logics provide different social identities to injured individuals, we study rehabilitation processes following multi‐trauma or traumatic brain injury (TBI) within the Scandinavian welfare model. We identify which social identities are activated in professionals' considerations and in the stories of the injured individuals. The aim is to understand how professionals' reasoning about the clients' problems influences return‐to‐work processes. Our primary finding is that the wageworker identity, invoked by the injured individuals themselves, is subordinated by the professionals to the logic of profession and the associated patient identity. Consequently, not only is impaired people's anti‐discrimination right to reasonably adjusted work ignored, ignored is also a possible resource in the rehabilitation process. Additionally, individuals who view themselves as wageworkers tend to be left unserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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7. State Management of the Employment in the Conditions of the Economic Crisis
- Author
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M. Yu. Elsukov and R. R. Amirov
- Subjects
employment ,unemployment ,economic development ,crisis ,standard of living ,income level ,poverty ,employed poor people ,shadow economy ,employment service ,region ,strategy ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
The article considers the current problems of the employment state management. The characteristic of the role of employment management in the system of state economic regulation is given. The dynamics of unemployment, employment, and labor force participation are analyzed. The success of the authorities in achieving the aims of the employment state regulation is demonstrated. A comparison of the current trends in employment and economic development is shown. The consequences for the employment sphere during the economic crisis of the Russian Federation in recent years are considered. The changing characteristic of the population’s standard of living, real disposable money income, poverty level is presented. The established and current trends in the structure of employment changes in the scale of the Russian Federation, federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation are revealed. The socio-economic consequences of the situation around employment are analyzed. The characteristic of the number of employed poor people is given. The expert estimates of the shadow economy increasing are given. The estimations of the informal sector of the economy volumes are presented. The estimation of the achieving the goals degree of the authorized state employment agencies is provided. The causes of a systemic crisis of state employment of the population are identified. The necessity of more complete participation of the state government employment in the development and implementation of the socio-economic development policy of the Russian Federation has been substantiated. The proposals for the strategies establishment for the future development of employment services in the regions of the Russian Federation and their inclusion in the system of strategic planning documents are presented.
- Published
- 2019
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8. Trends in effective self-education of Russia’s youth in the future of labor competitiveness
- Author
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Natalya N. Glushach and Zenebe Тafesse Kinfu
- Subjects
youth ,employment strategy ,employer ,employment service ,social capital ,quality of educational resource ,adaptive management ,in-depth interviews ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
In the rapidly changing socio-economic and technical environment of the organization, the key factor in its adaptability, first, is the company’s employees, especially young dynamic people. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current problem of youth employment, which seeks to identify constraints and motivations for career and mobility in the young people’s labor market. The following methods of study were used: the mass survey of young people, engaged in various economic activities; in-depth interviews with unemployed young people with secondary and higher vocational education; in-depth interviews with representatives of territorial employment services and employers. The study revealed that one of the major problems of youth employment is: 1. The imbalance in the labor market of offers of similar occupations by graduates and a lack of narrow specialists; 2. The proposed vacancies are of little interest to young people, as employers offer few quality jobs; 3. Young people who have a high motivation for development and who have received a quality education tend to be immediately employed in the desired work and continue to develop. The result of analysis made it possible to develop the educational system on the one hand and it should be commensurate with the economic, scientific, and technological demand of the regions. On the other hand, employers need to modernize their enterprises and create modern jobs. Thirdly, we are recommending young people to be self-motivated to professional development and have professional and educational activity.
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- 2017
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9. Welfare-to-work Policies Meeting Complex Realities of Unemployed Citizens: Examining Assumptions in Welfare.
- Author
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Boulus-Rødje, Nina
- Subjects
- *
CITIZENS , *HYPOTHESIS , *PUBLIC welfare policy , *LONGITUDINAL method , *UNEMPLOYED people - Abstract
This paper draws on a longitudinal ethnographic study conducted at one of the largest municipal jobcenters in Denmark. It investigates what happens when welfare-to-work policies meet the complex lived realities of unemployed citizens. I examine the nature of welfare policies, and show how these inscribe neoliberal economic discourse, which are not easily applicable to the lived reality of unemployed citizens. Findings from this study illustrate that there are incongruences between the nature of policies and the policies-in-use. I argue that these incongruences are a result of myriad of assumptions that are inscribed in the welfare apparatus, constituting tools, people, policies, and practices. I, therefore, unpack assumptions about caseworkers as well as benefit recipients, appointments they must attend, and activation programs assigned to them. This way, the paper aims at initiating a discussion about finding ways to develop policies that are better applicable to the citizen's lived realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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10. The economic significance of laws relating to employment protection and different forms of employment: Analysis of a panel of 117 countries, 1990–2013.
- Author
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ADAMS, Zoe, BISHOP, Louise, DEAKIN, Simon, FENWICK, Colin, MARTINSSON GARZELLI, Sara, and RUSCONI, Giudy
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JOB security laws ,EMPLOYMENT ,PANEL analysis ,BUSINESS research ,NATIONAL income ,ECONOMIC trends - Abstract
The authors use time series econometric analysis applying non‐stationary panel data methods to estimate the relationships between employment protection legislation and legal protection of different forms of employment (part‐time, fixed‐term and agency work), and economic outcomes, with a data set based on the Centre for Business Research Labour Regulation Index (CBR–LRI), covering 117 countries from 1970 to 2013. Findings suggest that these laws have become significantly more protective over time and that strengthening worker protection is associated with an increase in labour's share of national income, rising labour force participation, rising employment, and falling unemployment, although the observed magnitudes are small when set against wider economic trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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11. Unemployment in the Carpatho-Podilsky Region of the Ukraine
- Author
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Klavdya Kilinskaya and Liubomyr Lopushnyak
- Subjects
economic activity of the population ,employment service ,age structure of employment ,level of employment ,regional labour market ,population employment by sex-age structure ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
The presented publication analyses unemployment and employment processes in the context of administrative regions of the Carpatho-Podilsky region of the Ukraine. The issues of economic activity of the population, types of appeals of local population to employment services, age structure of employment, level of employment, regional labour services, employment of population by sex-age structure are highlighted.
- Published
- 2018
12. Refraining from rights and giving in to personalised control: young unemployed peoples’ experiences and perceptions of public and third sector support in the UK and Norway
- Author
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Heidi Moen Gjersøe, Katy Jones, Anne Birgitte Leseth, Lisa Scullion, and Philip Martin
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conditionality ,Sociology and Political Science ,førstelinje ,employment service ,unge ,aktivitetsplikt ,street-level ,NEETs ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,NAV ,bakkebyråkrater ,young people - Abstract
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent. In this article, we present an analysis of young unemployed peoples’ perceptions and experiences with public and third sector support in Norway and the UK. Drawing on data generated through qualitative semi-structured interviews, the analysis shows that street level workers’ approaches towards clients are important in understanding (dis)engagement with various employment support systems. Taking a ‘street-level’ perspective as a lens for understanding young, unemployed peoples’ perceptions and experiences, we suggest that their voices as (potential) participants in employment services can contribute a further dimension to perspectives that are more usually focused on workers as performers of politics. The paper highlights the challenges of making employment services responsive to young peoples’ needs and expectations.
- Published
- 2023
13. Labour Market Institutions and New Technology: The Case of Employment Service in India.
- Author
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Abraham, Vinoj and Sasikumar, S. K.
- Abstract
This paper traces the evolutionary history of labour market intermediation in India, culminating in the introduction of the National Career Services, an Information Technology-based career service ecosystem. Further, it analyses the performance of the NCS and the challenges therein. Traditional labour markets functioning under asymmetric information had worked under institutional norms and practices that reduced the search-and-match costs in the labour market. While these norms solved the problems of search, these were neither efficient nor just outcomes. Formal institutional interventions in the colonial period were aimed at the need for war exigencies. Post-independence, an elaborate and decentralised system of labour market intermediation was established through employment exchanges across the country. However, employment exchanges, after their initial successes, gradually weakened. Structural infirmities associated with employment exchanges, alternative agencies, both public and private for meeting the intermediation needs, declining role of government as a key employer and changing nature of labour market were key factors that affected the performance of employment exchanges. A major restructuring of the employment service, through the NCS ecosystem, promises a revival of the public-funded labour market intermediation services. However, the challenge lies in the NCS becoming an efficient intermediary that is both inclusive and accountable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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14. Workplace Socialization of People with Disabilities : Implications for Job Development and Placement
- Author
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Moxley, David P., Finch, John R., Forman, Stuart, Feuerstein, Michael, editor, Goreczny, Anthony J., editor, Moxley, David P., editor, and Finch, John R., editor
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- 2003
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15. Hiring subsidies for people with a disability: Evidence from a small-scale social field experiment.
- Author
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DEUCHERT, Eva and KAUER, Lukas
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EMPLOYMENT of people with disabilities ,SERVICES for people with disabilities ,VOCATIONAL education ,COUNTERPRODUCTIVITY (Labor) ,EMPLOYERS - Abstract
The effectiveness of hiring subsidies for people with disabilities remains unclear due to potential free-rider, substitution and signalling effects. The authors propose a novel evaluation approach wherein it is randomly decided whether or not job applications disclose the subsidy to potential employers. Based on call-back rates for interviews, the subsidy is found to be ineffective or even counterproductive in a group of adolescents having completed their vocational training programme. However, the negative signalling effect seems to be much weaker in a group of clients of job-coaching services who acquired their disability during their working life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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16. SEASONAL WORKERS BEFORE THE COVID-19 ERA: ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF EASTERN EUROPE
- Author
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Rossen Koroutchev
- Subjects
labor migration ,visa formalities ,employment agency ,statuary regulation ,Eastern Europe ,intermediation job agencies ,Arbeitsagentur ,Migration, Sociology of Migration ,Arbeitsmigration ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Migration ,Arbeitsvermittlung ,Saisonarbeitnehmer ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,seasonal worker ,Intermediation Job Agencies ,V4 Countries ,Visa Formalities ,employment service ,eastern europe ,lcsh:JC11-607 ,v4 countries ,lcsh:Political theory ,Osteuropa ,Recht ,seasonal workers ,ddc:340 ,ddc:300 ,gesetzliche Regelung ,Law - Abstract
This paper analyzes the phenomenon of seasonal workers in Europe before the Covid-19 pandemic and discusses the legislation for intermediation job intermediation agencies in several East European countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, and Poland. Additionally, we discuss the typical patterns for seasonal migration in the European context. We also analyze the situation of seasonal workers in Scandinavia (the berry picking activity in Sweden), in Spain (the orange picking in the Mediterranean regions) as well as the Ukrainian seasonal workers in some of the Visegrad-4 countries (Poland, Czech Republic, and Slovakia). Finally, we briefly discuss some novel approaches which might be used as regulation mechanisms.
- Published
- 2020
17. STATE PRIORITIES IN ELABORATING ACTIVE PROGRAMS ON EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION
- Author
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O. Magomedov
- Subjects
unemployment ,active program ,social security ,employment fund ,financing ,employment service ,labor market ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 ,Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,K1-7720 - Abstract
The article views the priority issues of state policy aimed at adopting various categories of citizens to the labor market demands, and defines the objects of this policy
- Published
- 2008
18. (Self-)Reflecting on International Recruitment: Views on the Role of Recruiting Agencies in Bulgaria and Romania
- Author
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Marin Burcea, Boris Popivanov, and Siyka Kovacheva
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Economics ,migration ,Intermediary ,Bulgarien ,labour mediation ,recruiting agencies ,Labor Market Research ,Bulgaria ,berufliche Integration ,media_common ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,employment service ,Wirtschaft ,Public relations ,Rumänien ,labour market ,mobility ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,ddc:300 ,The Internet ,Construct (philosophy) ,Social Psychology ,Arbeitsmarkt ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Context (language use) ,Human capital ,regionale Mobilität ,manpower ,Political science ,ddc:330 ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,Migration, Sociology of Migration ,Adaptation (computer science) ,romania ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,european union ,Arbeitsvermittlung ,bulgaria ,Arbeitsmarktforschung ,Romania ,business.industry ,occupational integration ,recruitment ,Arbeitskräfte ,Mediation ,Rekrutierung ,labor market ,EU ,regional mobility ,business - Abstract
This article focuses on the recruiting practices of public and private agencies dealing with international labour mediation in Bulgaria and Romania. Based on interpretative analysis of 20 in-depth interviews with professionals working in migrant recruiting agencies in the two countries, we aim to understand their views on the advantages and disadvantages of their services in comparison with other mobility channels: such as informal networks, direct contacts with employers, or unofficial Internet sites. The article examines the ways in which international labour mediation practitioners construct their target group—migrants—in terms of motivation, human capital, and/or challenges of their adaptation to the new context. We then look at intermediaries’ perceptions of employers’ needs and expectations. We finish with uncovering recruiters’ underlying assessment of the national and European mobility policies and the outcomes they see for individual migrants, employers and the countries of departure and destination.
- Published
- 2019
19. New public management and welfare-to-work in Australia: Comparing the reform agendas of the ALP and the Coalition.
- Author
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Considine, Mark, O'Sullivan, Siobhan, and Nguyen, Phuc
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC administration , *EMPLOYMENT of welfare recipients , *EMPLOYMENT agencies , *LABOR market , *WELFARE state ,AUSTRALIAN politics & government - Abstract
Since the 1990s, the adoption of new public management (NPM) as a management philosophy has translated into multiple waves of reform in the employment services sector in Australia, namely Working Nation (1994–96), Job Network (JN: 1996–2009) and Job Services Australia (JSA: 2009–present). Each wave has sought to improve the preceding policy. In this article, we examine changes implemented during the Rudd/Gillard Labor governments. Using government policy documents and survey data from frontline employment services staff, we compare JSA to JN against five benchmarks. Our data indicate that JSA has generated modest improvement. JSA is also a system with less emphasis on strong forms of sanctioning. Our combined data suggest that policy actors operating under NPM conditions are indeed able to influence specific aspects of frontline practice, but they must spend great effort to do so and must accept new imperfections as a consequence. 1990年代以来,新型公共管理被作为一种管理哲学而被接受。这导致了就业服务部门的数次改革浪潮,即工作国(1994—96)、工作网(1996—2009)、澳大利亚工作服务(2009至今)。每波浪潮都力图改良此前的政策。本文考察了陆克文/吉拉德工党执政时期的变革。作者根据政府的政策文件、一线就业服务机构员工的调查数据等等,在五个基准点上将澳大利亚工作服务与工作网做了对比。根据我们的资料,澳大利亚工作服务这个系统带来的改进最小,也不大注重强有力的制裁。我们认为,实施新型公共管理的政策制定方的确能影响一线实践的某些方面,但他们还要花大力气,还要接受往后新的不圆满。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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20. Improving employment services management using IPA technique.
- Author
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Chang, Chi-Cheng
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC service employment , *EMPLOYEE selection , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *QUALITY control , *PERFORMANCE evaluation , *INFORMATION resources management - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Building a management mechanism that improves Public Placement Services (PES). [•] Questionnaires were compiled with 3 indicators to measure the extent to PES quality. [•] IPA result suggests improving the PES quality. [•] Mechanism: indicators, questionnaires, face-to-face services, IPA, and improving. [•] Mechanism is created as tools to evaluate and improve the PES quality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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21. Mapping the Governance Reform of Welfare to Work in Britain Under New Labor.
- Author
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Wiggan, Jay
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT policy ,JOB security ,ECONOMIC security ,LABOR policy ,LABOR supply ,PUBLIC welfare ,LABOR market - Abstract
This article draws on Newman's (2001, 2007) typology of the modernization of governance under New Labor, to examine the development of British welfare to work administration. Concentrating on the delivery of active labor market policy, the article suggests network forms of governance occupy a marginal role in welfare to work delivery. Managerialist and hierarchical forms of governance dominate administration of activation policy. In accordance with UK tradition, a national centralized, top down system exercises control of social security and employment services administration, but increasingly seeks to realize its goals through a market system of delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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22. To Whom Is Contact Use Beneficial? The Impacts of Self-Selected Contact Use on Gender Income Differentials in the Transitional Economy of Urban China
- Author
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Shen, Jing and Kogan, Irena
- Subjects
China ,gender income differentials ,self-selection ,Economics ,lcsh:Political science ,contact use ,gender segregation ,urban China ,social relations ,Verhalten ,soziale Beziehungen ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,Stadt ,town ,gender-specific factors ,Einkommenspolitik, Lohnpolitik, Tarifpolitik, Vermögenspolitik ,ddc:330 ,difference in income ,Labor Market Research ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Arbeitsvermittlung ,Self-selection ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Arbeitsmarktforschung ,Kontakt ,behavior ,employment service ,Wirtschaft ,gender role ,lcsh:H ,Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung ,income ,geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren ,ddc:300 ,Women's Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies ,Einkommen ,Einkommensunterschied ,Income Policy, Property Policy, Wage Policy ,Geschlechtsrolle ,contact ,lcsh:J - Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of contact use on the gender earnings gap in urban China, by taking into account the existence of self-selection effect. We theorised two sources of individuals’ self-selected job obtainment behaviour; namely, the structuralised gender-segregated employment environment and one’s internalisation of the structural constraints. Based on data collected from the highly marketized Chinese city Xiamen, our estimations from the Endogenous Switching Regression model show that there is indeed a significant tendency, in which women with marketable qualifications use social contacts to find jobs, even though their obtained income would have increased significantly had they chosen not to rely on contacts to find jobs. Men enjoyed premiums from their job search strategies, whether they relied on contact use or not., Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 9, No 2 (2017)
- Published
- 2017
23. An efficiency analysis of Swedish employment offices.
- Author
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ALTHIN, RIKARD and BEHRENZ, LARS
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC indicators ,LABOR market ,EMPLOYMENT policy ,EMPLOYMENT agencies - Abstract
In this paper the method-production frontier analysis is used to analyse differences in efficiency between different Swedish Employment Offices. Earlier empirical labour market policy evaluation studies have utilised various measures that, however, do not take into consideration differences between organisation units. The main result of this investigation is that employment offices show major differences in the efficiency with which they carry out their job matching services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Getting Value for Money in Social Service Delivery for Serbia : Synthesis Report
- Author
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World Bank
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
The Government of Serbia has embarked on a program to review the functions of various entities in the state administration. The aim of the review is to support the government’s effort to control the wage bill and improve efficiency and effectiveness in public administration. The government also requested an integrated review of service delivery in three sectors: (i) health; (ii) education; and (iii) labor and social policy. The Vertical Review of the Ministry of Labor, Employment, Veteran and Social Affairs (MoLEVSA) is the labor and social policy component of the overall integrated review of service delivery. The activities that were ultimately selected were: review of the operations of the central registry for social insurance (CROSO); review of the staffing and expenditures of the pension and disability fund of Serbia (PIO); analysis of the structure and administration of Serbia’s social assistance programs; and analysis of the staffing and relative efficiency of the branch offices of the national employment service (NES). This synthesis report reviews the results of these four studies, identifies synergies and follow-up activities, and discusses the time frame for the follow-up activities.
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- 2020
25. Intergenerational Transmission of Unemployment - Causal Evidence from Austria
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Grübl, Dominik, Lackner, Mario, Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf, and Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien
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Eltern ,unemployment ,Social Problems ,Economics ,heredity ,Generation ,soziale Probleme ,Kind ,Arbeitslosigkeit ,Vererbung ,ddc:330 ,unemployment duration ,Österreich ,Labor Market Research ,Arbeitsvermittlung ,child ,education ,Arbeitsmarktforschung ,employment service ,Wirtschaft ,parents ,instrumental variable ,ddc:360 ,income ,intergenerational transmission ,Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste ,Austria ,J62 ,Einkommen ,Social problems and services ,J64 ,Bildung ,mass layoff - Abstract
We estimate the causal effect of parents' unemployment on unemployment among their children in their own adulthood. We use administrative data for Austrian children born between 1974 and 1984 and apply an instrumental variables (IV) identification strategy using parents' job loss during a mass layoff as the instrument. We find evidence of unemployment inheritance in the next generation. An additional day of unemployment during childhood causally raises the average unemployment days of the adult child by 1 to 2%. The greatest effects are observed for unmarried parents, young children, children of low-education parents, and in families living in capital cities. We also explore various channels of intergenerational unemployment, such as education, income, and job matching by parents.
- Published
- 2020
26. Coexistence of public and private job agencies: Screening with heterogeneous institutions.
- Author
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Kübler, Dorothea
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT agencies ,PRIVATE companies ,PUBLIC companies ,BUREAUCRACY ,ECONOMIC competition ,CONTRACTING out ,UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
In response to the analysis of bureaucracies and the finding of inherent inefficiencies, public choice theory argues for an increase in competition by contracting out government services and deregulation. The paper explores the effect of coexisting public and private employment services in a model with private information of the worker about her ability and unobservable effort choice. The employer's use of an efficient unemployment exchange and an efficient private agency may lead to optimal screening with first best contracts. This is due to the assumption that good types of workers lose more human capital than bad types in periods of unemployment or mismatch. In contrast to standard screening contracts, a bad type of worker earns an information rent if the employment exchange is inefficient, but the employer chooses not to use the private agency for good types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
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27. Valuation und Matching: Eine konventionentheoretische Erklärung der Arbeitsmärkte durch die Rekrutierungskanäle der Unternehmen
- Author
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Guillemette de Larquier, Géraldine Rieucau, Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 (CLERSE), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études de l'emploi (CEE), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, Laboratoire d'Economie Dionysien (LED), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 (CLERSÉ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Centre Lillois d'Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques (CLERSE) - UMR 8019, Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 [CLERSÉ], Centre d'études de l'emploi [CEE], Laboratoire d'Economie Dionysien [LED], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille
- Subjects
labor quality convention ,human resources ,Economics ,Frankreich ,Arbeitsmarkt ,Personalwesen ,case studies ,Personaleinstellung ,Dienstleistungsunternehmen ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,ddc:330 ,French labor market ,Human Resources Management ,Labor Market Research ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Arbeitsvermittlung ,job matching ,service enterprise ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Arbeitsmarktforschung ,employment service ,05 social sciences ,service oriented sectors ,recruitment channel ,Wirtschaft ,Economics of convention ,investment in forms ,valuation ,16. Peace & justice ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,0506 political science ,recruitment ,8. Economic growth ,hiring ,Rekrutierung ,applicant ,available workers ,France ,labor market ,050203 business & management ,Bewerber ,Arbeitskräfteangebot - Abstract
In line with the conventionalist works on recruitment and intermediation in the labor market, this article argues that, in order to shape uncertainty about the quality of matching, recruitment channels used by firms rely on “investments in forms.” The first investment corresponds to the definition of the boundaries of the labor market (i.e., the outline of the labor supply from the firm’s point of view); the second one corresponds to the format of information (i.e., the “standard” or “personalized” language used by channels to convey information). The firm’s resort to a given channel is explained by its internal organization and its valuation of what is a good applicant (depending on its “labor quality convention”). By crossing-over the two types of investment in forms, we distinguish four matching dynamics. Each type of dynamics is illustrated by examples coming from a qualitative survey of recruitment practices in four French service oriented sectors., Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung Vol. 44, No. 1 (2019): Special Issue: Markets, Organizations, and Law – Perspectives of Convention Theory on Economic Practices and Structures. Starting Point and Frequency: Year: 1979, Issues per volume: 4, Volumes per year: 1
- Published
- 2019
28. Activation in practice. Constraints and possibilities for (professional) action on the frontline of public employment services
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Nothdurfter, Urban
- Subjects
Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen ,Labor administration ,Arbeitsmarkt ,Italien ,Soziale Arbeit ,Sozialpolitik ,370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen ,Labor market policy ,Social policy ,Labour administration ,Education ,Labor market ,Sozialpädagogik ,Social work ,ddc:370 ,Arbeitsverwaltung ,Employment service ,Österreich ,Arbeitsvermittlung ,Labour Market ,Aktivierung ,Arbeitsmarktpolitik ,Italy ,Austria ,Employment policy ,Forschungsprojekt ,370 Education - Abstract
Bozen : Bozen-Bolzano University Press 2018, XIV, 275 S. - (Brixen studies in social policy and social science; 6), This book focuses on frontline activation work as the very moment where activation policies encounter their target groups and real-world solutions need to be found. It contributes to the debate on constraints and possibilities of activation work in a field where challenges are often neglected both by social policy and social work research, although it has become a central arena for welfare state intervention and, eventually, for the realisation of social citizenship. Particular attention is paid to the questions as to whether and to what extent professionalising activation work could counteract the precarious and highly individualised role of frontline workers in this rather ambiguous public domain. (DIPF/Orig.)
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- 2018
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29. Street level bureaucracy under pressure: Job insecurity, business logic and challenging users
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Bronzini, M, COLETTO, DIEGO, Sowa, F, Staples, R, Zapfel, S, Bronzini, M, and Coletto, D
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Discretionary power ,housing service ,Italy ,SPS/09 - SOCIOLOGIA DEI PROCESSI ECONOMICI E DEL LAVORO ,Street level bureaucracy ,New public management ,employment service ,street-level bureaucracy ,Public employment offices ,Public service ,Public housing - Abstract
Public administrations are currently affected by different sources of pressure. In Italy, recent governments have attempted to rationalize public spending through top-down cutbacks, the introduction of managerial principles, and the reorganization of public services. Civil servants are undergoing a major transformation also in the relationship with users. The latter express differentiated needs and require greater consideration for their personal situation as a consequence of the process of individualization. At the same time, public opinion remains particularly critical, strengthening negative and stereotyped images of civil servants. Since Lipsky’s study of street level bureaucracy (1980) the presence of leeway due to the variety of requests and regulatory gaps is well known. However, there is little evidence on how this is changing nowadays considering the pressure ‘from above’ to adopt a business logic, the one ‘from below’, and the growing scarcity of resources. Preliminary findings have shown the persistence of significant variations to the standard procedures, in which the discretionary power of public operators still plays an important role. Analyzing everyday practice, a huge effort for the absorption of institutional changes and for mediation between contrasting goals seems to emerge. In this background, we show some preliminary results of two case studies that are part of a broader project covering different fields (social work, healthcare, education, public security, housing and employment centres). Drawing on ethnographic observations and interviews with bureaucrats and managers of public offices (specifically, housing organizations and employment offices), the paper aims to analyze how the new managerial regime, on one hand, and the challenges in the relationship with users, on the other, are reflected in the work cultures, but also in the strategies public servants employ daily. Some questions have driven our work: is the introduction of managerial practices actually reducing discretional power? Is a new organizational culture emerging?
- Published
- 2018
30. Integrated Youth Employment Programs : A Stocktake of Evidence on What Works in Youth Employment Programs
- Author
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Datta, Namita, Assy, Angela Elzir, Buba, Johanne, Johansson De Silva, Sara, and Watson, Samantha
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YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR MARKET ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,SME FINANCE ,JOB CREATION ,SUBSIDIES ,SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ,SKILLS DEVELOPMENT ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP - Abstract
This Note is a stocktake summarizing evidence on “what works” in youth employment programs on both the supply and demand side. Employment outcomes refer both to direct and indirect job creation, including through firm start-up, as well as improvements in the quality of jobs as manifested in higher earnings as self-employment or increases in household income. This paper is based on an extensive desk literature review and analyzes the major meta-analysis and literature reviews on both the labor demand side and labor supply side.The supply side has a large body of evidence and evaluations of the whole Active Labor Market Policies (ALMPs) package as a whole. Kluve et al. (2016) and McKenzie, D. (2017) have a rigorous methodology and provide wide analysis and recommendations of the major studies on the supply side and provide the basis for that section. We supplement this information with key studies which had Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) or rigorous evaluations.In some sense the supply side stocktake is an analysis of a few existing meta analyses complemented by key studies not included in the meta-analysis. On the demand side the evidence base on what works for jobs outcomes is weak – so we used an extensive desk literature review. We include meta analysis where they exist for sections of the demand package (for example micro-credit). For both the supply and demand side, the team worked with experts across thematic areas (Agriculture, Social Protection, Entrepreneurship, Social Development and Urban Development) to ensure we had a mix of literature from the diverse thematic bodies included. The note does not look at evidence on policy reforms that address systemic problems. We recognize that rural and urban investment climates, regulatory frameworks, the overall macro-economic framework, human capital (education and training policy, basic health), are prerequisites for many interventions on the demand side of the labor market to be successful. In what follows, these fundamentals are taken as given and the note focuses primarily on interventions with specific identifiable enterprise, firm or farm beneficiaries, rather than broad investment climate reforms.
- Published
- 2018
31. Governance of labour market services and employability
- Author
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Dario Cavenago, Laura Mariani, M Martini, Farazmand, A, Martini, M, Cavenago, D, and Mariani, L
- Subjects
Labour economics ,SECS-P/07 - ECONOMIA AZIENDALE ,Work (electrical) ,Settore SECS-P/07 - Economia Aziendale ,Corporate governance ,Employment service ,Public policy ,Business ,Employability ,Capability to work ,Employment outcome ,Employment policie - Abstract
The aim of this work is to explain the concept of employability and its role within the public policies for labor market.
- Published
- 2018
32. 'A Job, Any Job' : The UK Benefits System and Employment Services in an Age of Austerity
- Author
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Nicholas Taylor
- Subjects
Labour economics ,Labour market flexibility ,Welfare reform ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Coalition government ,050602 political science & public administration ,030212 general & internal medicine ,job creation ,benefit sanction ,biology ,welfare-to-work ,business.industry ,employment service ,05 social sciences ,Public sector ,Public employment service ,General Medicine ,austerity ,0506 political science ,Austerity ,welfare conditionality ,Toll ,Financial crisis ,biology.protein ,business - Abstract
This paper looks at the recent past of the benefits system and employment services in the UK and how they have operated through more than five years of austerity. The UK presents an interesting case, as the unemployment rate following the financial crisis has recovered faster than expected. The major reforms of welfare-to-work programmes and cuts to the public sector, together with continued labour market flexibility, have been identified as the source of this triumph. Yet behind this apparent success story is another picture. Many public employment service programmes in the UK were contracted out to private employment agencies following the Coalition Government’s 2011 reforms. A much more restrictive and punitive benefits system and an emphasis on pushing people into work, whatever its quality or stability, has driven the rise of precarious and part-time employment.\ud \ud It is an important time to take stock of the effects of continued austerity and public sector job cuts, as well as the extreme shift to a deterrent model of benefit provision. Using the UK context, we might question what makes for a ‘successful’ story on job creation and what kind of social toll there is to advocating “a job, any job” through the benefits and employment services systems. In particular, I suggest that by paying attention to the experience of those who use the benefits and employment services systems, we might learn about the effects of austerity and welfare reform on public services in a more meaningful way.
- Published
- 2017
33. The employment service-unemployment insurance partnership: Origin, evolution, and revitalization
- Author
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Balducchi, David E. and O'Leary, Christopher J.
- Subjects
Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) ,J65 ,Social Security Act ,employment service ,Wagner-Peyser Act ,public policy ,taxable wage base ,social insurance ,ddc:330 ,J68 ,unemployment insurance ,intergovernmental relations ,H83 - Abstract
This study traces the origin and evolution of the partnership between the employment service and unemployment insurance programs in the United States. We examine objectives of the framers of the Wagner-Peyser and Social Security Acts that established these programs. Using primary sources, we then analyze early actions of the architects of social insurance to facilitate cooperation between the two programs to meet economic exigencies, grapple with political cronyism, and surmount legal barriers. We also discuss factors that caused changes in the employment service-unemployment insurance partnership over time. We identify reasons for the erosion in cooperation starting in the 1980s, and explain why ever since there has been a continuous decline in service availability. Reviewing evidence on the effectiveness of in-person employment services for unemployment insurance beneficiaries, we suggest ways to revitalize the employment service-unemployment insurance partnership. We explore the source of Wagner-Peyser Act funding, how it was formalized, then eroded, and how it can be renewed.
- Published
- 2017
34. Job analysis in human resources management: An application on human resources consultancy
- Author
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Ekmekçi, Aykut, Keser, Aşkın, Uludağ Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü/Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Anabilim Dalı/Çalışma Psikolojisi ve İnsan Kaynakları Bilim Dalı., and Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Human resources professionals ,Consultants ,Human resources management ,Professional management ,Electronics human resources management ,İş tanımı ,İş Analizi ,Employment service ,Job analysis ,İnsan kaynakları profesyonelleri ,Job description ,Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri ,Labour Economics and Industrial Relations - Abstract
Günümüz organizasyonlarında dış kaynak kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Bu konuda insan kaynakları yönetimi de örgütlerde her geçen gün daha da uzmanlaşarak departmanlara ayrılmakta ve dış kaynakların bu departmanlara desteği çeşitli şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı birçok örgüt ile kurdukları bağ ve çalışma şekilleriyle İŞKUR'a bağlı olarak çalışmakta olan insan kaynakarları danışmanlık firmalarında görev alan danışmanlarının ve insan kaynakları profesyonellerinin iş analizleri sonucu çıkarılan iş tanımları ile ILO'nun insan kaynakları profesyonelleri için oluşturmuş olduğu iş tanım ve gerekliliklerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın ilk bölümünde iş analizi teorik olarak detaylı şekilde incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümünde ise iş analizinin insan kaynakları fonksiyonları ile olan ilişkisine değinilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise çalışmanın uygulama kısmı O*NET ve iş analizi sonucu elde edilen araştırma verileri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İŞKUR'a bağlı olarak faaliyet gösteren insan kaynakları danışmanlık firmalarında görev alan danışmanlarla birebir gözlem ve anket – soru formu yöntemi ile görüşerek veriler toplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada iş analizi ile insan kaynakları profesyonellerinin yetkinliklerinin neler olması gerektiği ve elde edilen verilere göre insan kaynakları danışmanları iş tanımlarının ILO'nun oluşturduğu iş tanımlarına uygun olduğu açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Öte yandan bu çalışma beş farklı firmada yapılmasıyla genel çerçevede bir iş tanımı ortaya koyarak insan kaynakları profesyonelinin sahip olması gerek genel nitelik ve yetkinlikleri konusunda örnek bir iş analizi çalışmasıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İş Analizi, İş Tanımı, İnsan Kaynakları Profesyonelleri Outsourcing is increasing for organizations in today's business landscape. In this respect, the management of human resources is becoming more specialized in human resources departments, and support of these departments are provided in various ways by outsources. The aim of this study is identify the job descriptions of the human resources professionals who works in human resources consultancy firms which is in service according to İŞKUR's regulation and exemine ILO's job description of human resources professional's for human resources consultants. In the first part of the study, job analysis was theoretically examined in detail. In the second part, the relation of job analysis to human resources functions is mentioned. In the third part, the application part of the work was realized with O*NET data and job analysis data. Data were gathered by the consultants working in the consultancy firms by using one on one interview and questionnaire form methods. In this study, it was tried to explain the job descriptions of the human resources consultants according to the obtained values of the competencies of the job analysis human resources consultants and ILO's job description for human resources professionals. On the other hand, this study is a sample job analysis example about the general qualifications and competencies of the human resources professionals by putting a job definition in the general frame by analyzing five different firms.Keywords: Job Analysis, Job Description, Human Resources Professionals 118
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- 2017
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35. Evaluating public employment programs with field experiments: A survey of American evidence
- Author
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O'Leary, Christopher J.
- Subjects
J48 ,work sharing ,J65 ,employment service ,job search assistance ,J68 ,unemployment insurance ,JSA ,short-time compensation ,field experiments ,self-employment ,ES ,public employment policy ,ddc:330 ,UI ,targeting employment services ,WPRS ,profiling - Abstract
Research in the 1970s based on observational data provided evidence consistent with predictions from economic theory that paying unemployment insurance (UI) benefits to involuntarily jobless workers prolongs unemployment. However, some scholars also reported estimates that the additional time spent in subsidized job search was productive. That is, UI receipt tended to raise reemployment wages after work search among the unemployed. A series of field experiments in the 1980s investigated positive incentives to overcome the work disincentive effects of UI. These were followed by experiments in the 1990s that evaluated the effects of restrictions on UI eligibility through stronger work search requirements and alternative uses of UI. The new century has seen some related field experiments in employment policy, and reexamination of the earlier experimental results. This paper reviews the experimental evidence and considers it in the context of the current federal-state UI system.
- Published
- 2017
36. Social Inclusion in Poland : Key Challenges and Opportunities for Support
- Author
-
Owen, Daniel, Morgandi, Matteo, Malarski, Ryszard, Swinkels, Rob, and Morrica, Valerie
- Subjects
DISADVANTAGED YOUTH ,EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS ,EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES ,INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS ,TRANSITIONAL EMPLOYMENT ,HEALTH INSURANCE ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ,TRAINING PROGRAMS ,LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS ,PROFILING MODEL ,JOB ,PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT ,EMPLOYMENT OFFICE ,DRIVERS ,EMPLOYMENT ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ,UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURES ,MINIMUM WAGES ,LABOR POLICY ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,DISMISSAL ,LOW EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR MARKET POLICIES ,PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT ,UNSUBSIDIZED EMPLOYMENT ,WORKERS ,PROGRAM DELIVERY ,JOBS ,UNEMPLOYED PERSON ,EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ,SUBSIDIZED EMPLOYMENT ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,LABOR OFFICES ,TRAINING PROVIDERS ,EARLY RETIREMENT ,SERVICE SECTOR ,TRAINING PROGRAM ,YOUTH TRAINING ,EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS ,SERVANTS ,FAMILY LABOR ,LABOR SUPPLY ,EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION ,TRAINING CURRICULA ,LOCAL LABOR OFFICES ,WORKER ,UNEMPLOYED ,LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ,EMPLOYMENT GENERATION ,SUBSIDIZED JOBS ,VOLUNTEERS ,JOB SECURITY ,RETIREMENT ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ,PRIMARY OBJECTIVE ,OFFICE WORKERS ,LABOR MARKET ,SAFETY NET ,JOB SEARCH ,VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS ,UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE ,EARNING ,YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT ,JOB TRAINING ,LABOR DEMAND ,EMPLOYABILITY ,MINIMUM WAGE ,PRIVATE PROVIDERS ,LABOR MARKET SERVICES ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS ,SKILLS DEVELOPMENT ,EMPLOYMENT HISTORY ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,PRIVATE SERVICE ,PRODUCT MARKET ,EMPLOYMENT OFFICES ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE ,WAGE LEVELS ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,JOB PLACEMENT ,LOCAL LABOR OFFICE ,ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN ,YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,LABOR MARKET INTERVENTIONS ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ,JOB OFFERS ,LABOR ECONOMICS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,LABOR OFFICE ,PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES ,DISADVANTAGED GROUPS ,JOB OFFER ,EMPLOYEES ,LABOR CONTRACTS ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,LOCAL LABOR MARKET ,EMPLOYABILITY DEVELOPMENT ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,PRIVATE COMPANIES ,LABOR POLICIES ,LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT ,FINDING EMPLOYMENT ,PRIMARY REASON ,UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS ,PROGRAM CONTENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,EMPLOYMENT RATES ,INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ,FEMALE LABOR ,PRIVATE SERVICES ,MANAGEMENT ,WAGE SUBSIDIES ,PAYING JOBS ,LABOR ,VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ,FORMAL LABOR MARKET ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,TRAINING VOUCHER ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,JOB CREATION ,WORK EXPERIENCE ,LABOR FORCE ,EMPLOYMENT POLICY ,PUBLIC WORKS ,VOCATIONAL TRAINING ,PROGRAM COMPLETION ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ,PRESENT VALUE ,OLDER WORKERS ,INCOME SUPPORT ,ON-THE-JOB TRAINING ,ACTIVE LABOR - Abstract
The objective of this policy note is to develop a set of actionable recommendations for tackling poverty and social exclusion in Poland based on evidence. In recent years, the World Bank has deepened its engagement in Poland around issues of social inclusion, through work on effective labor market and activation policies, social assistance benefits, and investment financing for local social inclusion initiatives. This note purports to integrate the outputs of these activities and complement them with insights from the new analytical work to develop recommendations for the government of Poland for program choices to enhance the impact of inclusion programs and employment services. This policy note is structured as follows: (i) introduction; (ii) section two provides a definition of social inclusion and describes the country context by key trends and key groups at risk of social exclusion; (iii) section three provides an overview of the institutional set-up to deliver policies for social inclusion at the national and local level and presents an assessment of the achievements and challenges of key policy instruments (employment services, social benefits, social services, and the work of civil society); (iv) section four focuses on two recent operational experiences of relevance to a future operation: an assessment of the execution of the European Social Fund in Poland against the social and labor agendas and a presentation of the learning generated through the social inclusion component of the World Bank Post Accession Rural Support Project; and (v) section five illustrates areas for potential intervention at the policy and operational level in Poland. Recognizing that social inclusion outcomes are the result of a complex set of factors on the demand and supply side,recommendations include macro-level institutional reforms and changes to local service delivery for inclusion of vulnerable groups, mobilization and capacity support, strategies for local employment generation, and monitoring and accountability support.
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- 2016
37. Skills for Work in Bulgaria : The Relationship between Cognitive and Socioemotional Skills and Labor Market Outcomes
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
DISADVANTAGED YOUTH ,INVESTMENT ,POST SECONDARY EDUCATION ,TRAINING SYSTEM ,LABOR ORGANIZATION ,CHILDREN ,PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES ,UNPAID WORKERS ,PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ,EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ,TRAINING PROGRAMS ,CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ,JOB ,PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT ,QUALITY OF EDUCATION ,YOUNG PEOPLE ,EMPLOYMENT ,DISCIPLINE ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ,AVERAGE WAGES ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT ,PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PERSONALITY ,LABOR MARKET POLICIES ,VALUES ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,WOMEN ,WORKERS ,EDUCATION ,SCIENCE ,JOBS ,LABOUR MARKET ,EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ,OCCUPATIONS ,LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE ,CURRICULUM ,PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS ,GROUPS ,GIRLS ,LABOR MARKET SUCCESS ,OCCUPATION ,LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES ,SKILL REQUIREMENTS ,PRIVATE COMPANY ,SERVICE SECTOR ,TRAINING PROGRAM ,YOUTH TRAINING ,READING ,SKILLED WORKERS ,BASIC SKILLS ,STUDENT PERFORMANCE ,LABOR SUPPLY ,STUDENTS ,AGE GROUP ,WORKER ,URBAN WORKERS ,BASIC EDUCATION ,UNEMPLOYED ,LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ,LABOR MARKET OUTCOME ,SCHOOLS ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,COGNITIVE SKILLS ,NUMERACY ,AGE GROUPS ,FORMAL SCHOOLING ,MALE WORKERS ,LABOR MARKET ,SAFETY NET ,JOB SEARCH ,LITERACY ,FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM ,WORKFORCE SKILLS ,EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ,EARNING ,YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT ,JOB TRAINING ,LABOR DEMAND ,EMPLOYABILITY ,STUDENT ASSESSMENT ,SKILLS DEVELOPMENT ,FUNCTIONAL LITERACY ,ABSENTEEISM ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ,SKILLS ASSESSMENT ,EMPLOYEE ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE ,CREATIVE THINKING ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,LABOUR ,TEACHING METHODS ,EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ,LIFE SKILLS ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,EDUCATION PROGRAMS ,WAGE PREMIUMS ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,EMPLOYMENT RATE ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ,ACCESS TO PRESCHOOL ,PARTICIPATION RATES ,FORMAL EDUCATION ,YOUTH ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,SKILLS ,LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,HIGH EMPLOYMENT ,EMPLOYEES ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,TRAINING ,JOB PERFORMANCE ,PARTICIPATION ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,RETURNS TO EDUCATION ,TEACHING ,SKILLED LABOR ,LEARNING ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,EMPLOYMENT RATES ,FEMALE LABOR ,LIFELONG LEARNING ,MANAGEMENT ,KNOWLEDGE ,LABOR ,VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,TRAINING VOUCHER ,JOB SKILL ,WORK EXPERIENCE ,LABOR FORCE ,WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC WORKS ,MANPOWER ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ,LEADERSHIP ,SCHOOLING ,ON-THE-JOB TRAINING ,ACTIVE LABOR - Abstract
Bulgaria is undergoing both a rapid demographic transition and a significant structural shift in its economy. Increasing longevity combined with low fertility and emigration have made Bulgaria’s age structure increasingly top-heavy and its dependency ratios higher. At the same time, the economic sectors that absorbed low-skilled workers during the high-growth early 2000s, such as construction and manufacturing, were those that contracted most during the 2008–09 economic crisis and they have not yet recovered. Meanwhile, activities demanding high-skilled labor, such as financial and business services and information, communication, and technology (ICT), have been faring relatively well. This study uses a new dataset with direct measures of cognitive and socio-emotional skills to examine the relationship between skills and labor market outcomes in Bulgaria. For a long time, labor market studies had to rely on formal educational attainment as a measure of an individual’s skills. However, the correlation between formal education and skills is not perfect, and not all diplomas are equal in terms of imparting certain skills to students. Moreover, valuable skills can be acquired without formal diplomas, for example through on-the-job training or learning-by doing. In addition to using educational attainment this study therefore looks at direct measures of two types of skills that employer’s value: cognitive skills, such as functional literacy and numeracy, and socio-emotional skills, such as self-discipline, perseverance, and ability to work well with others. The objective is to assess the extent to which these direct measures shed light on what matters for labor market success, defined as being in the labor force, being employed, and earning more. This analysis relies on original data (the Bulgarian Longitudinal Inclusive Society Survey, BLISS) collected by the World Bank and Open Society Institute–Sofia in the spring of 2013, which for the first time in the country included nationally-representative information on the cognitive and socio-emotional skills of the working-age population.
- Published
- 2016
38. When Do Gender Wage Differences Emerge? A Study of Azerbaijan's Labor Market
- Author
-
Pastore, Francesco, Sattar, Sarosh, Sinha, Nistha, and Tiongson, Erwin R.
- Subjects
GENDER GAP ,UNION MEMBERS ,SELF-ESTEEM ,LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES ,CHILD HEALTH ,SKILL LEVEL ,TRAINING PROGRAMS ,JOB ,EDUCATIONAL LEVELS ,EARLY MARRIAGE ,YOUNG PEOPLE ,SELF-EMPLOYED ACCOUNT ,DRIVERS ,FIRM SIZE ,EMPLOYMENT ,WAGE DIFFERENTIALS ,EARLY MARRIAGES ,YOUNG ADULTS ,POLICY MAKERS ,PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY ,POPULATION ,health care economics and organizations ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,P30 ,MATERNITY SERVICES ,PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL ,NUMBER OF CHILDREN ,PLACE OF RESIDENCE ,AGE DISTRIBUTION ,WOMEN ,WORKERS ,JOBS ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,TEENAGERS ,MOTHER ,LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE ,OLDER AGE GROUPS ,OCCUPATION ,LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES ,UNION MEMBERSHIP ,GENDER DISCRIMINATION ,KIDS ,LABOR SUPPLY ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,TOTAL EMPLOYMENT ,INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION ,AGE GROUP ,WORKER ,WAGE GROWTH ,CHILD-BEARING ,LABOR RELATIONS ,UNEMPLOYED ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,LABOUR SUPPLY ,PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES ,decomposition analysis ,JOB MATCHES ,RURAL AREAS ,JOB SECURITY ,SECONDARY EDUCATION ,MARRIED WOMEN ,EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ,YOUNG MEN ,AGE GROUPS ,HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ,PROGRESS ,ADULT WOMEN ,IMPORTANT POLICY ,LABOR MARKET ,MALE COUNTERPARTS ,J15 ,JOB SEARCH ,J16 ,MATERNITY LEAVE ,J13 ,PREVIOUS ONE ,YOUNG ADULT ,FIRST MARRIAGE ,school-to-work transitions ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,AGED WORKERS ,YOUNG AGE ,POLICY IMPLICATIONS ,EARNING ,J7 ,JOB TRAINING ,TERTIARY EDUCATION ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,LEVEL OF EDUCATION ,EMPLOYMENT SHARE ,earnings equations ,LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE ,WAGE PREMIUM ,IMMIGRANT ,BIG CITY ,NATIONAL POPULATION ,J24 ,EMPLOYMENT OFFICES ,LABOR SURVEYS ,WAGE DISTRIBUTION ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,LABOUR ,WAGE RATES ,WAGE INEQUALITY ,YOUNG WOMEN ,J31 ,AVERAGE WAGE ,MARRIAGE ,early labor market outcomes ,gender wage gap and dynamics ,JOB DISSATISFACTION ,WOMAN ,JOB FAIRS ,DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ,POLICIES ,WAGE EMPLOYMENT ,DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ,GENDER DIFFERENCES ,POLICY ,ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PROGRAMS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,EMPLOYEES ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,RESPECT ,I21 ,INTERNATIONAL POLICY ,TRAINING ,MIGRATION ,YOUNG WORKERS ,POLICY RESEARCH ,CHILD BIRTH ,CHILD CARE ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,CHILDBEARING ,HOUSEHOLD SIZE ,FEMALE LABOR ,TEENAGE WOMEN ,ddc:330 ,GROSS WAGE ,PAYING JOBS ,PRIMARY SCHOOL ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,LABOR ,WORKFORCE ,VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ,FAMILY FORMATION ,MARITAL STATUS ,GENDER EQUALITY ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,PRODUCTIVE SECTOR ,PREVIOUS DISCUSSION ,PRIME AGE ,WORK EXPERIENCE ,LABOR FORCE ,MANPOWER ,DISCRIMINATION ,VOCATIONAL TRAINING ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ,WAGE GAP ,URBAN AREAS ,TRAINING TYPE ,FAMILY INCOME ,ON-THE-JOB TRAINING - Abstract
Building on recent analyses that find a sizeable overall gender wage gap in Azerbaijan's workforce, this paper uses data on young workers in their early years in the labor market to understand how gender wage gaps evolve over time, if at all. The paper uses a unique database from a survey of young people ages 15–29 years. The analysis provides evidence that new labor market entrants begin with little or no gender differences in earnings, but a wage gap gradually emerges over time closer to the childbearing years. The gender wage gap grows from virtually zero, or even a small, positive gap in favor of women, until age 20 years, to about 20 percent two years later and even more than 30 percent at age 29 years. The gap in labor supply rises from almost zero to about 20 percent during the years from 19 to 22, while the gap in hours worked falls from positive (up to six hours per week more than their male counterparts) to negative (up to five hours per week less) over the same period in the life cycle. When decomposing the gap at different deciles of the wage distribution, it appears that most of it is at the lower and upper ends of the distribution, among young adults and prime-age workers. Selection of women into employment is strong and strongly skill-based: when controlling for sample selection bias, the gender gap becomes positive.
- Published
- 2016
39. Promoting Active Aging in Russia : Working Longer and More Productively
- Author
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Levin, Victoria
- Subjects
ADULT TRAINING ,CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ,CHILDREN ,LABOUR MARKETS ,LOW UNEMPLOYMENT ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ,JOB ,AGING ,DRIVERS ,EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR REGULATIONS ,TRAINING SERVICES ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ,PRODUCT INNOVATIONS ,AVERAGE WAGES ,WORKING CONDITIONS ,MIGRANTS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,LABOR MARKET POLICIES ,PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT ,WORKERS ,JOBS ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,LABOUR MARKET ,DEPRESSION ,UNEMPLOYED PERSON ,OCCUPATIONS ,RISK FACTORS ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,TRAINING PROVIDERS ,OCCUPATION ,YOUNGER WORKERS ,HEALTH ,EARLY RETIREMENT ,SMOKING ,WALKING ,STROKE ,AGED ,PENSION ACCOUNT ,SERVANTS ,LABOR SUPPLY ,AGE GROUP ,WORKER ,UNEMPLOYED ,LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT ,EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS ,PART- TIME EMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYED WORKERS ,JOB LOSS ,RETIREMENT ,AVERAGE EARNING ,PREVIOUS STUDIES ,AGE GROUPS ,HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ,OLDER PEOPLE ,LABOR MARKET ,JOB SEARCH ,HYPERTENSION ,MORTALITY ,RISKS ,EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ,EARNING ,JOB TRAINING ,EMPLOYABILITY ,MINIMUM WAGE ,JOB SEEKERS ,CONTRIBUTION RATE ,MARKETING ,MENTAL ,ABSENTEEISM ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,LIFESTYLE ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ,UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS ,EMPLOYEE ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE ,PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,LABOUR ,LABOR CONTRACT ,LABOUR FORCE ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,EMPLOYMENT POLICIES ,VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION ,EARNINGS GROWTH ,AVERAGE WAGE ,YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ,FINDING JOBS ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,WELL-FUNCTIONING LABOR MARKET ,EMPLOYMENT RATE ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ,HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE ,EMPLOYMENT SECURITY ,HEALTH CARE ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,SUBSTITUTION EFFECT ,EMPLOYEES ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,PAYROLL TAX ,EMPLOYMENT PAPER ,EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION ,MIGRATION ,YOUNG WORKERS ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,FINDING EMPLOYMENT ,INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS ,PEOPLE ,EMPLOYMENT RATES ,FEMALE LABOR ,LIFELONG LEARNING ,MANAGEMENT ,WAGE SUBSIDIES ,STRATEGY ,LABOR ,INTERNET ,LABOR MARKETS ,VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ,PRODUCTIVE WORK ,CONTINUED EMPLOYMENT ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,JOB CREATION ,WORK EXPERIENCE ,LABOR FORCE ,UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ,CURRENT LABOR FORCE ,FOOD INDUSTRY ,OBSERVATION ,OLDER WORKERS ,WEIGHT ,INCOME SUPPORT ,ON-THE-JOB TRAINING ,ACTIVE LABOR - Abstract
A shrinking working-age population will be the Russian Federations biggest demographic challenge in coming decades. With workers increasingly scarce, sustainable future economic development depends on Russias ability to bring into the labor force currently under-utilized groups, such as young mothers and older people, and to maximize the productivity of every worker. This study assesses the projected dynamics of the working-age population and how changes in labor force participation may affect the future workforce. It also assesses the potential contribution of individual factors to either facilitate or deter the participation of older Russians in the labor force. A review of disincentives for labor force participation in current social insurance programs and labor institutions is followed by policy proposals to help prolong the working lives of older adults.
- Published
- 2015
40. Social Impact Assessment of Croatian Railway Reforms
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
PASSENGERS ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,TAX ,TRAINING SYSTEM ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,LAID-OFF WORKERS ,TRAM ,HEALTH INSURANCE ,EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ,TRAINING PROGRAMS ,JOB ,RAILWAY COMPANIES ,RAILWAYS ,ROAD ,TRIPS ,DRIVERS ,EMPLOYMENT ,RETRAINING PROGRAM ,CARS ,TRANSPORT MARKET ,UNION REPRESENTATIVE ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,DISMISSAL ,INVESTMENTS ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,WORKERS ,JOBS ,UNEMPLOYED PERSON ,CAR ,RAILWAY ,OCCUPATIONS ,TRANSPORT SECTOR ,OCCUPATION ,YOUNGER WORKERS ,EARLY RETIREMENT ,LABOR COSTS ,PRIVATE COMPANY ,TRANSPARENCY ,TRAINING GROUP ,UNION REPRESENTATIVES ,WORKER ,RAILWAY LINE ,UNEMPLOYED ,RAILWAY SECTOR ,UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT ,PENSIONERS ,SEVERANCE PAYMENT ,VOLUNTEERS ,RETIREMENT ,SERVICE PROVIDER ,ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT ,BUSES ,LABOR MARKET ,JOB SEARCH ,RAIL ,TRAINS ,RETRENCHED WORKERS ,RAILWAY LINES ,COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT ,TRUE ,SEVERANCE PAYMENTS ,LOCOMOTIVE ,ATTRITION ,COSTS ,TRANSIT ,UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS ,EMPLOYEE ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,LABOUR ,ROUTE ,PASSENGERS DAILY ,UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES ,ROADS ,INCOME TAX ,FINDING JOBS ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,VACATIONS ,POLICIES ,DRIVING ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS ,UNEMPLOYED PERSONS ,TRAVEL ,UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUAL ,SAFETY ,JOB OFFER ,EMPLOYEES ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,PASSENGER TRANSPORT ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,SOCIOLOGISTS ,TRAINING ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,PRIVATE COMPANIES ,GASOLINE ,TRAFFIC ,TRANSPORT SERVICES ,PASSENGER TRAFFIC ,EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP ,MEANS OF TRANSPORT ,RAILWAY ROUTE ,RAIL LINE ,MOTORWAY NETWORK ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,BUS ,UNSKILLED WORKERS ,PREVIOUS WORK ,TRANSPORT INVESTMENT ,MANAGEMENT ,FREIGHT ,PRIMARY SCHOOL ,LABOR ,VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ,RETRAINING PROGRAMS ,PASSENGER SERVICES ,TRUCKS ,TRAFFIC SAFETY ,TRAINING PLAN ,WORK EXPERIENCE ,INSPECTION ,RAILWAY WORKERS ,LABOR FORCE ,TRANSPORT ,TRANSPORTATION ,MANPOWER ,DISABILITIES ,OLDER WORKERS ,ROAD TRANSPORT ,FINANCIAL COMPENSATION ,TRAINING COURSES - Abstract
In Croatia, initial steps to reform the railway sector date back to the middle of the first decade of the 2000s, with the formation of Croatian railways as a holding company. To help with further reforms of the Croatian railway sector, over the period 2011-2013, the World Bank was engaged in dialogue with the Croatian Government and the Croatian railway companies which resulted in a Croatian railway policy note. The poverty and social impact analysis (PSIA) is an analysis of the intended and unintended consequences of policy reforms on the wellbeing or welfare of different social groups, with particular focus on the poor and vulnerable. PSIA offers a set of analytical and process tools that: (a) determine distributional impacts to improve the analytical underpinnings of policy making; and (b) engage appropriate stakeholders in the policy-making process. The report is divided into following sections: first section gives executive summary. The introduction provides information on the economic situation in Croatia, including unemployment rates and pensions, the situation of the railway sector, and data on the restructuring process of the Croatian railways companies in second section. The third section contains the results obtained from the group discussions and in-depth interviews which are divided into four parts: the circumstances upon leaving the railway companies, after leaving, transferring to a new workplace, and the broader impacts on the community, including the impacts of closed and reduced lines. The last part of the section contains recommendations based on the obtained results.
- Published
- 2015
41. The Private Sector and Youth Skills and Employment Programs in Low and Middle-Income Countries
- Author
-
Glick, Peter J., Huang, Crystal, and Mejia, Nelly
- Subjects
DISADVANTAGED YOUTH ,EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS ,EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES ,INVESTMENT ,PROCESS EVALUATION ,CHILDREN ,EDUCATION SYSTEMS ,TRAINING PROGRAMS ,CLASSROOM ,DEADWEIGHT LOSS ,JOB ,SUITABLE EMPLOYMENT ,TRAINING CENTERS ,YOUNG PEOPLE ,QUALITY ASSURANCE ,EMPLOYMENT ,JOB SEARCHES ,CAREER COUNSELING ,TRAINING SERVICES ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ,PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PERSONALITY ,RETENTION RATES ,PRIVATE PROVISION ,PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ,CURRICULA ,PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT ,FORMAL TRAINING ,WOMEN ,WORKERS ,EDUCATION ,JOBS ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT ,PRIVATE COST ,WAGE SUBSIDY ,EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ,SUBSIDIZED EMPLOYMENT ,OCCUPATIONS ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,CURRICULUM ,GROUPS ,INFORMAL TRAINING ,GIRLS ,TRAINING PROVIDERS ,LABOR MARKET SUCCESS ,OCCUPATION ,LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES ,SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS ,TRAINING PROGRAM ,YOUTH TRAINING ,INTERVENTIONS ,EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS ,READING ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET INTERVENTIONS ,LABOR SUPPLY ,TEACHERS ,PRIVATE FIRM ,EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION ,STUDENTS ,WORKER ,PAYROLL TAXES ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,YOUTHEMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYED ,LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ,EMPLOYMENT GENERATION ,SCHOOLS ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,SOCIAL SKILLS ,TRAINING INSTITUTIONS ,COGNITIVE SKILLS ,RURAL AREAS ,NUMERACY ,LOCAL FIRMS ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ,LABOR MARKET ,JOB SKILLS ,DECISION MAKING ,JOB SEARCH ,LITERACY ,PRIVATE TRAINING ,FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM ,YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT ,JOB TRAINING ,LABOR DEMAND ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ,PRIVATE PROVIDERS ,JOB SEEKERS ,SKILLS DEVELOPMENT ,LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE ,PROGRAM DESIGN ,FEES ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC AGENCIES ,PRIVATE SERVICE ,PRIVATE FIRMS ,EMPLOYEE ,LABOR MARKET NEEDS ,TEXTBOOKS ,EMPLOYMENT STATUS ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,LABOUR ,JOB PLACEMENT ,PARTNERSHIPS ,TRAINING INSTITUTES ,DESIGNING CURRICULA ,LIFE SKILLS ,YOUTH LABOR ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,HIGHLY QUALIFIED TEACHERS ,LABOR MARKET INTERVENTIONS ,ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ,QUALIFIED TEACHERS ,SUPPLIERS ,FORMAL EDUCATION ,YOUTH ,SKILLS ,SCHOOL QUALITY ,EMPLOYEES ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS ,CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION ,SELF-EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION ,SCHOOLING ATTAINMENT ,DEADWEIGHT ,TRAINING ,TRAINING COSTS ,YOUNG WORKERS ,JOB EXPERIENCE ,PARTICIPATION ,INSTRUCTION ,TEACHING ,SKILLED LABOR ,LEARNING ,SCHOOL SYSTEM ,UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS ,ADULT EDUCATION ,NEW ENTRANTS ,TECHNICAL EDUCATION ,PRIVATE SCHOOLS ,MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS ,PUBLIC SCHOOLS ,KNOWLEDGE ,WAGE SUBSIDIES ,LABOR ,VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ,VOCATIONAL SKILLS ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ,WORK EXPERIENCE ,DROPOUT RATES ,LABOR FORCE ,GENERAL EDUCATION ,SKILLS TRAINING ,CURRICULUM DESIGN ,EMPLOYMENT POLICY ,WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC WORKS ,VOCATIONAL TRAINING ,SKILLED WORKFORCE ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ,LEADERSHIP ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING ,PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ,SCHOOLING ,INCOME SUPPORT ,ON-THE-JOB TRAINING ,ACTIVE LABOR - Abstract
Getting youth into productive employment is an urgent policy issue for countries around the world. Many governments in low and middle-income countries are actively engaged in policies to help youth attain the skills they need to do well in work and in life, as well as to find suitable employment. The involvement of the private sector in youth skills development and employment is a complex issue because the nature of the firms and their motivations vary significantly. Multinational corporations operating in low and middle-income countries may be motivated by direct productivity or profit objectives - to secure a skilled workforce, or reliable suppliers - but also, or even primarily, by corporate social responsibility (CSR) factors. Firms that supply training or employment services will be driven by profit considerations when entering these markets and deciding what services to offer and to whom. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to provide a comprehensive look at the way the private sector is involved in youth skills and employment in low- and middle-income countries, considering the broad range of program types and firm types; (2) to present and interpret the available evidence of the effectiveness of this involvement; and (3) to understand where the private sector has been most effective at promoting young people’s labor market success, and what can be done to enhance the role of the private sector to achieve this objective. The report is organized as follows: chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two provides background to the analysis of the private sector role in youth employment in low- and middle-income countries. In chapter three the authors characterize the private sector’s role more systematically using the youth employment inventory, a global database of interventions that are designed to integrate young people into the labor market. Chapter four reviews the evidence of effectiveness of youth interventions involving the private sector. Chapter five briefly draws together strands from the previous review, as well as from the broader literature, to gain an understanding of the institutional and other factors leading to (and in other cases preventing) successful public-private partnerships for youth employment. Chapter six summarizes the main findings of this review, and is followed by a discussion of key gaps in knowledge on the role of the private sector in different types of youth employment intervention that future research should attempt to address, and a review of the main lessons for policy and programming emerging from the study.
- Published
- 2015
42. Use of unemployment insurance and public employment services after leaving welfare
- Author
-
O'Leary, Christopher J.
- Subjects
I38 ,unemployment ,J65 ,employment service ,J68 ,unemployment insurance ,public assistance ,welfare ,Wagner-Peyser ,ddc:330 ,temporary assistance to needy families ,social safety net ,low-income ,self-sufficiency - Abstract
In this paper I examine the rates at which adults in households recently receiving Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) become jobless, apply for and receive unemployment insurance (UI) benefits, and participate in publicly funded employment services. I also investigate the correlation of UI and employment services receipt with maintenance of self-sufficiency through return to work and independence from TANF. The analysis is based on person-level administrative program records from four of the nine largest states between 1997 and 2003. Evidence suggests that three-quarters of new TANF leavers experience joblessness within three years, and one-quarter of the newly jobless apply for UI benefits. About 87 percent of UI applicants have sufficient prior earnings to qualify for UI benefits; however, only about 44 percent qualify based on their job separation reasons. Among all UI applicants, TANF leavers were found to have much higher rates of voluntary quits and employer dismissals than non- TANF leavers. Nonetheless, 50 percent of TANF leavers who apply for UI ultimately receive benefits. Public employment services are used by one-quarter of newly jobless TANF leavers. Among UI applicants, more than 75 percent use public employment services whether they receive UI benefits or not, while only 14 percent of newly jobless TANF leavers who do not apply for UI choose to use public employment services. Among TANF leavers who become jobless and apply for UI, the rate of return to TANF is lower for those who receive UI benefits. Rates of return to TANF are highest among nonbeneficiary UI applicants and non-UI applicants with low recent earnings.
- Published
- 2015
43. Mental health costs, other public costs, and family burden among mental health clients in capitated integrated service agencies
- Author
-
Chandler, Daniel, Hu, Teh-wei, Meisel, Joan, McGowen, Michelle, and Madison, Kristin
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Policies for displaced workers: An american perspective
- Author
-
O'Leary, Christopher J.
- Subjects
job training ,J65 ,direct job creation ,employment service ,public employment policy ,displaced workers ,ddc:330 ,J68 ,reemployment ,wage subsidies ,unemployment insurance ,self-employment - Abstract
American employment policy for displaced workers started in the Great Depression with programs for the employment service, unemployment insurance, work experience, and direct job creation. Assistance for workers displaced by foreign competition emerged in the 1960s along with formalized programs for occupational job skill training. The policy focus on displaced workers was sharpened in the 1980s through the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act and the Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance Act. Field experiments on services to dislocated workers led to Worker Profiling and Reemployment Services systems in all states, and federal rules adopted as part of the North American Free Trade Agreement Act permitted UI benefit receipt while starting self-employment. Evaluation evidence suggests there should be continuous connection of unemployment compensation recipients to reemployment services, skill training closely connected to employer requirements, earnings supplements to ease transitions to different jobs, efforts to maintain and strengthen employer-employee relationships, information channels to employees and communities about impending employment disruptions, and targeting of services to improve returns on public investments. While no silver bullet emerges to solve worker displacement, many different programs addressing a variety of needs can improve labor market outcomes after permanent job loss.
- Published
- 2010
45. Employer wage subsidies and wages in Germany: Some evidence from individual data
- Author
-
Stephan, Gesine and Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (IAB)
- Subjects
Economics ,Lohn ,difference-in-differences estimator ,Labor Market Policy ,Federal Republic of Germany ,wages ,Wage subsidies ,industrial relations ,Zuschuss ,activating labor market policy ,empirisch-quantitativ ,ddc:330 ,Labor Market Research ,J31 ,berufliche Integration ,Arbeitsvermittlung ,aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ,quantitative empirical ,J58 ,J38 ,propensity score matching ,Arbeitsmarktforschung ,employment service ,empirisch ,job stability ,Wirtschaft ,occupational integration ,Arbeitsförderung ,employment promotion ,Arbeitsmarktpolitik ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,wage ,empirical ,grant - Abstract
"Eingliederungszuschüsse sind zeitlich befristete Lohnkostenzuschüsse, die Arbeitgeber bei der Einstellung von Personen mit eingeschränkter Vermittelbarkeit erhalten können. In Deutschland sind sie ein wichtiges Instrument der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Dieser Beitrag nutzt Prozessdaten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, um die Arbeitsentgelte von Personen, die mit einem solchen Eingliederungszuschuss gefördert wurden, mit denen ähnlicher, aber ungefördert eingestellter Personen zu vergleichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass geförderte Beschäftigungsverhältnisse im Mittel weder mit höheren noch mit geringeren Tagesentgelten einhergehen. Da geförderte Personen jedoch in der Folgezeit mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit beschäftigt sind als vergleichbare ungeförderte Personen, fallen ihre kumulierten Arbeitsentgelte über einen längeren Zeitraum betrachtet höher aus." (Autorenreferat) "In Germany, targeted wage subsidies to employers are an important instrument of active labor market policy. This paper utilizes process generated data of the German Public Employment Service to compare the wages of individuals taking up a subsidized job with those of otherwise similar individuals who found an unsubsidized job. The results indicate that subsidized jobs are not associated with gains or losses regarding daily wages, which might be contributed to wage setting within the German system of industrial relations. Nonetheless, because subsequent employment rates of subsidized persons are higher on average, we find a positive relationship between cumulated wages and subsidization." (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2009
46. Do more placement officers lead to lower unemployment? Evidence from Germany
- Author
-
Hainmueller, Jens, Hofmann, Barbara, Krug, Gerhard, Wolf, Katja, and Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (IAB)
- Subjects
unemployment ,Economics ,J68 ,Labor Market Policy ,Arbeitslosigkeit ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Genetic Matching ,Labour Market Policy ,quantity ,counselor ,ddc:330 ,C14 ,Labor Market Research ,Evaluation ,Berater ,berufliche Integration ,Arbeitsvermittlung ,Bundesagentur für Arbeit ,Arbeitsmarktforschung ,anwendungsorientiert ,Caseload ,employment service ,empirisch ,Wirtschaft ,occupational integration ,Arbeitsmarktpolitik ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,applied research ,H43 ,Quantität ,empirical - Abstract
"Die Bundesagentur für Arbeit hat im Mai 2007 ein Pilotprojekt gestartet, bei dem in 14 Dienststellen der Betreuungssschlüssel (Zahl der Arbeitslosen pro Vermittler) deutlich reduziert wurde. Da die teilnehmenden Dienststellen nicht zufällig ausgewählt wurden, ist bei der Evaluation eine mögliche Selektionsverzerrung zu berücksichtigen. Aus diesem Grund verwenden wir eine Kombination aus Matching und Differenz-in-Differenzen-Schätzansatz. Als Indikatoren für den Erfolg des Modellprojekts wird die Arbeitslosenquote und die Veränderung der SGB III-Kundenzahl herangezogen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich der verbesserte Betreuungsschlüssel auf beide Erfolgsgrößen positiv auswirkt." [Autorenreferat] "In this paper we examine the effect of a pilot project of the German Federal Employment Agency, where in 14 German local employment offices the caseload (number of unemployed per caseworker) was significantly reduced. Since the participating local offices were not chosen at random, we have to take into account potential selection bias. Therefore, we rely on a combination of matching and a difference-in-differences estimator. We use two indicators of the offices’ success (unemployment rate, growth of the number of SCIII clients). Our results indicate a positive effect of a lower caseload on both outcome variables." [authora abstract]
- Published
- 2009
47. Improving the Business Environment in Latvia : The Impact of FIAS Assistance
- Author
-
Liepina, Sanda, Coolidge, Jacqueline, and Grava, Lars
- Subjects
ADVISORY SERVICE ,CUSTOMS ,ACTION PLANS ,GROWTH RATES ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,WORLD TRADE ,EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ,TAX PREPARATION ,ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION ,PROSPERITY ,INFLATION ,VERIFICATION ,QUALITY ASSURANCE ,NEW COMPANY ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,BANK LOAN ,GUARANTEE AGENCY ,REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ,CUSTOMS DECLARATIONS ,MEDIUM ENTERPRISE ,BRIBES ,GOVERNMENT INFORMATION ,HOURLY WAGE ,TRANSPARENCY ,PAYMENT METHODS ,RESPONSIBILITIES ,QUESTIONNAIRE ,WEB SITES ,INCOMES ,NEW BUSINESS ,UNEMPLOYED ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,PURCHASING POWER ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORM ,ID ,INCOME INEQUALITY ,PURCHASING ,UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE ,REFORM PROGRAM ,BARRIER ,COPYRIGHT ,COST SAVINGS ,BUSINESS REGISTRATION ,MINIMUM WAGE ,BUSINESS CLIMATE ,FIXED CAPITAL ,CONSUMERS ,ENTREPRENEURS ,BUSINESS INDICATOR ,TRANSITION COUNTRY ,COST OF LABOR ,REGISTRATION PROCESS ,TOTAL SAVINGS ,BEST-PRACTICE ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,CUSTOMER SERVICE ,WORTH ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,AVERAGE WAGE ,NEW BUSINESSES ,RESULT ,INCOME TAX ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORMS ,BARRIERS TO ENTRY ,OUTPUTS ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE ,CC ,WEB ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,EQUITY CAPITAL ,TELECOMMUNICATIONS ,EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT ,CURRENCY ,BUSINESS INDICATORS ,VIDEO ,CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ,FINANCIAL STATISTICS ,ALLEVIATION OF POVERTY ,UNION ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ,TAX LAWS ,MARKET FAILURES ,GLOBALIZATION ,LABOR MARKETS ,REAL ESTATE ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,POVERTY ALLEVIATION ,COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER ,RESULTS ,INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS ,MATH ,CORRUPTION ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,INSPECTION ,BUSINESSES ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,BROCHURES ,WEB SITE ,INSPECTIONS ,TRACK RECORDS ,BUSINESS COMMUNITY ,MARKET ECONOMY ,GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ,QUALITY OF WORK ,TRANSACTION ,TERM CONTRACT ,TAX RATES ,VALUATION ,TAX ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,REDUCTION IN TIME ,DEVELOPING COUNTRY ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,ENTREPRENEUR ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,WESTERN EUROPE ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT ,BARRIERS TO INVESTMENT ,TRAINING PROGRAMS ,FINANCE CORPORATION ,ANNUAL INCOME ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,BEST PRACTICE ,BUSINESS REGULATION ,BENEFICIARIES ,STAKEHOLDERS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,BUYERS ,EXPATRIATE ,RED TAPE ,TRANSITION COUNTRIES ,LICENSES ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,CALCULATIONS ,E-MAIL ,ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS ,LAW ENFORCEMENT ,ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS ,LIVING STANDARDS ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,DEMOCRACY ,CLIENT COUNTRIES ,TOTAL COST ,BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS ,PENSIONERS ,IMPACT ANALYSIS ,TYPE OF COST ,CALCULATION ,WAGES ,GOVERNMENT ACTION ,INSTITUTION ,KEY CHALLENGE ,LABOR MARKET ,REGISTRATION PROCESSES ,SUPERVISION ,CONTRIBUTION ,CONTRIBUTIONS ,INVESTMENT COMMUNITY ,TRANSLATION ,VULNERABLE GROUPS ,GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS ,APPLICATION PROCESSES ,MARKETING ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ACCESS TO FINANCE ,TELEPHONE ,ENTERPRISE REGISTRATION ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,ACCESSIBILITY ,ELECTRICITY ,LAND MARKETS ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,ACTION PLAN ,PRIVATE SECTORS ,ACCOUNT ,LEGISLATIVE REFORMS ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,SALARY ,VALUATIONS ,PURCHASING POWER PARITY ,FOREIGN CITIZENS ,DIRECT CREDIT ,USES ,OUTPUT ,PROBABILITY ,CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,LICENSE ,INSURANCE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,BUSINESS OPERATIONS ,PROTOCOLS ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,BUSINESS CONFIDENCE ,EXPENDITURES ,MONOPOLIES ,GROWTH RATE ,MACROECONOMIC POLICY ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,TAX LEGISLATION ,MATERIAL ,ACQUISITION ,POWER PARITY ,JOB CREATION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE ,DOMESTIC INVESTORS ,LABOR FORCE ,SAVINGS ,ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIER ,QUERIES ,BUSINESS SURVEYS ,ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS ,LACK OF INFORMATION ,ADVISORY SERVICES - Abstract
This paper tracks the process through which FIAS, the investment climate advisory service of the World Bank Group advised the government of Latvia from 1998 to 2004 on ways to improve the business environment, achieve higher rates of economic growth, and thereby alleviate poverty. This case study shows that it is reasonable to describe how assistance by FIAS led to an improved business environment. The role that FIAS advice played may be discerned at the level of benefits accruing to the target population (i.e., the amount of resources freed up by lower costs associated with administrative procedures). Whether these benefits accruing to the business community translated into higher rates of investment and productivity, and thus to higher economic growth and reduced poverty, is a function of the entire political, social, and economic structure in Latvia. It is evident that there are many links in the chain of causation, and that the direct attribution FIAS can claim diminishes at every step downstream from its activities. Credit for success must be shared with the Government of Latvia and its immediate stakeholders (i.e., the businesses and their associations), the European Union accession process, the input of many other complementary projects, market forces, and fortuitous timing.
- Published
- 2008
48. Meer werk in de gemeente: een opus in 10 rollen: een verkennende studie naar de mogelijkheden van lokale overheden in het arbeidsmarktbeleid
- Author
-
Sannen, Leen, Janssens, Geert, Struyven, Ludo, and Marx, Axel
- Subjects
institutionele verandering ,employment service ,institutional change ,employment policy ,arbeidsbemiddeling ,werkgelegenheidsbeleid - Abstract
nrpages: 319 status: published
- Published
- 1999
49. The AACC
- Author
-
Tarleton, R. J.
- Published
- 1975
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