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Biquinho pepper has been gaining prominence on the national scene because of its sweet taste and low pungency. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the phenological growth stages of biquinho pepper according to the BBCH scale. Based on this general scale, biquinho pepper showed 9 of the 10 principal stages (germination, leaf development, formation of side shoots, shoot development, development of the harvestable vegetative parts of the plant, flowering, fruit development, coloring or ripening of fruits and senescence). In addition, 25 secondary growth stages have also been described. The study will act as a tool for adoption of better crop management practices (nutrient management, irrigation scheduling, monitoring of management of pests and timely harvest of fruits). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surinam cherry is a native fruit tree with market potential. However, the pulp yield can be impaired by the size of the fruit seed. At UTFPR there is a genotype which produces seedless fruits, that can intensify the use of this species in orchards, and it is important to analyze the quality of the produced fruit. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of fruits from pirenic and apirenic accessions of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora). In 2012, 2013 and 2015, 40 ripe fruits were collected from 23 Surinam cherry accessions, including an apirenic genotype one. The fruits were taken to the laboratory and analyzed regarding total fruit and seed weight, equatorial fruit and seed diameter, and total soluble solids content (SST). The twenty-third access presented physical characteristics that stood out from the other accesses, but, a larger size of the seed is an undesirable factor, once with industrialization it diminishes the use and yield of the pulp. Access 19, corresponding to the apirenic cherry tree, presented a smaller diameter and seed weight, which is a desirable feature. This genotype also has the physicochemical characteristics considered appropriate for processing or fresh market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) presents potential for commercial exploitation as a fruit, ornamental or medicinal plant. However, for its usage in orchards, it is ideal that the seedlings come from vegetative propagation techniques. The aim of this work was to test the usage of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates, at two harvesting times (before and after fruiting) in the cutting propagation of pomegranate. The work was carried out at UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (IBA concentration x substrate), with four replications and ten cuttings per experimental unit. IAB was tested at concentrations 0; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg L-1. The used substrates were Red Latosol, medium textured sand, commercial substrate MecPlant® and a mixture of Red Latosol + sand + commercial (1:1:1, v/v). The cuttings were placed in beds in a screened protected environment, with 50% shading. Irrigation was performed three times a day for 30 min., by a micro sprinkler. After 60 days, rooting (%), cuttings with callus (%), number of primary leaf and root shoots, length of the three largest roots and percentage of dead cuttings were evaluated. Cutting presented itself as a potential technique to be adopted for pomegranate, using sand, with the use of IBA at concentrations between 1600 and 1750 mg L-1. Cuttings must be collected before fruiting. However, rhizogenesis close to 50% was achieved at the time after such phenological stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pitangueira (E. uniflora) is considered a diploid species with n = 11 and 2n = 22 chromosomes, in genotypes with the presence of seeds in the fruits. With the pitangueira production of apyrenic fruits existence, such behavior may be related to the ploidy level. The objective of this study was to determine the ploidy level of the pitangueira accessions producing fruit with and without seed, as well as to observe the meiotic behavior and possible chromosomal abnormalities. To check the ploidy level of the pitangueira, freshly expanded mature leaves were collected from the pyrenic pitangueira and from two pyrenic accessions, with suspensions of intact nuclei being prepared. Samples were analyzed in a flow cytometer equipped with multiple parameters data acquisition and UV laser. All analyses were performed using peak-height detection (>6000 fluorescent events, for example, nuclei, were analyzed per sample) and logarithmic amplification. The data were presented as histograms of the number of nuclei along the y-axis and the relative fluorescence intensity on the x-axis. The pyrenean pitangueira and other two pyrenic accessions were characterized as diploid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the management techniques that aim to improve the quality of the fruits is green pruning, which main purpose is to increase the penetration of light in the crown, favoring pigmentation, thus improving the flavor of the fruits. However, it is not always done, since it requires labor. The objective of this work was to evaluate the time and the way of Management green pruning, as well as the practice of thinning associated with it in order to obtain high quality peaches from the 'Charme' cultivar. The work was carried out in a commercial orchard in the Dois Vizinhos (PR) municipality, in three productive cycles. A completely randomized design was used, a 3 x 3 bifactorial scheme (green pruning time x green pruning management technique), with 4 replications of two plants per experimental unit. The times of green pruning or bending were in the third, fourth and fifth weeks before harvest. The techniques were first to remove vertical branches facing the center of the canopy and in the base of the tree with reference to broken and poorly ones and, the second the belding of these. The productive capacity and the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits were evaluated in three productive cycles. The quality of the 'Charme' peach only presented improvements with the green pruning from the third year of its realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the usual surgical option for curative treatment of periampullary cancer and carries a significant mortality. Arterial anomalies of the celiac axis are not uncommon and might lead to iatrogenic lesions or requiring arterial resection/reconstruction in a pancreatoduodenectomy., Aim: Determine the prevalence of arterial variations having implications in pancreatoduodenectomy., Methods: Celiac trunk and hepatic arterial system anatomy was retrospectively evaluated in 200 abdominal enhanced computed tomography studies., Results: Normal anatomy of hepatic arterial system was found in 87% of cases. An anomalous right hepatic artery was identified in 13% of cases. In 12 cases there was a substitute right hepatic artery arising from superior mesenteric artery and in two cases an accessory right hepatic artery with similar origin. A hepatomesenteric trunk was identified in seven cases and in five there was a right hepatic artery directly from the celiac trunk. All cases of anomalous right hepatic artery had a route was behind the pancreatic head and then, posteriorly and laterally, to the main portal vein before reaching the liver., Conclusions: Hepatic artery variations, such as anomalous right hepatic artery crossing posterior to the portal vein, are frequently seen (13%). These patients, when undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, may require a change in the surgical approach to achieve an adequate resection. Preoperative imaging can clearly identify such variations and help to achieve a safer pancreatic head dissection with proper surgical planning.

Aim: To evaluate safety and outcomes of a new technique for extreme hepatic resections with preservation of segment 4 only., Methods: The new method of extreme liver resection consists of a two-stage hepatectomy. The first stage involves a right hepatectomy with middle hepatic vein preservation and induction of left lobe congestion; the second stage involves a left lobectomy. Thus, the remnant liver is represented by the segment 4 only (with or without segment 1, ± S1). Five patients underwent the new two-stage hepatectomy (congestion group). Data from volumetric assessment made before the second stage was compared with that of 10 matched patients (comparison group) that underwent a single-stage right hepatectomy with middle hepatic vein preservation., Results: The two stages of the procedure were successfully carried out on all 5 patients. For the congestion group, the overall volume of the left hemiliver had increased 103% (mean increase from 438 mL to 890 mL) at 4 wk after the first stage of the procedure. Hypertrophy of the future liver remnant ( i.e ., segment 4 ± S1) was higher than that of segments 2 and 3 (144% vs 54%, respectively, P < 0.05). The median remnant liver volume-to-body weight ratio was 0.3 (range, 0.28-0.40) before the first stage and 0.8 (range, 0.45-0.97) before the second stage. For the comparison group, the rate of hypertrophy of the left liver after right hepatectomy with middle hepatic vein preservation was 116% ± 34%. Hypertrophy rates of segments 2 and 3 (123% ± 47%) and of segment 4 (108% ± 60%, P > 0.05) were proportional. The mean preoperative volume of segments 2 and 3 was 256 ± 64 cc and increased to 572 ± 257 cc after right hepatectomy. Mean preoperative volume of segment 4 increased from 211 ± 75 cc to 439 ± 180 cc after surgery., Conclusion: The proposed method for extreme hepatectomy with preservation of segment 4 only represents a technique that could allow complete resection of multiple bilateral liver metastases., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in relation to this study or its publication.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of homozygous deletion of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and their combinations between patients with breast cancer and healthy individuals, associating them with disease susceptibility., Methods: This is a case-control study in which 49 women diagnosed with breast cancer confirmed by pathological examination and 49 healthy women with no evidence of cancer and no prior family history of breast cancer were invited to participate. All of them answered a questionnaire with epidemiological data and were submitted to blood sample collection. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood, and genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0., Results: The frequency of null alleles for GSTM1 and GSTT1 was 58.8 and 61.7%, respectively, for patients with breast cancer, and 41.2 and 38.3%, respectively, in control patients. In homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 gene, a significantly higher frequency was found in the breast cancer cases., Conclusion: Breast cancer patients presented higher frequency of homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 gene compared with the control group.