Search

Despite the several mismatches of methodological understanding between teachers and students in higher education, research methodologies in education are a relatively common pedagogical practice in most European advanced courses in education. However, only some studies have shown what pedagogical practices are mobilised by the teachers with their specific scientific conceptions. This article presents and discusses the results of an extensive research study conducted in Portugal with all the teachers involved in teaching research methodologies on master’s and doctoral programmes in education. The results show the personal and professional characteristics of the teachers involved in this teaching and the type of senses, decisions, and challenges experienced when teaching research methodologies. The study identifies and characterises the research culture generated by the different pedagogical practices in this scientific field. Based on the results, we argue that the teachers’ scientific conceptions and pedagogical practices may be developed by a “peer authorial construction of research understanding,” aiming to provide appropriate educational experiences to students in research methodologies courses in advanced studies in education.

A pesca comercial está entre as atividades laborais mais perigosas do mundo. A escassez nas capturas obrigou a frota pesqueira a se deslocar para áreas mais distantes do litoral e por períodos de tempo mais longos, tornando as viagens de pesca mais suscetíveis às mudanças bruscas nas condições meteoceanográficas. Estudos têm demonstrado a correlação entre a ocorrência de eventos meteoceanográficos adversos com o aumento do risco de ocorrência de acidentes. Esse tipo de abordagem no Brasil é ainda incipiente, o que motivou o desenvolvimento da presente proposta, que objetiva criar subsídios para a Autoridade Marítima estabelecer ferramentas de prevenção de acidentes com barcos de pesca. O método proposto prevê a sistematização dos registros de Inquéritos Administrativos e Fatos da Navegação (IAFN) da Autoridade Marítima para o período de 2015 a 2020. Os Avisos de Mau Tempo emitidos pela Marinha do Brasil para o mesmo período serão utilizados como parâmetro subjetivo das condições meteoceanográficas, e sua distribuição espacial e temporal para o litoral do Brasil deverá ser confrontada com o registro de acidentes. Os resultados preliminares indicam uma tendência de redução no número de acidentes para o período em análise. Os acidentes de maior ocorrência são os naufrágios e situação de homem ao mar. Este último apresentou a maior letalidade associada, sendo a região com maior incidência de acidentes está relacionada com o 5° Distrito Naval (PR, SC e RS), o que pode estar relacionado a maior ocorrência de fenômenos adversos, como a passagem de frentes frias e ciclones extratropicais.

The attitudes of young people arise from an intense interaction with their social groups of reference, and in this work we examine the extent to which this background conditions the individual environmental attitudes of the young. Using data provided by the PISA 2006 survey for the European Union, we test for the influence of the family, the characteristics of the school, and the social interactions or school peer group on attitudes toward the environment. The existence of social interactions, as well as the important role of family characteristics and school activities, are confirmed. The results allow us to emphasize the importance of the social context of the adolescent, and the need to take this into account as a channel that amplifies the influence of specific environmental education strategies.

In recent years, the installation of new enterprises in the Itajaí-Açú River outfall underwent a strong pressure due to the insertion of new shipyards and marinas, as well as port expansion on both sides of the estuary. Thus the use of the waterway and port area of Itajaí becomes more intense, therefore, this situation leads to problems and conflicts, which arise due to the inefficiency in applying public planning policies and territorial planning. Therefore, this study aims to diagnose the Port and Waterway Area of Itajaí (PWAI), in order to support integrated management. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) emerges as an innovative tool to support management, which aims to order and zone the environment, besides seeking to understand the problems and conflicts, providing opportunities for future changes to happen in a jointly manner. The methodology is based on UNESCO's guide, which presents ten steps and constitutes an adaptive and continuous process. The adapted methodology used in this study brings a low cost approach to territorial analysis and provides the integration of intersectoral visions. PWAI is considered a shelter area for navigation which enables the development of correlated and conflicting activities. The cities surrounding the PWAI have their economic development directly related to the port sector, fishing, shipbuilding and repair industry, as well as tourism and leisure. The challenge for the successful policy in MSP within the estuary of the Itajaí-Açú river lies in the assembly of all pieces of the puzzle, bringing the reconciliation between scientific research and practical solutions. Because of the holistic approach, this diagnosis can be considered as the first step to the development of a multiple use plan in the low estuary of Itajaí-Açú river.

The aim of this paper is to explore the influence of peer behaviour on student marijuana consumption. Our hypothesis is that, in contrast to the traditional measures of peer group effects carried out at class or school level, the use of a closer peer group, which we relate to the group of friends, is more relevant in the explanation of marijuana consumption. On the basis of the data provided by the 2004 Spanish Survey on Drug Use in the School Population, we estimate a probit model in which two alternative peer variables are introduced. The results show that, once the effect of the closer peer group is controlled for, the effect of classmates' behaviour on the student is insignificant. Moreover, the closer peer group effects are asymmetric in their magnitude. (Contains 5 notes and 3 tables.)

This paper examines the hypothetically bi-directional relationship which links marijuana consumption and school failure among students. To that end, we propose a simultaneous probability model, which is estimated by using the information provided by the three consecutive waves from the Spanish Surveys on Drug Use in the School Population [(1996, 1998 and 2000). Spanish Government's Delegation for the National Plan On Drugs, Madrid, Spain]. Our results confirm that whilst marijuana consumption is a determinant for school failure among Spanish students, we do not find evidence in the opposite direction. Moreover, explanatory variables, such as the presence of smokers at home, a mono-parental situation or unhealthy habits, among others, are good predictors for both marijuana consumption and school failure.

Sustainable water management is challenging because of the wide range of agents who need water and the different kinds of use, in a context of limited water availability. The availability of water for use, at a given point in time and space, depends on numerous physical and climatic variables, as well as upstream uses and downstream commitments. Therefore, any analysis of water use and management must inevitably be made in the context of such variability. This paper develops an integrated, multiregional, hydro-economic modeling framework to analyze the spatial and temporal dependencies between economic agents in the different regions and areas of a river basin. We combine hydro-economic modeling (partial economic equilibrium) and a multiregional input–output model (general equilibrium) to take advantage of both methodologies. Spatial variability is considered in the input–output models, but variability in both time and space is also considered by the hydro-economic model. Hydro-economic models are used to quantify direct impacts, but not indirect impacts in some specific sectors of the economy, while the input–output model reveals the relationships between all sectors and regions, and facilitates the assessment of total impacts (direct plus indirect) of a range of scenarios. While the methodology described in this paper is applicable to any river basin, the case study considered is the Ebro River Basin, in Spain. To show the potential of the modeling framework, two scenarios are simulated to assess the impacts on water use, value added, and jobs across scales. The results of these scenarios show that decreases in water availability have negative impacts on socio-economic variables (value added and employment). The trade-off between water availability and socio-economic variables depends on the temporal and spatial variability of the resource, and affects each location in the basin in a different way, demonstrating the importance of the methodology developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo trata do processo de Formação do Colono em Alta Floresta, no Mato Grosso, no período de 1976 a 1996. O projeto de colonização ocorreu pela iniciativa privada do empresário Ariosto da Riva, mas contou com a colaboração do Governo Federal e da igreja. As escolas foram fundadas num processo de preparação das pequenas comunidades, pois a partir da abertura de um loteamento de terras, o colonizador destinava uma área para a construção da escola, que também era utilizada como igreja. Nesse contexto, as escolas tiveram uma participação decisiva no projeto de colonização e isso fica evidente quando se analisam as relações educativas, formais ou não, que aconteciam nesse espaço. A igrejaescola assumia para si a função de ser um ambiente de encontro dos colonos para rezar, aprender, ensinar, celebrar a vida e a morte, as vitórias e as derrotas de um povo que sonhava e lutava por uma terra prometida.

Due to international fragmentation, production increasingly occurs in global supply chains (GSC). The common belief is that this leads to more specialization, which implies more concentration of imports and exports over time. In this paper, we empirically test this hypothesis by analysing the geographical and sectoral concentration of GSC over the period 1995–2011. We adapt the traditional Herfindahl's concentration indexes to a multi-regional input–output framework. Taking the information on intersectoral and interregional linkages into full account gives the concentration indexes of GSC. The indexes are at different aggregation levels, which enables us to examine both geographical and sectoral concentration patterns. After that, we analyse the effect a country's geographical and sectoral concentration on its gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Our findings are: an increase of geographical and sectoral concentration of GSC from 1995 to 2011; a growing role in global production chains played by China and other Asian countries; less concentration for European Union countries; a significant positive effect of geographical concentration on GDP per capita; and a significant negative effect of sectoral concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While considerable attention has been directed to the national‐level impacts of global value chains, far less attention has been focused on the way in which global production fragmentation has affected regional economies. Using some measures derived from a multiregional, multisectoral input–output model, this paper analyzes the position and share of EU regions in Global Value Chains (GVC). The spatial determinants of these two dimensions are explored using spatial econometric methods to capture the influence of neighboring regions on these outcomes. Empirically, the focus is on a set of NUTS2 European regions for the most recent year (2010) of the EUREGIO database. Our results confirm the hypothesis of spatial dependence between regions conditioning the engagement and position GVCs, suggesting that global production processes are influenced by regional and local factors. In particular, spatial spillover effects play a significant role conditioned by both geographical proximity and similarity of production structures. The results show that sharing certain characteristics, some of them associated to their degree of proximity and the neighbouring situation of regions condition their specialization, participation and positioning in GVC, generating some important insights informative for the formulation of regional development policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the structural and technical changes in Spain since the 1980s, using annual input–output tables. Specifically, a differential structural decomposition analysis (SDA) is applied to shifts in value-added, revealing eight different components and allowing the estimation of the impacts of technical change on the process of economic transformation on a sector-by-sector basis. We conclude that growth in the Spanish economy in recent decades was a mix of technological modernization and general economic expansion, although with some heterogeneity among sectors over time. High-technology services played a key role in modernization in the late 1980s and 1990s. In fact, the growth of High-technology, Medium-high-technology, Energy and Construction sectors accelerated through the 2008 crisis. Labour compensation and returns from capital followed different trends both during expansions and recessions, intensifying income inequality in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]