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Předkládaná studie hodnotí vliv environmentálních podmínek na dlouhodobé změny krajinného pokryvu ve dvou horských obcích na středním Slovensku, a to s využitím krabicových grafů, jednoduché logistické regrese a generalizovaných lineárních modelů (GLM). S využitím klasifikace CORINE Land Cover je analyzován krajinný pokryv na historických katastrálních mapách a leteckých snímcích v pěti historických horizontech od r. 1860 do současnosti. Hypotéza, že větší sklon, nadmořská výška a vzdálenost k sídlům je příčinou menší intenzity využívání krajiny byla do značné míry potvrzena, avšak k významným faktorům patřilo i geologické podloží. Modely nejlépe vysvětlitelnou třídou krajinného pokryvu byly lesy; lokalizace orné půdy a travních porostů byla v některých zkoumaných obdobích rovněž značně ovlivněna zkoumanými podmínkami, zatímco lesokřoviny na nich byly prakticky nezávislé. Velikosti ploch změn krajinného pokryvu byli pomocí GLM relativně méně vysvětlitelné.

This paper tests the use of various barrier and corridor effects in cost distance calculation, which often serves as a proxy for accessibility in Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LUCC) models. The most suitable friction coefficients for barrier effects of slope and water, and corridor effect of roads, are identified by empirical sensitivity analysis. The influence of accessibility on urbanisation, agricultural intensification, and extensification, afforestation, and deforestation in Slovakia is modelled in the present study. The most significant improvement was achieved using the corridor effect of roads for accessibility to the nearest district town, while the barrier of slope significantly improved the effect of accessibility to the nearest commune. Different optimal friction coefficients were identified for different land cover changes; however, only some of them were sensitive to the change of coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new spatial variable for the land use and land cover change modelling is introduced, approximating the intensity of human influence on the landscape. The 'exposure' simulates the dilution of human activity from settlements (source points with information about population size or other human activity quantification) to landscape, based on the accessibility. Exposure to a settlement is directly proportional to its population size and inversely proportional to the cost distance from the settlement. Cost distance uses the sine of the slope angle as a cost raster to simulate a barrier effect of the terrain. Overall exposure to human influence summates exposure to all individual settlements in a region. The resultant raster field created for Slovakia achieves observable resemblance to the actual intensity of land use derived from Corine Land Cover map. The ArcGIS tool developed for the exposure calculation is supplemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Monitoring of land cover (LC) provides important information of actual land use (LU) and landscape dynamics. LC research results depend on the size of the area, purpose and applied methodology. CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data is one of the most important sources of LU data from a European perspective. Our research compares official CLC data (third hierarchical level of nomenclature at a scale of 1:100,000) and national statistics (NS) of LU in Slovakia between 2000 and 2018 at national, county, and local levels. The most significant differences occurred in arable land and permanent grassland, which is also related to the recording method and the development of agricultural land management. Due to the abandonment of agricultural areas, a real recorded increase in forest cover due to forest succession was not introduced in the official records of Land register. New modification of CLC methodology for identifying LC classes at a scale of 1:10,000 and fifth hierarchical level of CLC is firstly applied for local case studies representing lowland, basin, and mountain landscape. The size of the least identified and simultaneously recorded area was established at 0.1 ha the minimum width of a polygon was established at 10 m, the minimum recorded width of linear elements such as communications was established at 2 m. The use of the fifth CLC level in the case studies areas generated average boundary density 17.2 km/km2, comparing to the 2.6 km/km2 of the third level. Therefore, when measuring the density of spatial information by the polygon boundary lengths, the fifth level carries 6.6 times more information than the third level. Detailed investigation of LU affords better verification of national statistics data at a local level. This study also contributes to a more detailed recording of the current state of the Central European landscape and its changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]