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Introduction. The relevance of studying the development of underground multi-level structures of public and trade complexes (PTC) is determined by the need for active development of underground space in large and major cities in accordance with the Strategy of Spatial Development of Russia until 2025. The formation of immersive environment in the complexes based on VR/AR technologies was facilitated by socio-economic conditions associated with the implementation of the federal project “Digital Technologies” until 2024. Active integration of landscape elements into the structure of the centres is caused by the need for environmental rehabilitation of urban areas in accordance with the Environmental Safety Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025. The aim of the research is to identify the peculiarities of the development in the 2020s of the architectural environment of multi-level underground structures of public and trade complexes in the context of reconstruction of the central districts of large and major cities in areas that include a large urban square, using the example of the “Paveletskaya Plaza” underground multifunctional centre. The task of the analysis is to determine new trends in the development of the architectural environment of the PTC in the modern socio-economic, urban planning, environmental conditions of large and major cities that meet their requirements.Materials and methods. The study of literary sources, scientific publications, Internet resources, as well as field surveys of the complexes. Development of schematic spatial models of the complexes based on the identified modern trends of their architectural and planning organization.Results. The necessity to refine the existing PTC classification in the sites that include a large urban area has been identified.Conclusions. The omnichannel behavior of buyers requires development of architectural environment of the centres based on the expansion of volume and composition of public function, development of techniques of immersive environment creation, as well as the formation of a landscape at above-platform levels.

Krim-saghyz (Taraxacum hybernum Steven) is an alternative to Hevea brasiliensis as a source of natural rubber. In Russia, krim-saghyz is common only in the Crimean Peninsula and is traditionally named after it. In spite of its potential for economical use, the genetic structure of the Crimean population of this plant is still unexplored. In this regard, the purpose of our work was a comparative molecular-genetic characterization of T. hybernum from various habitats of the Crimean Peninsula using SSR, RAPD and ISSR markers. According to the plan, we collected achenes, leaves and roots of krim-saghyz in 10 spots all over the Crimean Peninsula. We found the plants in the western part of the southern Crimean coast and the western part of the Crimean foothills, which are two general regions of the area of this species. Total DNA was extracted from dry leaves of krim-saghyz with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). For the first time 12 SSR, 3 RAPD and 3 ISSR markers were tested on krim-saghyz. To observe polymorphism of RAPD- and ISSR-fragments, we used analytical electrophoresis in 1.7 % agarose gel. To compare the length of SSR amplicons, we used gel-electrophoresis in 8 % polyacrylamide gel. We found that the Crimean population of krim-saghyz appears to be genetically homogeneous. This could be due to a small geographic range and apomictic reproduction of this species. However, the phenotypical diversity within the population of T. hybernum is well known from the literature. Consequently, the study of the DNA polymorphism of this species should be continued, in particular, with the help of high-resolution techniques.

We identified a Populus nigra auxin-regulated gene involved in organ size (PnARGOS)-LIKE, encoding one organ size related protein in black poplar. It is homologous to AtARGOS and AtARGOS-LIKE genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. ABRE-like, G-box, GATA and I-box motifs were discovered in the promoter region of the poplar ARGOS-LIKE gene. In wild type aspen (Populus tremula) plants, an ortholog of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene (PtrARGOS-LIKE) was noticeably expressed in actively dividing and expanding young leaves and calli, whereas its mRNA content increased in response to exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 24-epibrassinolide. Expression of the PtrARGOS-LIKE gene was reduced under a salinity treatment. In addition, we generated transgenic tobacco and aspen plants with an up-regulated expression of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene. A constitutive expression of the gene contributed to an increase in size of stems and leaves of the transgenic tobacco plants. In the transgenic aspen, a constitutive expression of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene promoted an increase in the frequency of leaf initiations and in leaf length and area. The size of transgenic tobacco and aspen leaves increased due to the enlargement of individual cells. The results show the significance of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene for control of leaf initiation and organ growth by cell expansion in poplar.

Hybrid plants were obtained by pollination of Nicotiana rustica and Nicotiana tabacum Black Cuban cultivar with pollen of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants of Petit Havana SR1 cultivar bearing the ARGOS-LIKE and AtEXPA10 genes. RT-PCR analysis showed high levels of ARGOS-LIKE and AtEXPA10 expression in the hybrids. It led to an increase in the sizes of their leaves and stems. Organs of both transgenic and hybrid plants were enlarged due to the enlargement of individual cells. The inheritance was stable, but the phenotypic effects varied from insignificant to levels exceeding those in parental transgenic plants.

При решении клинических задач в лечении сахарного диабета врачу-диабетологу часто приходится принимать во внимание особенности психо-эмоционального статуса больного, влияющего на течение и клинические проявления заболевания. Эти особенности необходимо учитывать при выборе терапевтической тактики, которая должна быть индивидуальной для каждого пациента. К таким особенностям психо-эмоционального статуса относятся и проявления так называемого синдрома Мюнхгаузена. Синдром Мюнхгаузена (патологическая симуляция; самокалечение; искусственная хроническая болезнь; ?больничное бродяжничество?) ? это повторяющаяся имитация болезни ? обычно ?эффектной?, острой и достаточно серьезной ? больными, кочующими из одной клиники в другую с требованиями лечения. Возможна имитация самых разнообразных заболеваний. Тем не менее, это расстройство, по своей сути психическое, намного более сложное, чем просто банальная симуляция, и часто связано с серьезными эмоциональными нарушениями.

Актуальность. Микроциркуляторные сосудистые нарушения при сахарном диабете (СД) носят вторичный характер, но необходимость их коррекции выходит на первый план, так как они являются причиной стойких, некупируемых сахароснижающими препаратами патологических состояний (нефропатия, ретинопатия и др.), ведущих к инвалидизации. Имеются данные о влиянии пиявита на реологические свойства крови, васкулярно-тромбоцитарный гемостаз, липидный обмен, атерогенез. Цель. Изучение влияния Пиявита на реологические свойства крови, васкулярно-тромбоцитарный гемостаз, липидный обмен, атерогенез. Материалы и методы Обследовано 30 человек: 22 больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа в возрасте от 41 года до 67 лет и 8 больных с СД 1 типа в возрасте от 17 до 42 лет. 13 пациентов с СД 2 получали инсулин и сахароснижаюшие препараты, 9 ? только сахароснижаюшие препараты. Все больные СД 1 типа находились на инсулинотерапии. На фоне указанных методов лечения больным назначали Пиявит. Лечение пиявитом проводили в течение 3 нед. по 300 мг 2 раза в день. Результаты. Данные свидетельствуют об улучшении показателей липидного обмена: снижении уровня холестерина сыворотки крови и триглицеридов. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о снижении гиперкогуляционного потенциала крови и усилении фибринолитической активности крови под влиянием пиявита. Выводы. На фоне лечения пиявитом у больных сахарным диабетом отмечено улучшение показателей липидного обмена и системы гемостаза. Пиявит можно рекомендовать для комплексной терапии больных сахарным диабетом 1 и 2 типа.