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4. Farm Size, Soil Investment, and Quality: Theory and Evidence from a Panel Data Set in Tanzania.

Author

Dougherty, John P.

Subjects
*FARM size, *PANEL analysis, *CROPS, *SMALL farms, DEVELOPING countries
Abstract

Achieving sustainable agricultural development is a vital concern as soil degradation poses a growing threat to the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in the developing world. Previous literature has highlighted the potential for rural population growth to exacerbate this concern by leading to smaller farm sizes and crop production on marginal land. This paper uses a theoretical model to demonstrate a countervailing effect consistent with the work of Esther Boserup: Smaller farm sizes can encourage greater intensification and investment in the soil. Using panel data from the Tanzania National Panel Survey, I test the model and find some evidence consistent with this effect. Smaller farms are associated with greater organic, but not inorganic, fertilizer application, and higher levels of some soil quality proxies. These results suggest that if key resource and information constraints are overcome, population growth need not be an obstacle, and can be a boon, to sustainable agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Effective Programs for At-Risk Adolescents. Fastback 308.

Author

Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, Bloomington, IN. and Dougherty, John W.

Abstract

Students considered at-risk are defined as students who lack a sense of identity, personal connectedness, and personal power. Another characteristic of at-risk students is the role parents play or fail to play in the at-risk behavior. A case is made for all students being at risk at some point in their lives. Four programs were designed and implemented to help at-risk and marginal students at one junior high school. The four programs include the OK Club, the Quest for Success Skills Program, the I-CANN (Individualized Course Alternative, Now or Never), and the Student Assistance Council. The OK Club is designed to build self-esteem and to provide after school-support and requires a strong parental component. The Quest for Success Skills Program is a transition program which prepares at risk sixth-graders for junior high school. The I-CANN Program provides counseling, development of self-esteem, and a hands-on curriculum. It also has a strong parental component. The Student Assistance Council involves a staff team that assesses the needs of at-risk students and recommends actions to address those needs. A successful program must begin with an attitude of caring. This caring attitude must be reflected by the total school staff toward every student and his or her family. (ABL)

Published
1990

9. Identity in Gauge Theories

Author

Dougherty, John

Subjects
Philosophy of science, Philosophy
Abstract

I argue that contemporary theories of physics are best understood as involving a more refined identity relation than the one found in first order logic. I use this identity relation to provide novel interpretations of Yang–Mills theory and General Relativity, two of the most successful physical theories. I show that my interpretation is superior to those currently on the market because it solves problems left open by extant interpretations and provides a better explanation of the distinctive features of these theories. My interpretation also fills gaps in justification found in the physics literature.

Published
2018

13. Classroom Management and the Middle School Philosophy. Fastback 500.

Author

Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, Bloomington, IN. and Dougherty, John W.

Abstract

This document explores how teachers can connect the instructional and interpersonal approaches embedded in middle-school philosophy to effective classroom management. It describes the current mismatch between middle-school philosophy and practice and how the creation of middle-school grades introduced a volatile mismatch between a school's organization and the intellectual and emotional needs of young adolescents. Traditional methods of dealing with classroom misbehavior, left over from the eras of K-8 schools and junior highs, and the goals and philosophy of the middle school have not been fully reconciled. To correct this, schools need to create small communities. They also should teach a core academic program that helps students become critical thinkers, should foster students' health and fitness, and should re-engage families in education. Schools can move toward a positive classroom climate by making rules and consequences clear to everyone, by arranging classrooms so that they can be easily managed, by showing respect for students, by involving parents in all facets of their children's education, and by making team rules that establish parameters for student conduct. Finally, the school principal should establish an atmosphere of prevention and should work with teachers to manage behavior in order to avoid removing students from the classroom. (Contains 33 references.) (RJM)

Published
2002

14. Instructional Cases: Learning from the Dilemmas of Practicing Teachers.

Author

Kitano, Margie K., Landry, Helen, Dougherty, John, Kanevsky, Lannie, Yerrick, Randy, Asakawa, Byron, Bradley, Christopher, Cross, Tracy, Philipp, Randolph, Windram, Mary, Ford, Donna, Colvin, Carolyn, and Wiebe, Ruth

Abstract

One elementary and two secondary teachers from the Roeper School (Michigan) for gifted students present instructional dilemmas that exemplify the complex nature of teaching. Each case is followed by expert commentaries from within and outside the field of gifted education. Cases address learning from a master teacher, the student with a poor attitude, and a reluctant reader. (DB)

Published
2001

15. Attending to Attendance. Fastback 450.

Author

Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, Bloomington, IN. and Dougherty, John W.

Abstract

This fastback document examines student absenteeism and offers advice on what schools can do to improve attendance. It looks at truancy, absenteeism, and tardiness and how, since the first days of compulsory education, educators have had to deal with these obstacles to education. Since the 1970s absenteeism has been identified by many educators as the most persistent problem that schools face. Absenteeism rates vary from suburban to urban districts, and the causes can be traced to several factors, such as the home environment. Schools try to curb absenteeism by various methods, but overall, school principals must play a key role in improving attendance, which includes developing an attendance philosophy for the school. But even the best attendance policy must be accompanied by an understanding of student motivation. Schools must look at whether alienation is playing a part in absences. Other factors, such as cultural values, socialization, social responsibility, academic rigor, and school climate, must also be considered when examining attendance patterns. To improve attendance, schools should develop a clear, fair attendance policy, should support the attendance policy by placing a premium on uninterrupted instructional time, and should review and renew the attendance policy regularly. (Contains 58 references.) (RJM)

Published
1999

16. Four Philosophies that Shape the Middle School. Fastback 410.

Author

Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, Bloomington, IN. and Dougherty, John W.

Abstract

This booklet examines four philosophical approaches which undergird the tenets of middle school: (1) invitational education; (2) democratic schools; (3) constructivist teaching; and (4) reflective teaching. An introduction discusses the history of the middle school movement, lists characteristics of exemplary middle schools, presents recommendations of the Carnegie Task Force for middle school operation, and summarizes the functions of middle schools. A chapter is devoted to each of the philosophical movements; in each chapter, the philosophy is defined, its major principles elucidated, and its implementation at the middle school level discussed. Invitational education involves working from a language that expresses care, reflected through modeling, dialogue, practice, and confirmation. The basis of democratic schools is to make a commitment to conditions and processes that make mutual respect and continuous dialogue possible for all participants. Constructivist teaching entails a belief that learning is a social process in which teachers help learners to internalize and reshape information or reinvent their knowledge. Reflective teaching requires teachers to think seriously about the origins and consequences of their pedagogy and about the situations and constraints embedded in the instructional, curricular, school, and social contexts in which they work. The four philosophical movements are complementary and provide a sound basis for educators to provide meaningful experiences for young adolescents. (Contains 43 references.) (Author/KDFB)

Published
1997

17. Flooded by Progress: Law, Natural Resources, and Native Rights in the Postwar Pacific Northwest

Author

Dougherty, John J.

Subjects
Ethnic studies, Native American studies, American history
Abstract

This dissertation examines the politics of federal Indian law and the changing economic and environmental landscape of the postwar Pacific Northwest. In particular, it contends that the changing legal status of Native lands and resources was instrumental in both the massive industrial expansion, and subsequent environmental transformation, of the postwar Pacific Northwest. It traces the relations between economic and environmental changes and their connections to the dramatic policy shift in Indian affairs from the early 1950s, when the federal government unilaterally terminated tribal status of 109 Native communities, most of them in the Pacific Northwest, to the Native sovereignty movement, which precipitated new national policies of self-determination in the 1970s. Not only does the dissertation illuminate how Native communities in the Pacific Northwest were inequitably burdened by the region's environmental and economic transformations in the second half of the 20th century, it also demonstrates how these transformations fueled the national economy in the postwar years as well as the emergence of Native activism, and how Native communities actively navigated and influenced seminal directions in federal Indian policy. Lastly, it illustrates how Native communities in the Pacific Northwest responded to the economic and environmental struggles of the early sovereignty era. This dissertation remaps the field of Native American history, by foregrounding its critical intersections with 20th-century environmental and economic histories. It relies heavily on materials from the National Archives & Records Administration Regional Office in Seattle, Washington, and agency archives from the Bonneville Power Administration, US Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, all in Portland, Oregon. In addition, the dissertation utilizes a variety of additional evidentiary support, and records from tribes in the Pacific Northwest.

Published
2014

31. The impact of index‐insured loans on credit market participation and risk‐taking.

Author

Gallenstein, Richard A., Flatnes, Jon Einar, Dougherty, John P., Sam, Abdoul G., and Mishra, Khushbu

Subjects
BOND market, CREDIT insurance, LOANS, AGRICULTURAL credit, INSURANCE policies
Abstract

Index‐insured loans offer considerable advantages over standalone insurance policies for improving farmers' access to agricultural credit. However, research on demand for such products and their impact on profitable investment decisions has been limited and conflicting. In this article, we investigate the impact of index insurance on demand for credit and investment decisions using a lab‐in‐the‐field experiment conducted in rural Tanzania. We find that index insurance increases demand for credit and high‐risk high‐return investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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32. The Relationship of Piagetian Stages to Mental Retardation.

Author

Dougherty, John M. and Moran, James D., III

Abstract

A review of the literature on the application of Piagetian theory to the understanding of mental retardation suggests that functioning of mentally retarded children parallels the developmental sequence proposed for the nonretarded child. The behavior of retarded individuals can be interpreted as typical of selected Piagetian stages. (Author/CL)

Published
1983

33. Report on Changes under Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act. Prepared for the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. United States House of Representatives, 99th Congress, 1st Session. Serial No. 99-B.

Author

Dougherty, John Chrysostom, IV

Abstract

This Congressional report focuses on how States are implementing the largest of the Federal elementary and secondary grant programs, Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA). Much of the information provided in the report, which consists of eight chapters, was derived from interviews with State Chapter 1 directors. Chapter 1 gives a brief history of TItle I and of some of the events that led to the passage of ECIA. Chapter 2 describes changes that have occurred under ECIA in the division of responsibility between the Department of Education and the States. Chapter 3 examines how school districts select schools and children to serve under the program. Chapter 4 looks at States' enforcement of the provisions in Chapter 1 that ensure that Federal funds are spent on the children for whom they are intended. Chapter 5 provides a brief examination of States' and school districts' evaluation practices. Chapter 6 focuses on State monitoring of Chapter 1 projects and State technical assistance to districts to improve program quality. Chapter 7 examines the decline in parent involvement that has occurred in many States and discusses practical ways of increasing that involvement. The end of each of these chapters presents a summary of recommendations. Finally, Chapter 8 discusses conclusions and presents recommendations. It argues against proposals to freeze Chapter 1; calls for increased Federal guidance; recommends funding efforts to improve program quality; and proposes strengthening Chapter 1's parent involvement provisions. Two appendices present the study questionnaire for State Chapter 1 directors and a list of interviews with the directors. (KH)

Published
1985

34. The Implementation of Family Life Education in New Jersey Public Schools. A Report.

Author

New Jersey State Dept. of Education, Trenton., Flamer, Mary Guess, and Dougherty, John

Abstract

This report summarizes information about Family Life Education (FLE) as mandated by the New Jersey Board of Education. The information is taken from a variety of sources and three principal concerns of the state board are analyzed: (1) the status of implementation of family life education; (2) local district perceptions of training needs; and (3) the availability of curricular models which interested districts might study and adopt or adapt. The report concludes with a summary of major findings in seven areas: (1) Organization of Instruction: Of the 354 districts surveyed 47 percent combine separate and interdisciplinary instruction methods; (2) Placement of FLE Instruction: Most districts begin FLE instruction in the lower primary grades and continue through grade 9; (3) Instructional Practices: Districts emphasize the FLE areas of family relationships, personal growth and development, and social relations; (4) Community Involvement: A high degree of community involvement, beyond the minimal requirement, is indicated by the inclusion of parents and the community in curriculum development and as sources for instructional resources; (5) Staff Training: More districts provide their own training, rather than acquiring it by other means; (6) Implementation Problems: Most districts report no problems in implementing the curricula. Some districts, however, perceive problems of inadequate staff knowledge, lack of materials, and insufficient time for staff training; and (7) Curriculum Models: A substantial number of New Jersey districts have confidence in the applicability of their own FLE programs and responded to a request for self-nomination and demonstration of fulfillment of established criteria. Three appendices are included: a "Family Life Education Implementation Profile Form," a "Family Life Self-Nomination Form," and a summary entitled "Highlights of a National Association of State Board of Education Study." (APG)

Published
1986

35. Implementing IEPs--Implications for the Principal.

Author

Dougherty, John W.

Abstract

Specifically explains procedures and techniques necessary to be in compliance with the Individualized Educational Program of the Handicapped Children's Act. Also describes principal's role in mainstreaming handicapped students. (LD)

Published
1979

37. Evaluation of the effects of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and pharmacological interventions in multiple mouse behavioral assays.

Author

Dougherty, John P., Springer, Danielle A., Cullen, Mary J., and Gershengorn, Marvin C.

Subjects
*TREADMILL exercise, *EXERCISE tests, *LONG-distance running, *CANCER fatigue, *QUALITY of life, *TREADMILLS
Abstract

Highlights • 5-fluorouracil induced fatigue and decreased food intake, body weight, and WBCs. • Fatigue was detectable using VWRA and TFT, but not OFT, FST, or exercise capacity. • Taltirelin alleviated fatigue in the TFT. • Methylphenidate alleviated fatigue in the TFT and increased locomotor activity. Abstract Fatigue is a common symptom in many diseases and disorders and can reduce quality of life, yet lacks an adequate pharmacological intervention. To identify and develop such interventions, and to better understand fatigue, additional preclinical research is necessary. However, despite numerous mouse behavioral assays reportedly detecting fatigue-like behavior, the assumption that fatigue-like behavior is detected in many assays has not been validated through a cross-assay study. Thus, we modeled fatigue in mice by administering 5-fluorouracil, a chemotherapy drug known to cause fatigue in humans and fatigue-like behavior in mice, then evaluated its effects via voluntary wheel running activity (VWRA), locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT), immobility in the forced swim test (FST), and distance run in the treadmill fatigue test (TFT) and treadmill exercise capacity test. Additionally, taltirelin or methylphenidate was administered to alleviate fatigue-like behavior. As a result of 5-fluorouracil treatment, VWRA and the TFT were markedly reduced, indicating fatigue. The OFT, FST, and treadmill exercise capacity test, however, failed to detect fatigue-like behavior. Interestingly, both taltirelin and methylphenidate alleviated fatigue-like behavior in TFT. These data suggest that, of the current assays, only the TFT and VWRA should be expected to detect fatigue-like behavior. Moreover, this study provides additional evidence that taltirelin may provide a novel treatment for chemotherapy-induced fatigue and warrants further evaluation as an anti-fatigue therapeutic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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38. Inclusion and Teaming: It's a Natural Collaboration.

Author

Dougherty, John W.

Abstract

Inclusive education for students with disabilities is consistent with educational reform principles emphasizing high standards for all students, specified outcomes, authentic assessment systems, interdisciplinary teaching teams, and school organizational modifications supporting reform. In one Missouri junior high school, special education teachers are assigned to each of 10 interdisciplinary teams to help with whole-class, individual, or small-group instruction. (MLH)

Published
1994

43. The Annual Meeting of the Pavlovian Society

Author

Drescher, Vincent, Gantt, W. Horsley, McGuigan, F. J., Murphree, Oddist D., Brown, C. J., Anderson, D. E., Young, J. Z., White, Merrill J., Ray, Roger D., Murchison, Earl, Murchison, Earl, Evans, William E., Lilly, John C., Bridger, Wagner H., Schiff, Stanley R., King, James J., Newton, J. E. O., Chapin, J. L., Natelson, Benjamin H., Hoffman, Scott L., Cagin, Norman A., Clower, B. R., Andy, O. J., Peeler, D. F., Wyrwicka, W., Garcia, R., Glavin, Gary B., Pare, William P., Vincent, George P., Wikler, Abraham, Dougherty, John A., Miller, Diane, Wilson, Michael F., Brackett, Daniel J., Tompkins, Paul, Schaefer, Carl F., Randall, David C., Kimmel, H. D., Brennan, F., Budrionis, M., Raich, M., Schonfeld, L., Scott, J. P., and Lucas, L. A.

Published
1979
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46. Risk Assessment Tools for Osteoporosis-Related Fractures.

Author

DOUGHERTY, JOHN, XUEZHI JIANG, and SCHNATZ, PETER F.

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a prevalent and potential debilitating disease. Characterized by architectural modifications in bone matrix, osteoporosis ultimately increases the propensity for bones to fracture, especially at the hip and spine. Fortunately, osteoporosis can be treated effectively if detected at an early stage. While recognizing an increased risk offracture in women with osteoporosis, mostcases of fracture occur in women with osteopenia or low bone mass. A good fracture risk assessment tool would be more clinically meaningful than an accurate osteoporosis screening or diagnostic tool. Here we present a concise review of the existing modalities which may be utilized to screen for osteoporosis or predict risk of osteoporotic fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

47. Monocular Estimation of Ground Orientation for Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor.

Author

Dougherty, John A. and Taeyoung Lee

Subjects
QUADROTOR helicopters, MONOCULARS, TRAJECTORY measurements, STABILITY (Mechanics), IMAGE processing
Abstract

The article reports on monocular vision to estimate the ground orientation for autonomous landing of a Quadrotor. It states that estimate may be used to design an appropriate landing trajectory based on the switching conditions between the position-tracking and attitude-tracking controller modes and switching between modes is robust due to the global stability properties. It mentions that the image processing approach used assumes that intensity of laser points in the image is much brighter.

Published
2016
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48. Stiffness of resting lumbar myofascia in healthy young subjects quantified using a handheld myotonometer and concurrently with surface electromyography monitoring.

Author

Nair, Kalyani, Masi, Alfonse T., Andonian, Brian J., Barry, Alexander J., Coates, Brandon A., Dougherty, John, Schaefer, Emily, Henderson, Jacqueline, and Kelly, Joseph

Abstract

Summary This study aimed to non-invasively quantify passive stiffness of superficial myofascia at a lower lumbar (L3-L4) anatomical level in young healthy male and female subjects and investigate its possible morphological variation. Resting prone lumbar myofascial measurements were quantified using MyotonPro ® and statistically analyzed in 20 young healthy individuals over 3-weekly intervals, concurrently with surface electromyography (sEMG). Averaged mean ± SE stiffness (Newton/meter) over three weeks was significantly (p < 0.001) greater in males (247.8 ± 11.3) than females (208.4 ± 11.3), on the right (237.7 ± 12.8) than left sides (218.5 ± 12.3), at 10-min (231.4 ± 9.1) than initial baseline (224.8 ± 9.1) values. A polymorphism of stiffness values in 10 male and 10 female subjects was suggested by box plot analyses of the 3 weekly measurements and greater inter-individual than intra-individual variances. Greater knowledge of lumbar myofascial stiffness can improve understanding of their contributions in health and chronic low back disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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49. In Every Age.

Author

Dougherty, John

Abstract

The article discusses the naming tradition of the family author John Dougherty. Topics include the family background of John James Dougherty from Ireland in 1830 during potato famine in Inishowen Peninsula; their Jesuit education, Carrer, job life and importance of the shared names in his son's life focusing on the journeys of the family, the hardships faced by family.

Published
2022

50. The use of application-based learning techniques in a college of pharmacy-based biostatistics course.

Author

Feild, Carinda, Belgado, Bernadette, Dougherty, John, Doering, Paul, and Gong, Yan

Abstract

Objective This work aims to evaluate whether a pharmacy statistics course utilizing application-based teaching strategies increases students’ confidence in their ability to read the medical literature and interpret study statistics. Methods Application-based assignments were developed and incorporated into weekly live discussion sessions. Assignments included interpretation of statistical results from medically related journal articles, from statistical program output, and determination of which statistical methods are most appropriate for a given set of data. Students completed pre- and post-course surveys regarding demographic information and confidence in ability to perform these tasks. Results A comparison of the pre-and post-course surveys demonstrated that the percentages of students’ agreeing or strongly agreeing that they (1) feel comfortable in reading a journal article increased by 22%, (2) know how to classify studies increased by 41%, (3) know how to evaluate statistics increased by 64%, and (4) understand significance, p value, and power increased by 66%. These findings were statistically significant and consistent across campuses and years. Conclusion Following completion of an application-based pharmacy focused biostatistics course, students had more confidence in their ability to perform tasks associated with interpretation of statistics and medical literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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