5 results on '"Dysvik, Anna"'
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2. Modern sour beer production : mixed fermentations with yeast and lactic acid bacteria
- Author
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Dysvik, Anna, Wicklund, Trude, Rukke, Elling-Olav, Westereng, Bjørge, De Rouck, Gert, and La Rosa, Sabina Leanti
- Subjects
education ,food and beverages ,Lactic acid ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Mixed fermentation ,Secondary lactic acid fermentation ,Lactobacillus ,Xylooligosaccharides ,stomatognathic system ,Sour beer ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Lactic acid bacteria ,human activities - Abstract
Traditional sour beers are produced by spontaneous, mixed fermentations where numerous yeast and bacterial species are involved. One of the traits that separate sour beers from other beers is the high concentration of organic acids (e.g. lactic acid) which results in reduced pH and increased acidic taste. Traditional production of sour beer is associated with several issues, including poor process control, lack of consistency in product quality and lengthy fermentation time-frames (1-3 years). The current PhD work is based on the notion that application of pure cultures of key microorganisms, responsible for important features resulting from spontaneous fermentations, can be used to produce sour beer in a rapid and highly controlled manner. The three papers/manuscripts presented in the current thesis explore different approaches for pure culture, mixed fermentations with Lactobacillus strains and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In paper I, pre-fermentation with L. buchneri prior to yeast fermentation was tested for production of sour beer. Sour beers (pH 3.5-3.7) with high lactic acid concentrations (~1000 mg/L) were produced, within 3 weeks of fermentation. Although L. buchneri made a significant contribution to the metabolite composition of beer, the sensory influence of this did not surpass the influence obtained with chemical acidification. Resistance of three different Lactobacilli (L. brevis, L. plantarum and L. buchneri) to beer-related stress factors were explored in paper II, where co-fermentations with S. cerevisiae was evaluated for sour beer production. Sour beers (pH 3.6-3.8) with high lactic acid concentrations (~1800-2600 mg/L) were successfully produced within 3 weeks of fermentation. L. plantarum contributed to the sensory properties of beer by causing increased intensity in fruity odour and dried fruit odour, while the L. brevis fermented beer was assessed as sensory similar to a commercial sour beer in acidic taste and astringency. The Lactobacillus strain displaying the highest robustness towards beer-related stress in paper II (L. brevis) was used in paper III to explore secondary LAB fermentation in sour beer production. A specific substrate consisting of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) derived from birch wood was introduced in beer to expedite LAB fermentation. Sour beer was produced (pH 3.3-3.6) within 2-4 weeks containing lactic acid concentration of 1750-3900 mg/L. XOS induced secondary fermentation shifted multiple sensory properties significantly, and the produced XOS sour beer was assessed as sensory similar to a commercial sour beer in dried fruit odour, total flavour intensity, astringency and acidic taste. Based on the experiments presented in the current thesis, pre-fermentation, co-fermentation and secondary fermentation with LAB and yeast, all seem viable options for rapid production of sour beer with a high level of process control. Tradisjonelle surøl vert produsert gjennom spontane, blanda fermenteringar der talrike artar av gjær og bakteriar deltek. Høgt innhald av organiske syrer (til dømes mjølkesyre) skil surøl frå andre ølslag, og fører til låg pH og høg sursmak. Fleire problem er knytt til tradisjonell produksjon av surøl, blant anna dårleg prosesskontroll, ujamn produktkvalitet og svært langvarige fermenteringar (1-3 år). Arbeidet bak denne doktorgradsavhandlinga, spring ut frå ein tanke om at det kan vere mogleg å produsere surøl raskt og med høg prosesskontroll. Dette ved å nytte reinkulturar av nøkkelmikroorganismar som er ansvarlege for viktige eigenskapar ved tradisjonelt surøl. Dei tre inkluderte artiklane/manuskripta, utforskar ulike tilnærmingar for blanda fermenteringar med reinkulturar der ulike Lactobacillus stammar er nytta saman med Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I artikkel I, vert pre-fermentering med L. buchneri før gjæring, nytta for produksjon av surøl. Surøl (pH 3.5-3.7) med høgt mjølkesyreinnhald (~1000 mg/L) vart laga. Fermenteringa tok 3 veker. L. buchneri bidrog signifikant til samansetjinga av metabolske produkt og smakseigenskapar, men tilsats av mjølkesyre hadde liknande smakseffektar som fermentering med L. buchneri. I artikkel II, vart motstandsevna til tre Lactobacillar (L. brevis, L. plantarum og L. buchneri) testa. Mjølkesyrebakteriane vart utsette for ulike stressfaktorar knytt til øl, og co-fermentering med S. cerevisiae vart nytta for produksjon av surøl. Surøl (pH 3.6-3.8) med høgt innhald av mjølkesyre (~1800-2600 mg/L) vart produsert etter 3 veker med fermentering. L. plantarum bidrog til ølsmaken ved å auke fruktlukt og lukt av tørka frukt. Ølet produsert ved co-fermentering med L. brevis vart vurdert som liknande eit kommersielt surøl i sursmak og astringens. I artikkel III, vart den mest robuste mjølkesyrebakterien (L. brevis) nytta for å undersøkje sekundærfermentering med mjølkesyrebakteriar i produksjon av surøl. Xylooligosakkarider (XOS) frå bjørk vart blanda inn i øl for å fremja mjølkesyrefermentering. Etter 2-4 veker var surøl (pH 3.3-3.6) med mjølkesyreinnhald mellom 1750 og 3900 mg/L produsert. Sekundærfermenteringa med XOS førte til endra intensitet i fleire sensoriske eigenskapar, og det produserte XOS surølet vart vurdert som liknande eit kommersielt surøl i lukt av tørka frukt, total smaksintensitet, astringens og sursmak. Basert på forsøka som er lagt fram i denne avhandlinga, er det mogleg å lage surøl ved å nytte pre-fermentering, co-fermentering og sekundærfermentering med gjær og mjølkesyrebakteriar.
- Published
- 2019
3. Microbial dynamics in traditional and modern sour beer production.
- Author
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Dysvik, Anna, Leanti La Rosa, Sabina, De Rouck, Gert, Rukke, Elling-Olav, Westereng, Bjørge, and Wicklund, Trude
- Subjects
- *
BEER , *LACTIC acid , *ACETIC acid , *ORGANIC acids , *PRODUCT quality , *FERMENTATION - Abstract
Traditional sour beers are produced by spontaneous fermentations involving numerous yeast and bacterial species. One of the traits that separates sour beers from ales and lagers is the high concentration of organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which results in reduced pH and increased acidic taste. Several challenges complicate the production of sour beers through traditional methods. These include poor process control, lack of consistency in product quality, and lengthy fermentation times. This review summarizes the methods for traditional sour beer production with a focus on the use of lactobacilli to generate this beverage. In addition, the review describes the use of selected pure cultures of microorganisms with desirable properties in conjunction with careful application of processing steps. Together, this facilitates the production of sour beer with a higher level of process control and more rapid fermentation compared to traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Co-fermentation Involving Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus Species Tolerant to Brewing-Related Stress Factors for Controlled and Rapid Production of Sour Beer.
- Author
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Dysvik, Anna, La Rosa, Sabina Leanti, Liland, Kristian Hovde, Myhrer, Kristine S., Østlie, Hilde Marit, De Rouck, Gert, Rukke, Elling-Olav, Westereng, Bjørge, and Wicklund, Trude
- Subjects
BREWING ,SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae ,LACTOBACILLUS brevis ,BEER ,LACTOBACILLUS ,DRIED fruit ,FUNGAL gene expression ,TASTE perception - Abstract
Increasing popularity of sour beer urges the development of novel solutions for controlled fermentations both for fast acidification and consistency in product flavor and quality. One possible approach is the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in co-fermentation with Lactobacillus species, which produce lactic acid as a major end-product of carbohydrate catabolism. The ability of lactobacilli to ferment beer is determined by their capacity to sustain brewing-related stresses, including hop iso-α acids, low pH and ethanol. Here, we evaluated the tolerance of Lactobacillus brevis BSO464 and Lactobacillus buchneri CD034 to beer conditions and different fermentation strategies as well as their use in the brewing process in mixed fermentation with a brewer's yeast, S. cerevisiae US-05. Results were compared with those obtained with a commercial Lactobacillus plantarum (WildBrew
TM Sour Pitch), a strain commonly used for kettle souring. In pure cultures, the three strains showed varying susceptibility to stresses, with L. brevis being the most resistant and L. plantarum displaying the lowest stress tolerance. When in co-fermentation with S. cerevisiae , both L. plantarum and L. brevis were able to generate sour beer in as little as 21 days, and their presence positively influenced the composition of flavor-active compounds. Both sour beers were sensorially different from each other and from a reference beer fermented by S. cerevisiae alone. While the beer produced with L. plantarum had an increased intensity in fruity odor and dried fruit odor, the L. brevis beer had a higher total flavor intensity, acidic taste and astringency. Remarkably, the beer generated with L. brevis was perceived as comparable to a commercial sour beer in multiple sensory attributes. Taken together, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using L. brevis BSO464 and L. plantarum in co-fermentation with S. cerevisiae for controlled sour beer production with shortened production time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Secondary Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation with Wood-Derived Xylooligosaccharides as a Tool To Expedite Sour Beer Production.
- Author
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Dysvik A, La Rosa SL, Buffetto F, Liland KH, Myhrer KS, Rukke EO, Wicklund T, and Westereng B
- Subjects
- Beer microbiology, Betula chemistry, Betula metabolism, Betula microbiology, Fermentation, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lactobacillales growth & development, Taste, Wood metabolism, Wood microbiology, Beer analysis, Food Microbiology methods, Glucuronates metabolism, Lactobacillales metabolism, Oligosaccharides metabolism, Plant Extracts metabolism, Wood chemistry
- Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from woody biomass were evaluated as a substrate for secondary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation in sour beer production. XOS were extracted from birch ( Betula pubescens ) and added to beer to promote the growth of Lactobacillus brevis BSO 464. Growth, pH, XOS degradation, and metabolic products were monitored throughout fermentations, and the final beer was evaluated sensorically. XOS were utilized, metabolic compounds were produced (1800 mg/L lactic acid), and pH was reduced from 4.1 to 3.6. Secondary fermentation changed sensory properties significantly, and the resulting sour beer was assessed as similar to a commercial reference in multiple attributes, including acidic taste. Overall, secondary LAB fermentation induced by wood-derived XOS provided a new approach to successfully produce sour beer with reduced fermentation time (from 1-3 years to 4 weeks). The presented results demonstrate how hemicellulosic biomass can be valorized for beverage production and to obtain sour beer with improved process control.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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