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2. Outstanding Questions and Future Research on Magnetic Reconnection

Author

Nakamura, R., Burch, J. L., Birn, J., Chen, L.-J., Graham, D. B., Guo, F., Hwang, K.-J., Ji, H., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Liu, Y.-H., Oka, M., Payne, D., Sitnov, M. I., Swisdak, M., Zenitani, S., Drake, J. F., Fuselier, S. A., Genestreti, K. J., Gershman, D. J., Hasegawa, H., Hoshino, M., Norgren, C., Shay, M. A., Shuster, J. R., and Stawarz, J. E.

Published
2025
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7. Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants

Author

Wang, Anqi, Shen, Jiayi, Rodriguez, Alex A., Saunders, Edward J., Chen, Fei, Janivara, Rohini, Darst, Burcu F., Sheng, Xin, Xu, Yili, Chou, Alisha J., Benlloch, Sara, Dadaev, Tokhir, Brook, Mark N., Plym, Anna, Sahimi, Ali, Hoffman, Thomas J., Takahashi, Atushi, Matsuda, Koichi, Momozawa, Yukihide, Fujita, Masashi, Laisk, Triin, Figuerêdo, Jéssica, Muir, Kenneth, Ito, Shuji, Liu, Xiaoxi, Uchio, Yuji, Kubo, Michiaki, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Wan, Peggy, Andrews, Caroline, Lori, Adriana, Choudhury, Parichoy P., Schleutker, Johanna, Tammela, Teuvo L. J., Sipeky, Csilla, Auvinen, Anssi, Giles, Graham G., Southey, Melissa C., MacInnis, Robert J., Cybulski, Cezary, Wokolorczyk, Dominika, Lubinski, Jan, Rentsch, Christopher T., Cho, Kelly, Mcmahon, Benjamin H., Neal, David E., Donovan, Jenny L., Hamdy, Freddie C., Martin, Richard M., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Nielsen, Sune F., Weischer, Maren, Bojesen, Stig E., Røder, Andreas, Stroomberg, Hein V., Batra, Jyotsna, Chambers, Suzanne, Horvath, Lisa, Clements, Judith A., Tilly, Wayne, Risbridger, Gail P., Gronberg, Henrik, Aly, Markus, Szulkin, Robert, Eklund, Martin, Nordstrom, Tobias, Pashayan, Nora, Dunning, Alison M., Ghoussaini, Maya, Travis, Ruth C., Key, Tim J., Riboli, Elio, Park, Jong Y., Sellers, Thomas A., Lin, Hui-Yi, Albanes, Demetrius, Weinstein, Stephanie, Cook, Michael B., Mucci, Lorelei A., Giovannucci, Edward, Lindstrom, Sara, Kraft, Peter, Hunter, David J., Penney, Kathryn L., Turman, Constance, Tangen, Catherine M., Goodman, Phyllis J., Thompson, Jr., Ian M., Hamilton, Robert J., Fleshner, Neil E., Finelli, Antonio, Parent, Marie-Élise, Stanford, Janet L., Ostrander, Elaine A., Koutros, Stella, Beane Freeman, Laura E., Stampfer, Meir, Wolk, Alicja, Håkansson, Niclas, Andriole, Gerald L., Hoover, Robert N., Machiela, Mitchell J., Sørensen, Karina Dalsgaard, Borre, Michael, Blot, William J., Zheng, Wei, Yeboah, Edward D., Mensah, James E., Lu, Yong-Jie, Zhang, Hong-Wei, Feng, Ninghan, Mao, Xueying, Wu, Yudong, Zhao, Shan-Chao, Sun, Zan, Thibodeau, Stephen N., McDonnell, Shannon K., Schaid, Daniel J., West, Catharine M. L., Barnett, Gill, Maier, Christiane, Schnoeller, Thomas, Luedeke, Manuel, Kibel, Adam S., Drake, Bettina F., Cussenot, Olivier, Cancel-Tassin, Geraldine, Menegaux, Florence, Truong, Thérèse, Koudou, Yves Akoli, John, Esther M., Grindedal, Eli Marie, Maehle, Lovise, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Ingles, Sue A., Stern, Mariana C., Vega, Ana, Gómez-Caamaño, Antonio, Fachal, Laura, Rosenstein, Barry S., Kerns, Sarah L., Ostrer, Harry, Teixeira, Manuel R., Paulo, Paula, Brandão, Andreia, Watya, Stephen, Lubwama, Alexander, Bensen, Jeannette T., Butler, Ebonee N., Mohler, James L., Taylor, Jack A., Kogevinas, Manolis, Dierssen-Sotos, Trinidad, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Cannon-Albright, Lisa, Teerlink, Craig C., Huff, Chad D., Pilie, Patrick, Yu, Yao, Bohlender, Ryan J., Gu, Jian, Strom, Sara S., Multigner, Luc, Blanchet, Pascal, Brureau, Laurent, Kaneva, Radka, Slavov, Chavdar, Mitev, Vanio, Leach, Robin J., Brenner, Hermann, Chen, Xuechen, Holleczek, Bernd, Schöttker, Ben, Klein, Eric A., Hsing, Ann W., Kittles, Rick A., Murphy, Adam B., Logothetis, Christopher J., Kim, Jeri, Neuhausen, Susan L., Steele, Linda, Ding, Yuan Chun, Isaacs, William B., Nemesure, Barbara, Hennis, Anselm J. M., Carpten, John, Pandha, Hardev, Michael, Agnieszka, De Ruyck, Kim, De Meerleer, Gert, Ost, Piet, Xu, Jianfeng, Razack, Azad, Lim, Jasmine, Teo, Soo-Hwang, Newcomb, Lisa F., Lin, Daniel W., Fowke, Jay H., Neslund-Dudas, Christine M., Rybicki, Benjamin A., Gamulin, Marija, Lessel, Davor, Kulis, Tomislav, Usmani, Nawaid, Abraham, Aswin, Singhal, Sandeep, Parliament, Matthew, Claessens, Frank, Joniau, Steven, Van den Broeck, Thomas, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Castelao, Jose Esteban, Martinez, Maria Elena, Larkin, Samantha, Townsend, Paul A., Aukim-Hastie, Claire, Bush, William S., Aldrich, Melinda C., Crawford, Dana C., Srivastava, Shiv, Cullen, Jennifer, Petrovics, Gyorgy, Casey, Graham, Wang, Ying, Tettey, Yao, Lachance, Joseph, Tang, Wei, Biritwum, Richard B., Adjei, Andrew A., Tay, Evelyn, Truelove, Ann, Niwa, Shelley, Yamoah, Kosj, Govindasami, Koveela, Chokkalingam, Anand P., Keaton, Jacob M., Hellwege, Jacklyn N., Clark, Peter E., Jalloh, Mohamed, Gueye, Serigne M., Niang, Lamine, Ogunbiyi, Olufemi, Shittu, Olayiwola, Amodu, Olukemi, Adebiyi, Akindele O., Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen I., Ajibola, Hafees O., Jamda, Mustapha A., Oluwole, Olabode P., Nwegbu, Maxwell, Adusei, Ben, Mante, Sunny, Darkwa-Abrahams, Afua, Diop, Halimatou, Gundell, Susan M., Roobol, Monique J., Jenster, Guido, van Schaik, Ron H. N., Hu, Jennifer J., Sanderson, Maureen, Kachuri, Linda, Varma, Rohit, McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Torres, Mina, Preuss, Michael H., Loos, Ruth J. F., Zawistowski, Matthew, Zöllner, Sebastian, Lu, Zeyun, Van Den Eeden, Stephen K., Easton, Douglas F., Ambs, Stefan, Edwards, Todd L., Mägi, Reedik, Rebbeck, Timothy R., Fritsche, Lars, Chanock, Stephen J., Berndt, Sonja I., Wiklund, Fredrik, Nakagawa, Hidewaki, Witte, John S., Gaziano, J. Michael, Justice, Amy C., Mancuso, Nick, Terao, Chikashi, Eeles, Rosalind A., Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Madduri, Ravi K., Conti, David V., and Haiman, Christopher A.

Published
2023
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17. Evidence of Novel Susceptibility Variants for Prostate Cancer and a Multiancestry Polygenic Risk Score Associated with Aggressive Disease in Men of African Ancestry

Author

Chen, Fei, Madduri, Ravi K., Rodriguez, Alex A., Darst, Burcu F., Chou, Alisha, Sheng, Xin, Wang, Anqi, Shen, Jiayi, Saunders, Edward J., Rhie, Suhn K., Bensen, Jeannette T., Ingles, Sue A., Kittles, Rick A., Strom, Sara S., Rybicki, Benjamin A., Nemesure, Barbara, Isaacs, William B., Stanford, Janet L., Zheng, Wei, Sanderson, Maureen, John, Esther M., Park, Jong Y., Xu, Jianfeng, Wang, Ying, Berndt, Sonja I., Huff, Chad D., Yeboah, Edward D., Tettey, Yao, Lachance, Joseph, Tang, Wei, Rentsch, Christopher T., Cho, Kelly, Mcmahon, Benjamin H., Biritwum, Richard B., Adjei, Andrew A., Tay, Evelyn, Truelove, Ann, Niwa, Shelley, Sellers, Thomas A., Yamoah, Kosj, Murphy, Adam B., Crawford, Dana C., Patel, Alpa V., Bush, William S., Aldrich, Melinda C., Cussenot, Olivier, Petrovics, Gyorgy, Cullen, Jennifer, Neslund-Dudas, Christine M., Stern, Mariana C., Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Govindasami, Koveela, Cook, Michael B., Chokkalingam, Anand P., Hsing, Ann W., Goodman, Phyllis J., Hoffmann, Thomas J., Drake, Bettina F., Hu, Jennifer J., Keaton, Jacob M., Hellwege, Jacklyn N., Clark, Peter E., Jalloh, Mohamed, Gueye, Serigne M., Niang, Lamine, Ogunbiyi, Olufemi, Idowu, Michael O., Popoola, Olufemi, Adebiyi, Akindele O., Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen I., Ajibola, Hafees O., Jamda, Mustapha A., Oluwole, Olabode P., Nwegbu, Maxwell, Adusei, Ben, Mante, Sunny, Darkwa-Abrahams, Afua, Mensah, James E., Diop, Halimatou, Van Den Eeden, Stephen K., Blanchet, Pascal, Fowke, Jay H., Casey, Graham, Hennis, Anselm J., Lubwama, Alexander, Thompson, Ian M., Jr., Leach, Robin, Easton, Douglas F., Preuss, Michael H., Loos, Ruth J., Gundell, Susan M., Wan, Peggy, Mohler, James L., Fontham, Elizabeth T., Smith, Gary J., Taylor, Jack A., Srivastava, Shiv, Eeles, Rosaline A., Carpten, John D., Kibel, Adam S., Multigner, Luc, Parent, Marie-Élise, Menegaux, Florence, Cancel-Tassin, Geraldine, Klein, Eric A., Andrews, Caroline, Rebbeck, Timothy R., Brureau, Laurent, Ambs, Stefan, Edwards, Todd L., Watya, Stephen, Chanock, Stephen J., Witte, John S., Blot, William J., Michael Gaziano, J., Justice, Amy C., Conti, David V., and Haiman, Christopher A.

Published
2023
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20. In-situ observations of the magnetothermodynamic evolution of electron-only reconnection.

Author

Payne, D. S., Swisdak, M., Eastwood, J. P., Drake, J. F., Pyakurel, P. S., and Shuster, J. R.

Subjects
PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), MAGNETIC reconnection, ELECTROMAGNETIC waves, THERMAL electrons, PHYSICAL sciences
Abstract

Field-particle energy exchange is important to the magnetic reconnection process, but uncertainties regarding the time evolution of this exchange remain. We investigate the temporal dynamics of field-particle energy exchange during magnetic reconnection, using Magnetospheric Multiscale mission observations of an electron-only reconnection event in the magnetosheath. The electron energy is in local minimum at the x-line due to a density depletion, while the magnetic energy is in local maximum due to a guide field enhancement. The electromagnetic energy transport comes almost entirely from guide field contributions and is confined within the reconnection plane, while the most significant contribution to electron energy transport is independent of the drift velocity with additional out-of-plane signatures. Multi-spacecraft analysis suggests that the guide field energy is decreasing while the electron density is increasing, both evolving such that the system is moving toward a more uniform distribution of magnetic and thermal energy. The exchange of electromagnetic and thermal energy in collisionless plasmas is an important area of study to understand many space physics processes. The authors use in-situ, high resolution measurements from the MMS mission to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of the electron thermal and electromagnetic energy landscape during an encounter with a magnetic reconnection site in the Earth's magnetosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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24. Performance of African-ancestry-specific polygenic hazard score varies according to local ancestry in 8q24

Author

Karunamuni, Roshan A., Huynh-Le, Minh-Phuong, Fan, Chun C., Thompson, Wesley, Lui, Asona, Martinez, Maria Elena, Rose, Brent S., Mahal, Brandon, Eeles, Rosalind A., Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Muir, Kenneth, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Tangen, Catherine M., Goodman, Phyllis J., Thompson, Jr., Ian M., Blot, William J., Zheng, Wei, Kibel, Adam S., Drake, Bettina F., Cussenot, Olivier, Cancel-Tassin, Géraldine, Menegaux, Florence, Truong, Thérèse, Park, Jong Y., Lin, Hui-Yi, Taylor, Jack A., Bensen, Jeannette T., Mohler, James L., Fontham, Elizabeth T. H., Multigner, Luc, Blanchet, Pascal, Brureau, Laurent, Romana, Marc, Leach, Robin J., John, Esther M., Fowke, Jay H., Bush, William S., Aldrich, Melinda C., Crawford, Dana C., Cullen, Jennifer, Petrovics, Gyorgy, Parent, Marie-Élise, Hu, Jennifer J., Sanderson, Maureen, Mills, Ian G., Andreassen, Ole A., Dale, Anders M., and Seibert, Tyler M.

Published
2022
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27. Future directions for deep ocean climate science and evidence-based decision making.

Author

Pillar, Helen R., Hetherington, Elizabeth, Levin, Lisa A., Cimoli, Laura, Lauderdale, Jonathan M., van der Grient, Jesse M. A., Johannes, Kristen, Heimbach, Patrick, Smith, Leslie, Addey, Charles I., Annasawmy, Pavanee, Antonio, Sandra, Bax, Narissa, Drake, Henri F., Escobar, Elva, Elsler, Laura G., Freilich, Mara A., Gallo, Natalya D., Girard, Fanny, and Harke, Matthew J.

Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY, DECISION making, POLICY sciences, FISHERIES
Abstract

Introduction: A defining aspect of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports (AR) is a formal uncertainty language framework that emphasizes higher certainty issues across the reports, especially in the executive summaries and short summaries for policymakers. As a result, potentially significant risks involving understudied components of the climate system are shielded from view. Methods: Here we seek to address this in the latest, sixth assessment report (AR6) for one such component—the deep ocean—by summarizing major uncertainties (based on discussions of low confidence issues or gaps) regarding its role in our changing climate system. The goal is to identify key research priorities to improve IPCC confidence levels in deep ocean systems and facilitate the dissemination of IPCC results regarding potentially high impact deep ocean processes to decision-makers. This will accelerate improvement of global climate projections and aid in informing efforts to mitigate climate change impacts. An analysis of 3,000 pages across the six selected AR6 reports revealed 219 major science gaps related to the deep ocean. These were categorized by climate stressor and nature of impacts. Results: Half of these are biological science gaps, primarily surrounding our understanding of changes in ocean ecosystems, fisheries, and primary productivity. The remaining science gaps are related to uncertainties in the physical (32%) and biogeochemical (15%) ocean states and processes. Model deficiencies are the leading cited cause of low certainty in the physical ocean and ice states, whereas causes of biological uncertainties are most often attributed to limited studies and observations or conflicting results. Discussion: Key areas for coordinated effort within the deep ocean observing and modeling community have emerged, which will improve confidence in the deep ocean state and its ongoing changes for the next assessment report. This list of key "known unknowns" includes meridional overturning circulation, ocean deoxygenation and acidification, primary production, food supply and the ocean carbon cycle, climate change impacts on ocean ecosystems and fisheries, and ocean-based climate interventions. From these findings, we offer recommendations for AR7 to avoid omitting low confidence-high risk changes in the climate system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Whistler wave scattering of energetic electrons past 90°.

Author

Ma, Hanqing, Drake, J. F., and Swisdak, M.

Subjects
*POSITRONS, *ELECTRON distribution, *SOLAR corona, *SPACE environment, *HEAT flux, *GALAXY clusters
Abstract

The consequences of a 90° barrier in the scattering of energetic electrons by whistler waves are explored with self-consistent two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. In the presence of a 90° scattering barrier, a field-aligned heat flux of energetic electrons will rapidly scatter to form a uniform distribution with pitch angles 0 < θ < 90 ° but with a discontinuous jump at θ = 90 ° to a lower energy distribution of electrons with 90 ° < θ < 180 °. However, simulations reveal that such a distribution contains a large reservoir of free energy that is released to drive large-amplitude, oblique-propagating whistler waves (δ B / B 0 ∼ 0.1). As a result, energetic electrons near a pitch angle 90° experience strong resonance scattering. Nearly half of the energetic electrons in the positive parallel velocity plane cross the 90° barrier and diffuse to negative parallel velocities. Thus, the late-time electron velocity distribution becomes nearly isotropic. This result has implications for understanding the regulation of energetic particle heat flux in space and astrophysical environments, including the solar corona, the solar wind, and the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction

Author

Conti, David V., Darst, Burcu F., Moss, Lilit C., Saunders, Edward J., Sheng, Xin, Chou, Alisha, Schumacher, Fredrick R., Olama, Ali Amin Al, Benlloch, Sara, Dadaev, Tokhir, Brook, Mark N., Sahimi, Ali, Hoffmann, Thomas J., Takahashi, Atushi, Matsuda, Koichi, Momozawa, Yukihide, Fujita, Masashi, Muir, Kenneth, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Wan, Peggy, Le Marchand, Loic, Wilkens, Lynne R., Stevens, Victoria L., Gapstur, Susan M., Carter, Brian D., Schleutker, Johanna, Tammela, Teuvo L. J., Sipeky, Csilla, Auvinen, Anssi, Giles, Graham G., Southey, Melissa C., MacInnis, Robert J., Cybulski, Cezary, Wokołorczyk, Dominika, Lubiński, Jan, Neal, David E., Donovan, Jenny L., Hamdy, Freddie C., Martin, Richard M., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Nielsen, Sune F., Weischer, Maren, Bojesen, Stig E., Røder, Martin Andreas, Iversen, Peter, Batra, Jyotsna, Chambers, Suzanne, Moya, Leire, Horvath, Lisa, Clements, Judith A., Tilley, Wayne, Risbridger, Gail P., Gronberg, Henrik, Aly, Markus, Szulkin, Robert, Eklund, Martin, Nordström, Tobias, Pashayan, Nora, Dunning, Alison M., Ghoussaini, Maya, Travis, Ruth C., Key, Tim J., Riboli, Elio, Park, Jong Y., Sellers, Thomas A., Lin, Hui-Yi, Albanes, Demetrius, Weinstein, Stephanie J., Mucci, Lorelei A., Giovannucci, Edward, Lindstrom, Sara, Kraft, Peter, Hunter, David J., Penney, Kathryn L., Turman, Constance, Tangen, Catherine M., Goodman, Phyllis J., Thompson, Jr., Ian M., Hamilton, Robert J., Fleshner, Neil E., Finelli, Antonio, Parent, Marie-Élise, Stanford, Janet L., Ostrander, Elaine A., Geybels, Milan S., Koutros, Stella, Freeman, Laura E. Beane, Stampfer, Meir, Wolk, Alicja, Håkansson, Niclas, Andriole, Gerald L., Hoover, Robert N., Machiela, Mitchell J., Sørensen, Karina Dalsgaard, Borre, Michael, Blot, William J., Zheng, Wei, Yeboah, Edward D., Mensah, James E., Lu, Yong-Jie, Zhang, Hong-Wei, Feng, Ninghan, Mao, Xueying, Wu, Yudong, Zhao, Shan-Chao, Sun, Zan, Thibodeau, Stephen N., McDonnell, Shannon K., Schaid, Daniel J., West, Catharine M. L., Burnet, Neil, Barnett, Gill, Maier, Christiane, Schnoeller, Thomas, Luedeke, Manuel, Kibel, Adam S., Drake, Bettina F., Cussenot, Olivier, Cancel-Tassin, Géraldine, Menegaux, Florence, Truong, Thérèse, Koudou, Yves Akoli, John, Esther M., Grindedal, Eli Marie, Maehle, Lovise, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Ingles, Sue A., Stern, Mariana C., Vega, Ana, Gómez-Caamaño, Antonio, Fachal, Laura, Rosenstein, Barry S., Kerns, Sarah L., Ostrer, Harry, Teixeira, Manuel R., Paulo, Paula, Brandão, Andreia, Watya, Stephen, Lubwama, Alexander, Bensen, Jeannette T., Fontham, Elizabeth T. H., Mohler, James, Taylor, Jack A., Kogevinas, Manolis, Llorca, Javier, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Cannon-Albright, Lisa, Teerlink, Craig C., Huff, Chad D., Strom, Sara S., Multigner, Luc, Blanchet, Pascal, Brureau, Laurent, Kaneva, Radka, Slavov, Chavdar, Mitev, Vanio, Leach, Robin J., Weaver, Brandi, Brenner, Hermann, Cuk, Katarina, Holleczek, Bernd, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Klein, Eric A., Hsing, Ann W., Kittles, Rick A., Murphy, Adam B., Logothetis, Christopher J., Kim, Jeri, Neuhausen, Susan L., Steele, Linda, Ding, Yuan Chun, Isaacs, William B., Nemesure, Barbara, Hennis, Anselm J. M., Carpten, John, Pandha, Hardev, Michael, Agnieszka, De Ruyck, Kim, De Meerleer, Gert, Ost, Piet, Xu, Jianfeng, Razack, Azad, Lim, Jasmine, Teo, Soo-Hwang, Newcomb, Lisa F., Lin, Daniel W., Fowke, Jay H., Neslund-Dudas, Christine, Rybicki, Benjamin A., Gamulin, Marija, Lessel, Davor, Kulis, Tomislav, Usmani, Nawaid, Singhal, Sandeep, Parliament, Matthew, Claessens, Frank, Joniau, Steven, Van den Broeck, Thomas, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Castelao, Jose Esteban, Martinez, Maria Elena, Larkin, Samantha, Townsend, Paul A., Aukim-Hastie, Claire, Bush, William S., Aldrich, Melinda C., Crawford, Dana C., Srivastava, Shiv, Cullen, Jennifer C., Petrovics, Gyorgy, Casey, Graham, Roobol, Monique J., Jenster, Guido, van Schaik, Ron H. N., Hu, Jennifer J., Sanderson, Maureen, Varma, Rohit, McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Torres, Mina, Mancuso, Nicholas, Berndt, Sonja I., Van Den Eeden, Stephen K., Easton, Douglas F., Chanock, Stephen J., Cook, Michael B., Wiklund, Fredrik, Nakagawa, Hidewaki, Witte, John S., Eeles, Rosalind A., Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, and Haiman, Christopher A.

Published
2021
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33. Barriers and potential solutions to effective pain management on a gastro-intestinal ward : an action research study in a university hospital

Author

Drake, G. F.

Subjects
616
Abstract

Aims: The current review examined the effects of nursing educational interventions on clinical outcomes for acute pain management in hospital settings, with emphasis given to the teaching methods used. The review also aimed to map these teaching methods onto known domains involved in healthcare behaviour-change, with reference to constructs developed by Michie and colleagues (2005). Methods: Three databases, Embase, Medline and CINAHL, were searched for experimental, quasi-experimental and observational studies, published between 2002 and 2015, that investigated nursing educational interventions in acute hospital settings and reported clinical outcomes. Included studies were appraised for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for quantitative studies (EPHPP). Results: Twelve studies were reviewed. A range of didactic and interactive teaching methods were used in the studies. These mapped onto many domains theorised to be involved in healthcare behaviour-change, though the studies did not explicitly reference the theory underlying the design of their interventions. All except four studies investigated nursing documentation of pain assessment as the main clinical outcome, with the majority finding positive effects of educational interventions on nursing pain assessment. Of the remaining studies, one used patient satisfaction with pain management as the main outcome, two included patient self-report of pain scores as the key measure and one study measured changes in nurses' delivery of a relaxation intervention for pain after an educational intervention. These findings were more mixed with some positive outcomes in patient satisfaction and reductions in self-reported pain scores following nursing interventions. Conclusions: More needs to be done in the design of nursing educational interventions to factor in existing theory on behaviour-change as well as to give emphasis to the relational, contextual and emotive nature of nursing pain management in hospital settings.

Published
2015

37. Establishing an International Interdisciplinary Research Network in Craniofacial Microsomia: The CARE Program.

Author

Stock, Nicola M., Crerand, Canice E., Johns, Alexis L., McKinney, Christy M., Koudstaal, Maarten J., Drake, Amelia F., and Heike, Carrie L.

Subjects
PSYCHOTHERAPY, INTERVIEWING, GOLDENHAR syndrome, RESEARCH methodology, CONCEPTUAL structures, HEALTH care teams
Abstract

Objective: Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a broad clinical term used to describe a congenital condition most commonly involving the underdevelopment of the external ear, mandible, soft tissues, and facial nerve. Despite medical advances, understanding of the psychological health and healthcare experiences of individuals with CFM and their caregivers remains limited. This article describes a research program designed to address these knowledge gaps, and identify opportunities for psychosocial intervention and improved healthcare provision. Design: The Craniofacial microsomia: Accelerating Research and Education (CARE) research program aims to: 1) Conduct up to 160 narrative interviews with individuals and caregivers to validate a conceptual framework; 2) Administer an online international survey of up to 800 individuals with CFM and caregivers to identify predictors of psychological distress; 3) Perform up to 60 semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers and advocacy leaders to examine the extent to which current healthcare provisions address identified patient needs; and 4) Establish a participant registry to build a longitudinal database and develop an international community. Results: Teams in the USA and UK have been established, alongside an international, interdisciplinary Advisory Committee. Data analysis for Aim 1 is ongoing and informing the delivery of Aims 2-3. Aim 4 is also in development. A dedicated website serves as a recruitment tool, educational resource, and mechanism for engaging with the CFM community. Conclusions: The CARE program provides a comprehensive approach to understanding the experiences of individuals with CFM and their caregivers. Challenges encountered and lessons learned are shared for the benefit of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Improving Craniofacial Team Collaboration: A Multicenter Interview Study of Effective Team Meetings.

Author

Hollingsworth, Elexis, Shields, Benjamin H, Rutter, Christopher, Fox, Lynn, Evans, Kelly N, Willging, Jay Paul, and Drake, Amelia F

Subjects
MEDICAL protocols, CLEFT palate, PATIENTS' attitudes, SEMI-structured interviews, SELF-evaluation
Abstract

In the USA, the American Cleft Palate Association-Craniofacial Association (ACPA-CPF) specifies guidelines to ensure craniofacial teams function in a multidisciplinary fashion to provide care in a sequence that mirrors the patient's needs. Among these guidelines is the expectation that teams hold regular multidisciplinary team meetings to discuss patient care. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to optimal team functioning during these meetings. The impact of the virtual format on meetings was also evaluated. Design: One-hour semi-structured interviews of craniofacial team members, queried on current and ideal team meetings, were conducted from December 2020 – January 2021. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify common themes until thematic saturation was achieved. Setting/Participants: Sixteen team members from three major American craniofacial centers were interviewed virtually. Results: Three major categories were identified as integral to successful meetings: (1) meeting content, (2) meeting processes, and (3) team dynamics. Within these categories are several factors that participants reported as important to optimize their multidisciplinary meetings: key content for discussions, integration of patient perspective, recognition of collaboration in determining proper sequence of treatments, an attentive discussion leader promoting equitable discussions, managing absences, and team diversity. Participants also identified benefits and pitfalls of hosting meetings in the virtual setting, including lack of engagement and awkward communication. Conclusion: Diverse groups of disciplines are expected to come together during craniofacial multidisciplinary meetings to formulate intricate care plans for complex patients. In this study, craniofacial team members have identified several key factors to optimize these meetings. The research group used these factors to propose a self-evaluation instrument for meeting quality improvement, provided in printable format. Further studies should evaluate how implementation of these factors affects meetings and ultimately guides patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Electron-scale dynamics of the diffusion region during symmetric magnetic reconnection in space

Author

Torbert, R. B., Burch, J. L., Phan, T. D., Hesse, M., Argall, M. R., Shuster, J., Ergun, R. E., Alm, L., Nakamura, R., Genestreti, K. J., Gershman, D. J., Paterson, W. R., Turner, D. L., Cohen, I., Giles, B. L., Pollock, C. J., Wang, S., Chen, L.-J., Stawarz, J. E., Eastwood, J. P., Hwang, K. J., Farrugia, C., Dors, I., Vaith, H., Mouikis, C., Ardakani, A., Mauk, B. H., Fuselier, S. A., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Moore, T. E., Drake, J. F., Shay, M. A., Khotyaintsev, Yuri V., Lindqvist, P.-A., Baumjohann, W., Wilder, F. D., Ahmadi, N., Dorelli, J. C., Avanov, L. A., Oka, M., Baker, D. N., Fennell, J. F., Blake, J. B., Jaynes, A. N., Le Contel, O., Petrinec, S. M., Lavraud, B., and Saito, Y.

Published
2018

44. Highly structured slow solar wind emerging from an equatorial coronal hole

Author

Bale, S. D., Badman, S. T., Bonnell, J. W., Bowen, T. A., Burgess, D., Case, A. W., Cattell, C. A., Chandran, B. D. G., Chaston, C. C., Chen, C. H. K., Drake, J. F., de Wit, T. Dudok, Eastwood, J. P., Ergun, R. E., Farrell, W. M., Fong, C., Goetz, K., Goldstein, M., Goodrich, K. A., Harvey, P. R., Horbury, T. S., Howes, G. G., Kasper, J. C., Kellogg, P. J., Klimchuk, J. A., Korreck, K. E., Krasnoselskikh, V. V., Krucker, S., Laker, R., Larson, D. E., MacDowall, R. J., Maksimovic, M., Malaspina, D. M., Martinez-Oliveros, J., McComas, D. J., Meyer-Vernet, N., Moncuquet, M., Mozer, F. S., Phan, T. D., Pulupa, M., Raouafi, N. E., Salem, C., Stansby, D., Stevens, M., Szabo, A., Velli, M., Woolley, T., and Wygant, J. R.

Published
2019
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45. Lagrangian ocean analysis: Fundamentals and practices

Author

van Sebille, Erik, Griffies, Stephen M., Abernathey, Ryan, Adams, Thomas P., Berloff, Pavel, Biastoch, Arne, Blanke, Bruno, Chassignet, Eric P., Cheng, Yu, Cotter, Colin J., Deleersnijder, Eric, Döös, Kristofer, Drake, Henri F., Drijfhout, Sybren, Gary, Stefan F., Heemink, Arnold W., Kjellsson, Joakim, Koszalka, Inga Monika, Lange, Michael, Lique, Camille, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., Marsh, Robert, Mayorga Adame, C. Gabriela, McAdam, Ronan, Nencioli, Francesco, Paris, Claire B., Piggott, Matthew D., Polton, Jeff A., Rühs, Siren, Shah, Syed H.A.M., Thomas, Matthew D., Wang, Jinbo, Wolfram, Phillip J., Zanna, Laure, and Zika, Jan D.

Published
2018
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49. A pleurocidin analogue with greater conformational flexibility, enhanced antimicrobial potency and in vivo therapeutic efficacy

Author

Manzo, Giorgia, Hind, Charlotte K., Ferguson, Philip M., Amison, Richard T., Hodgson-Casson, Alice C., Ciazynska, Katarzyna A., Weller, Bethany J., Clarke, Maria, Lam, Carolyn, Man, Rico C. H., Shaughnessy, Blaze G. O’, Clifford, Melanie, Bui, Tam T., Drake, Alex F., Atkinson, R. Andrew, Lam, Jenny K. W., Pitchford, Simon C., Page, Clive P., Phoenix, David A., Lorenz, Christian D., Sutton, J. Mark, and Mason, A. James

Published
2020
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50. A computational model for ion and electron energization during macroscale magnetic reconnection.

Author

Yin, Zhiyu, Drake, J. F., and Swisdak, M.

Subjects
*MAGNETIC reconnection, *PLASMA Alfven waves, *ELECTRONS, *PLASMA instabilities, *IONS
Abstract

A set of equations is developed that extends the macroscale magnetic reconnection simulation model kglobal to include particle ions. The extension from earlier versions of kglobal, which included only particle electrons, requires the inclusion of the inertia of particle ions in the fluid momentum equation. The new equations will facilitate the exploration of the simultaneous non-thermal energization of ions and electrons during magnetic reconnection in macroscale systems. Numerical tests of the propagation of Alfvén waves and the growth of firehose modes in a plasma with anisotropic electron and ion pressure are presented to benchmark the new model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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