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Studies on economic evaluations of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) have been increasing over the last decade. No systematic reviews have synthesized the evidence of economic evaluations of the PCV13. We systematically searched the literature which published on peer-reviewed journals from January 2010 to June 2022. The literature search was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database. We identified 1827 records from the database search. After excluding 511 duplicates, 1314 records were screened, of which 156 records were retained for the full-text reviews. A total of 44 studies were included in the review. Among the included studies, 33 studies were economic evaluations of PCV13 among children, and 11 studies were conducted among adults. The literature search initiated in April, 2022, and updated in June 2022. Vaccination with PCV13 was found to significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of pneumococcal diseases and was cost-effective compared to no vaccine or several other pneumococcal vaccines (e.g. PCV10, PPV23). Future research is advised to expand economic evaluations of PCV13 combined with dynamic model to enhance methodologic rigor and prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In a mine water inrush accident, a fast and accurate emergency evacuation response is essential for ensuring the miner's safety. Conventional emergency evacuation response in the mining industry lacks integration of data from monitoring systems and adjustment of the evacuation plan. In this study, a cloud‐based service, named the Cloud EE‐MWI, is proposed for the emergency evacuation for water inrush accidents to support managers in making the best decisions. The Cloud EE‐MWI's architecture consists of three layers, including the information, computation, and visualization layers. Information layer acquires data from monitoring systems and processes the collected data with pre‐saved basic information of the mine to generate a time‐varying network of the accident evolution. The computation layer constructs an workflow to find a reliable water‐avoiding route. The latest departure route algorithm is proposed and the time‐varying earliest arrival algorithm is implemented in parallel on cloud servers to boost the evacuation path planning. Finally, the visualization layer focuses on displaying data from sensors and obtained results from the computation layer on the web‐side. A real case study is investigated to demonstrate that the service can integrate the information of the monitoring systems and support the useful solution of the emergency evacuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Evacuation planning is of importance to reduce casualties in underground mine water inrush accidents. Since the transit time depends on the water height along the spreading of the water inrush, finding a path with the minimum egress time through the roadway network is considered as a time‐varying shortest path problem. Such problem can be solved by the time‐varying earliest arrival path algorithm. However, although the algorithm can solve the problem in polynomial time, more improvements are demanded to meet the real‐time requirements of practical applications. In this study, a parallel time‐varying earliest arrival path algorithm is proposed in this regard. The vertex‐hyperedge network is recommended to represent the adjacency of vertices. Three parallel strategies, including the time‐based decomposition, adjacent‐vertex‐based decomposition, and the adjacent‐vertex‐based decomposition using vertex‐hyperedge network, are proposed for parallelism implementation. The OpenMP interface is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategies on a share‐memory multi‐core computer. The experiment results show that all three strategies can decrease the run time of the algorithm while maintaining the reasonable accuracy. The best strategy is adjacent‐vertex‐based decomposition using vertex‐hyperedge network, which results in the 2‐fold speedup when the number of threads meets the degree of concurrency of the topology structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the influence of recent high-altitude residential history on the optimal cutoff of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for detecting abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods: The study included 505 self-reported healthy Han participants of age 18-65 years, recruited in Chengdu and categorized based on recent (within 3 months) high-altitude (>2,500 m) residential history. The 1999 WHO criteria was used as the gold standard for defining prediabetes and diabetes. HbA1c test performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve, with the optimal cutoff determined by Maximum Youden index. Propensity score matching with 0.02 calipers and nearest neighbor method was used to balance confounding factors between groups. Results: Of the participants, 238 (47.13%) were populations with recent high-altitude residential history (HA group), and 267 (52.87%) were low-altitude dwellers (LA group). The HA group had slightly higher HbA1c levels ( p > 0.05) and higher erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels ( p < 0.05), compared to the LA group. Weak correlations between prediabetes and HbA1c levels were observed in the HA group ( r s = 0.21, p < 0.05) and the LA group ( r s = 0.07, p = 0.25). The optimal cutoff for the detection of diabetes was 6.5% (area under the curve [AUC] 0.94) in the HA group and 5.9% (AUC 0.97) in the LA group, which remained unchanged after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions: The optimal cutoff of HbA1c for the detection of diabetes in populations with recent history of living at high altitude was higher than that in general populations living at low altitude, and the diagnostic value of HbA1c for prediabetes was also inadequate.

What Is Already Known on This Topic?: Pneumococcal diseases (PDs) are serious threats to child health. Although vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent these diseases, the pneumococcal vaccination coverage rate is still relatively low in China., What Is Added by This Report?: This study investigated the factors associated with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccine hesitancy in parents under an innovative immunization strategy. This study found that 29.7% of the participants hesitated to vaccinate their children against PCV13 and the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy were individual and group influences., What Are the Implications for Public Health Practice?: This study can provide scientific evidence for further improving children's PCV13 vaccination rate and improving the prevention and control strategy for PDs., (Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2023.)

Background: Family physicians play a key role in responding to the growing demand for primary healthcare due to aging. The work attitude of family physician team members (FPTMs) impacts their work efficiency and quality. Knowing how satisfied they are with their jobs can help identify potential directions and entry points for incentives. The purpose of this study is to analyze the job satisfaction status and influencing factors of grassroots health service personnel after the implementation of the family physician contract system in China., Methods: The study conducted a cross-sectional survey with 570 FPTMs in three prefecture-level cities in the Shandong Province. Satisfaction was measured using 30 items across seven dimensions. Responses were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the general information and satisfaction of FPTMs. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing job satisfaction., Results: The overall job satisfaction among FPTMs was not high. Among the seven dimensions, interpersonal relationships had the highest satisfaction (4.10 ± 0.78), while workload had the lowest satisfaction (3.08 ± 0.56). The satisfaction levels of the three sample regions were different, and the results were opposite to their regional economic development levels. The results of the multifactor analysis showed that gender, income level, educational background, working years, daily working hours, number of training sessions per year and the proportion of performance pay had significant impact on overall job satisfaction., Conclusions: The development of a family physician contract system has increased the workload of FPTMs. In addition to the implementation of the new policy, attention should be paid to the workload and working attitude of family physicians. The fundamental measures should focus on attracting more personnel to work at the grassroots level by accelerating education and training to solve the problem of insufficient health personnel at the grassroots level. Simultaneously, attention should be paid to the improvement of the medical staff's salary level and the need for self-promotion, such as training., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Cai, Du, Gao, Gao, An, Liu, Han, Jing and Wang.)

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Pneumococcal diseases (PDs) pose a serious health threat to children. Vaccination is the most cost-effective intervention to prevent PDs, but pneumococcal vaccines coverage among children is low in China., What Is Added by This Report?: This study investigated the willingness of children's caregivers to have their children vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccines under an innovative policy to offer 1-dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines at no charge to families. The research found that 70.51% of caregivers were willing to have their infants receive pneumococcal vaccines and that reducing the cost of vaccines may increase caregivers' willingness., What Are the Implications for Public Health Practice?: This is the first evaluation in China of acceptance of pneumococcal vaccines among children under a 1-dose, cost-free policy. The results provide scientific evidence for updating local and national pneumococcal immunization strategies to promote the use of the pneumococcal vaccine., (Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2022.)

Introduction: Although child and adolescent health is the core of the global health agenda, the cause of death and its expected contribution to life expectancy (LE) among those aged 5-14 are under-researched across countries, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)., Methods: Death rates per 10 years age group including a 5-14-year-old group were calculated by the formula, which used the population and the number of deaths segmented by the cause of death and gender from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. LE and cause-eliminated LE in 10-year intervals were calculated by using life tables., Results: In 2019, the global mortality rate for children and adolescents aged 5-14 years was 0.522 (0.476-0.575) per 1,000, and its LF was 71.377 years. In different-income regions, considerable heterogeneity remains in the ranking of cause of death aged 5-14 years. The top three causes of death in low-income countries (LICs) are enteric infections [0.141 (0.098-0.201) per 1,000], other infectious diseases [0.103 (0.073-0.148) per 1,000], and neglected tropical diseases and malaria [0.102 (0.054-0.172) per 1,000]. Eliminating these mortality rates can increase the life expectancy of the 5-14 age group by 0.085, 0.062, and 0.061 years, respectively. The top three causes of death in upper-middle income countries (upper MICs) are unintentional injuries [0.066 (0.061-0.072) per 1,000], neoplasm [0.046 (0.041-0.050) per 1,000], and transport injuries [0.045 (0.041-0.049) per 1,000]. Eliminating these mortality rates can increase the life expectancy of the 5-14 age group by 0.045, 0.031, and 0.030 years, respectively., Conclusion: The mortality rate for children and adolescents aged 5-14 years among LMICs remains high. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the main causes of death among regions. According to the main causes of death at 5-14 years old in different regions and countries at different economic levels, governments should put their priority in tailoring their own strategies to decrease preventable mortality., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Liang, Du, Qu, Ke, Yi, Liu, Lyu, Ren, Xing, Wang and Liu.)

Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) has long been one of the most disability mental disorders and a major cause of health loss., Methods: Based on open access data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2019) study, we extracted data of years lived with disability (YLD), years of life lost (YLL) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) to describe the changes of AUD burden over the period of 1990-2019 stratified by sex in globe, high-income countries (HICs), upper-middle income countries (UMCs), lower-middle income countries (LMCs), low-income countries (LICs) and China. We used Joinpoint regression model to fit the changing trend of years. And pairwise comparison was applied to test the coincidence parallelism and judge whether the difference of the trend among different regions is statistically significant., Results: LMCs experienced the largest changes in the YLD rate of AUD from 1990 to 2019 (average annual percent change (AAPC) = -0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.8, -0.7, P  < 0.05), with China experienced a higher increase in 1990 to 1993 (annual percent change (APC) = 3.8, 95% CI = 3.2, 4.4, P  < 0.05) than other regions, and the rate of decline in China from 1996 to 2002 (APC = -3.4, 95% CI = -3.6, -3.1, P  < 0.05) was higher than that in other regions. UMCs experienced the largest changes in the YLL rate of AUD from 1990 to 2019 (AAPC = -1.1, 95% CI = -1.6, -0.6, P  < 0.05), with a larger decline in 2004 to 2012 (APC = -6.2, 95% CI = -6.7, -5.7, P < 0.05) than other regions, and China experienced a larger increase in the rate of YLL from 1999 to 2004 (APC = 9.2, 95% CI = 8.5, 9.9, P < 0.05) than other regions. LMCs experienced the largest changes in the DALY rate of AUD from 1990 to 2019 (AAPC = -0.9, 95% CI = -1.0, -0.8, P < 0.05), with a larger decline in 2006 to 2010 (APC = -3.3, 95% CI = -3.6, -2.9, P < 0.05) than other regions, and UMCs showed a larger increase in the rate of DALY from 1990 to 1994 (APC = 4.5, 95% CI = 3.8, 5.1, P < 0.05) than other regions., Conclusions: Given the large variations in AUD burden of disease by income level, future strategies to prevent and reduce the burden should be developed and implemented based on country-specific development status., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)