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Abstract The usage of dietary supplements (DS) is a global trend that is likely influenced by sociodemographic variables and body weight status. Some individuals utilize supplements in the hopes that they may enhance their health and prevent illness. Main objective of this study is to assess knowledge and awareness about using DS among Bahraini adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted using snowball sampling method, in which an electronic self-administrative questionnaire was used to collect information from 582 eligible participants. Data about socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward using DS was collected from each participant. Prevalence of DS use was high (59.3%) and most of users were females. Most DS users (87.5%) thought that DS are safe (P

Nuts are dry, single-seeded fruits with a combination of beneficial compounds that aid in disease prevention and treatment. The aims of this research are to evaluate the total antioxidant activity (AI) by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, fatty acids by acid-catalyzed esterification method, and minerals by inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICP-OE) spectrometer in hazelnuts, pistachios, and almond seeds and skins. Considering total AI, the results demonstrated that the highest activity was found in hazelnut and pistachio skin. The results considering minerals demonstrated that manganese, zinc, and iron levels are high in almond and hazelnut skins, copper is dominant in pistachio skin and hazelnut seed, and selenium is high in pistachio and almond skins and seed. Finally, the results showed palmitic acid is present in almond skin and pistachio seed, palmitoleic acid is high in almond and pistachio skins, and stearic acid is present in almond and hazelnut skins. Oleic acid was found in hazelnut seeds and their skin, linoleic acid in almond skin and pistachio seeds, and α-linolenic acid in almond and pistachio skins. In conclusion, hazelnut, pistachio, and almond skins are a great source of antioxidants, minerals, and healthy fatty acids, making them useful for nutraceutical development.

Nuts are dry, single-seeded fruits, with a combination of beneficial compounds that aid in disease prevention and treatment. This review aims to summarize the antioxidant components and the nutraceutical properties and applications of hazelnut, almond, and pistachio skins, as well as discuss their ability to prevent and treat specific diseases based on in vitro and in vivo studies. The search strategy included searching PubMed database and Google Scholar for relevant articles published in English. Research articles focusing on hazelnut, pistachio, and almond were included. The nut skin extracts were considered and other by-products were excluded from this search. Pistachio and almond skin hydroalcoholic extracts have antibacterial effects and decrease the risk of liver cancer by eliminating reactive oxygen species. Moreover, hazelnut skin can lower plasma against low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, thus reducing the risk of colon cancer, and its polyphenolic extract can also decrease the formation of advanced glycation end products in vitro with multidimensional effects. Overall, hazelnut, pistachio, and almond skins are a great source of antioxidants, making them suitable for nutraceuticals’ development.

A simple chemistry method approach was used to synthesise new ligand derivate from L-ascorbic acid and its complexes. All of them were water-soluble and are used quite extensively in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. This study synthesised the new ligand derivative from L-ascorbic acid-base using the following steps: A 5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid was prepared by reacting dry acetone with L-ascorbic acid followed by reacting it with trichloroacetic acid to yield [chloro(carboxylic)methylidene]-5,6-Oisopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid in the second stage. In the third stage, the derivative was reacted with (methyl(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine to create a new ligand (ONMILA). This novel ligand was identified using a number of techniques, namely mass spectroscopy, 1H, 13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra. It was observed that several complexes formed between the ligand and divalent metal ions (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd). Based on Micro Elemental Analysis, the mole ratio was (1:1) (M:L). Magnetic susceptibility, elemental analysis (C.H.N.O) procedures, molar conductivity tests, and proportion of metal ions calculations were used to describe the complexes. The findings showed the novel ligand had a mono, negative charge and behaved like a tridentate ligand type (N.N.O.). Therefore, the octahedral formula is suggested for all compounds. Only one spot was observed on thin layer chromatography (T.L.C.) for ligand (L) and complexes, indicating that the reaction completed and delivered only a single product. These chemicals have been connected to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The results suggested that antibacterial activity in metal complexes is higher than in the free ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the 12‐week efficacy and safety of oral glycopyrrolate for moderate‐to‐severe sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease (PD). Background: Chronic moderate‐to‐severe sialorrhea has a negative impact on quality of life in PD. There is no robust evidence for oral treatments for sialorrhea longer than 1 week. Methods: This was a 12‐week, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, parallel phase II study in patients with PD and Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale item 2.2 > 2. The intervention was glycopyrrolate up to 4.5 mg/d; the primary outcome was sialorrhea related–disability (Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's Disease–Saliva). We used an intention‐to‐treat analysis. A P < 0.05 was deemed significant. Results: We recruited 28 patients (age, 71.1 ± 6.9 years; PD duration, 11.4 ± 7.2 years; Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's Disease–Saliva, 22.4 ± 5.7). Glycopyrrolate was superior to placebo at 12 weeks in the Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's Disease–Saliva (between‐group difference, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–9.6). Dry mouth was the most common adverse event (glycopyrrolate, n = 6; placebo, n = 2). Conclusions: The results support the efficacy of glycopyrrolate to treat sialorrhea‐related disability up to 12 weeks and contribute to addressing unmet nonmotor care needs in PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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