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1. Life Cycle Assessment of a milk protein fractionation process: Contribution of the production and the cleaning stages at unit process level

Author

Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, L. Tregret, Christian Buson, D. Beudon, D. Froelich, F. Thueux, Murielle Rabiller-Baudry, D. Auffret, Alicja Sobantka, S. Omont, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de Chambéry, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), ECOBILAN SA, SOREDAB SA, SOREDAB SA Boissière, Novasep Process, GES, ANR-06-PNRA-015, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-06-PNRA-0015,ECOPROM,ECOPROM : Eco-conception de procédés à membranes visant l'obtention de protéines à fonction(s) cible(s)(2006), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Process (engineering), Microfiltration, Filtration and Separation, 02 engineering and technology, Fractionation, fractionnement, nettoyage de surface, environmental impact, Analytical Chemistry, protéine de lait, 020401 chemical engineering, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Production (economics), Environmental impact assessment, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, fractionation, 0204 chemical engineering, industrie laitière, Process engineering, Life-cycle assessment, Unit process, analyse du cycle de vie, filtration, seepage, Milk protein, business.industry, analyse de cycle de vie, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, milk industry, Environmental science, impact environnemental, 0210 nano-technology, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; This paper aims at presenting a consistent Life Cycle assessment of the environmental impact of an industrialmilk protein fractionation process at the level of unit processes (gate to gate approach), focusing on the effectivecontribution of both the production and the cleaning steps. The precise assessment of the impact of cleaningstages could indeed constitute key issues for the optimisation and management of food plants. The results showthat the production phase accounts for approximately two-thirds of the environmental impact of the entire foodmanufacturing process, and the cleaning phase for more than 30% of the total impact. The latter is, however,underestimated due to methodological drawbacks and partly unavailable data. Among both the production andthe cleaning stages the most impacting unit processes are the membrane and the thermal operations mainly dueto the single-use of cleaning solutions and several temperature changes. Hence, for reduction of the overallenvironmental impact of the milk protein fractionation process it is advisable to primarily focus on improvementand optimisation of the microfiltration operation and secondly, on the thermal units.

Published
2019

2. Comparison of two milk protein separation processes: chromatography vs filtration

Author

Omont, S., Froelich, D., Gesan-Guiziou, Genevieve, Rabiller-Baudry, M., Thueux, F., Beudon, D., Tregret, L., Buson, C., Auffret, D., Laboratoire MAPIE, ARTS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (Arts et Métiers ParisTech) (ENSAM), Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECOBILAN SA, SOREDAB, Novasep Process, GES, GES, Noyal-sur-Vilaine (FRA), ANR-06-PNRA-015, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-PNRA-0015,ECOPROM,ECOPROM : Eco-conception de procédés à membranes visant l'obtention de protéines à fonction(s) cible(s)(2006), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, lait protéine séparation chromatographie filtration process industrie membrane, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

absent

Published
2012

3. Comparison of Milk Protein Separation Processes by Life Cycle Analysis: chromatography vs filtration processes

Author

Omont, S., Froelich, D., Gesan-Guiziou, Geneviève, Rabiller-Baudry, M., Thueux, F., Beudon, D., Tregret, L., Buson, C., Auffret, D., Modélisation, Analyse et Prévention des Impacts Environnementaux (MAPIE), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire MAPIE, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (Arts et Métiers ParisTech) (ENSAM), Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECOBILAN SA, SOREDAB, Soparind Bongrain, Novasep Process, GES, ANR -06-PNRA-015, ANR-06-PNRA-0015,ECOPROM,ECOPROM : Eco-conception de procédés à membranes visant l'obtention de protéines à fonction(s) cible(s)(2006), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
filtration, milk, sustainable development, seepage, lait protéine séparation membrane chromatographie filtration, lait, milk industry, cycle de vie, protéine, développement durable, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, processus industriel, industrie laitière, protein, membrane, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Alongside with new technology and process development, it is becoming more common to evaluate the environmental impact using Life Cycle Analysis, LCA. (Hospido et al., 2010). The demand for environmentally sustainable food products is increasing and it is a challenge for the food industry to reduce environmental impact along the food chain while at the same time maintaining and improving quality. In the dairy industry, chromatography is the reference technology for protein fractionation at a large scale when high purity and targeted functionality are required. Fractionation of proteins by membrane operations such as micro- and ultrafiltration has however deserved a high attention over the last years, mainly due to their acceptable investment and operating costs. The aim of this study was then to compare the environmental performances of two ways of fractionating whey proteins (reference chromatography and newly developed cascade of membrane separations) into the two following added value products: powder of α-lactalbumin with a 70% purity and powder of β-lactoglobulin with high purity (> 95%) and high foaming properties. A comparative attributional Life Cycle Analysis, LCA was carried out to evaluate the environmental impact of both processes and identify potential hot spots early in the development phase of the membrane process. The system studied includes the entire process implemented, from the entry of the whey protein concentrate into the upgrading plant to the production of the two dehydrated fractions of purified proteins. The whey comes from processes commonly performed in a classical dairy: it corresponds to the aqueous phase of milk, obtained after microfiltration of skimmed milk (Omont et al., 2010). The whey proteins are concentrated before its transportation into the upgrading plant where individual proteins will be purified and dehydrated. The system takes into account all the processing operations, the cleaning phases and the associated equipment. It excludes the facilities (buildings, lighting, etc.). Its geographic scope is France, where electricity is mainly produced by nuclear power and has a low CO2 impact. As membrane processes are high electricity consumers (Notarnicola et al. 2008, European Commission 2006, Omont et al. 2010), a sensitivity analysis has been tested between French and European electricity mixes. The inventory of the foreground system was carried out with specific data given by the industrial partners of the project. Generic data derived from the ecoinvent V2.2 data base. The impact assessment was calculated by the IMPACT 2002+ method using the Simapro 7.2 software. A water flow indicator was defined for the first level processes. The “chromatography system” and the “membrane filtration system” are described on the Table. The fractions outgoing from the chromatography are more diluted. In order to generate the same concentrated α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin fractions before drying, the ultrafiltration concentrations following chromatography were resized. Results show that drying steps consume the same amount of natural gas for the two processes. The environmental load of the "chromatography separation process" is mainly attributed to the ultrafiltration operations which consume more electricity due to the resize. The Chemical Oxygen Demand contained in the non-regenerated brine and in the column cleaning wastewater also contributes to this load, because their wastewater treatment consumes electricity. It is noticeable that sodium chloride is not decomposed by the wastewater treatment plant; its discharge into the water is then not assessed by the method IMPACT 2002+, which results in an under-estimation of the environmental load of the chromatography process. The environmental impact of the "membrane filtration process" is mainly linked to the heating, the microfiltration and the ultrafiltration which consume natural gas, electricity and water due to diafiltration. As shown in Figure, the environmental load of chromatography tends to be higher than the membrane filtration. But the highest difference does not exceed 15%.The water consumption directly linked to the processes is 25% higher in case of chromatographyThis study shows that Life Cycle Analysis is an efficient tool to evaluate the environmental load of industrial processes provided sufficient data are available for the description of the system. It also demonstrates how LCA can be applied to support the development of new technologies for food processing in an early stage by identifying potential hot spots.

Published
2012

4. Eco-design of cascade membrane processes for the preparation of milk protein fractions: Approach and LCA results

Author

Omont, Sophie, FROELICH, Daniel, Osset, Philippe, Thueux, François, Rabiller-Baudry, Murielle, Beudon, Didier, Tregret, Lionel, Buson, Christian, Gesan-Guiziou, Geneviève, Laboratoire MAPIE, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (Arts et Métiers ParisTech) (ENSAM), ECOBILAN SA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SOREDAB, Soparind Bongrain, Novasep Process, GES, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Project ANR-06-PNRA-015

Subjects
milk, lait protéine membrane fractionnement cycle de vie microfiltration environnement industrie laitière, membrane filtration, fractionnement, filtration sur membrane, environmental impact, lait, génie des procedes alimentaires, cycle de vie, protéine, industrie alimentaire, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, impact environnemental, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, fractionation, protein, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Milk protein fractions with target functionality are commonly prepared by chromatographic processes but membrane processes are considered with interest: they are actually assumed to be less expensive and more environment-friendly than chromatographic processes. Consequently membrane processes are supposed to be a good alternative for the preparation of milk protein fractions with target functionality. ECOPROM1 project aims to propose an optimized cascade of membrane processes to prepare α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin enriched fractions with target functionality, both in terms of environmental performances and preservation of protein functionalities. It is led by a consortium composed of stakeholders involved in the membrane processes life cycle : membrane manufacturer, milk-based products producer, research laboratories and consultants. The ecodesign tasks of this project comprise 4 steps : 1) Technical choices description of an initial cascade of membrane processes ; 2) Life Cycle Assessment of this initial process used for the determination of processes weaknesses and definition of ecodesign recommendations ; 3) Ecodesign of the initial process ; 4) Comparative LCA aims to check the environmental improvements in comparison with two references : the initial process and chromatographic process commonly used for preparing milk protein fractions. According to the bibliographical review of Poritosh Roy et al the agricultural stage is the most environmental impact contributor in the life cycle of the food products. Moreover as suggested by Berlin Johanna [2] it is interesting to exclude the production of milk of the impact assessment in order to focus on the dairy activities considered as easier to improve. ECOPROM system boundaries include all milk processing from the whole raw milk entering the factory to the milk protein fractions powder (about 20 unit operations). Plant buildings (materials, lighting, …) are excluded. At this stage of the study equipments are neglected. They will be soon assessed including the manufacturing and the end of life of the different types of membrane involved. Functional unit is defined as the processing of the volume of milk proceed per day in a middle size dairy plant in France. Each process is individually assessed on the basis of data collected with all the ECOPROM partners. According to the preliminary results production stages have a greatest environmental impact than cleaning ones. Energy-consuming processes seem to be the hotspot of the system. It is mainly question of heat treatments required for milk pasteurization and microfiltration operation performed at 50°C and to a lesser extent electricity consumer processes like filtration and drying. In a long run the ECOPROM project aims to propose guidelines apply to other food-processes.

Published
2010

5. Environmental impacts of biological waste management of organic waste

Author

Sablayrolles, Caroline, Mallard, Pascal, Gabrielle, Benoit, Rogeau, Didier, Vial, Estelle, Vignoles, Mireille, Carrère, Matthieu, Renou, Sebastien, Aoustin, Emmanuelle, Muller, Olivier, Pierre, Nelly, Coppin, Yves, Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Institut National Agronomique Paris Grignon (INAPG), ECOBILAN SA, Centre de Recherches pour l'Environnement, l'Énergie et le Déchet (CREED), VEOLIA France, Veolia Environnement Recherche et Innovation (VERI), Veolia France, Orval, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, biological waste management, environmental impact, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, organic waste
Abstract

International audience

Published
2005

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