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The local market conditions for VET in Germany naturally affect the exportability of these educational products. In the rarest of cases, education and training products are transferable to foreign markets without any adaptation. The existing literature on international VET cooperation focuses on several transfer aspects as well as case studies of active exporters, investigating drivers and challenges of foreign engagement or analysing international business models. The perspective of resources and competences of VET providers going international has not been considered so far, failing to understand the relevancy of specific factors. This study analyses the required resources and capabilities of internationally active VET organizations (exporters) as well as those without any international experience, but intending to internationalize (intenders). Based on a literature review, this study applied four constructs of company resources and six constructs of competences necessary for conducting international business, each containing two to five indicators. Applying a quantitative research approach, data from 43 exporters and 37 intenders were collected to explore the most relevant resources and competences of both groups. Based on a ranking of all factors, a significant difference in terms of relevance perception was detected comparing both groups. Exporters rate relational resources, intercultural competence, physical resources, and product adaption abroad as much more relevant than export intenders do. Intenders, on the other hand, seem to rely heavily on their strengths in the national market and give high priority to organizational resources like quality management and strategy development for opening up international markets. These findings indicate that support programmes fostering the internationalization of VET providers should put more emphasis on the relevant resource and competence development that export intenders need.

Society's growing demand for knowledge transfer from higher education institutions to firms through academics is a notable trend. Nonetheless, the nuances of how business school academics perceive their engagement in knowledge transfer to firms remain inadequately explored. This research endeavors to bridge this knowledge gap by drawing upon interviews conducted with 52 business school academics in Ghana. The synthesized findings derived from the interpretive phenomenological data analysis provide crucial insights grounded in the ability–motivation–opportunity theory framework. Within this framework, "opportunity" describes image‐ and project‐opportunity context drivers, such as media engagement, goodwill, in‐service training students, and projects by international development organizations fostered through relationship‐building and networking. "Motivation" explains the established national, societal, and self‐serving mandates, stimulating institutional‐, society‐, and person‐driven motivations. "Ability" encompasses the capacity of academics to employ both generic and relational mechanisms. The interplay among ability, motivation, and opportunity catalyzes the creation of various knowledge content types linked to specific market contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article aims to identify the role of ICT infrastructure and knowledge creation on innovation outcomes based on the technology innovation system (TIS) framework to stimulate innovation in financial technology (fintech) in Bahrain. Research Design & Methods: This study employed the framework of the technology innovation system (as a subset of the national innovation system (NIS)) as a theoretical framework, with variables that were extracted from four major innovation theories. The study evaluated the fintech innovation sector in several commercial banks and government institutions in the Kingdom of Bahrain using a survey questionnaire. The data were collected from 119 respondents, and analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modelling(PLS-SEM). Findings: The results showed that knowledge creation, ICT infrastructure, and knowledge diffusion impacted innovation outputs through knowledge impact. Moreover, knowledge creation did not affect innovation outputs directly but through knowledge creation. Implications & Recommendations: The study would be invaluable for the financial managers of fintech industries in implementing strategies as well as for the policymakers in integrating financial technology innovations into the financial system. Contribution & Value Added: The study uniquely explains the role of knowledge impact between knowledge creation, ICT infrastructure, knowledge diffusion, and innovation outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to characterize the contribution to sustainable entrepreneurship as a field of knowledge from developing countries, also called the Global South, through the analysis of the literature that has been produced in the last two decades. This research starts from the premise of the dominance of the Global North over academic production on this topic and analyzes the consequences for the Global South. Through VOSViewer software, and Biblioshiny, a web interface of bibliometrix R-package, 1964 articles that were retrieved from the WoS database were analyzed. According to the results, the dominance of the Global North is confirmed, not only by the number of articles (63% vs. 22% of the Global South), but also by the impact on the publications, the publishing systems, and the thematic addressed, among other indicators. Likewise, the low North–South collaboration (15%), and the scarce collaboration networks between Southern countries, were also confirmed. This situation may have affected the formation of a critical mass of Southern researchers to develop their own concepts and address subjects related to sustainable entrepreneurship that are more adjusted to their reality. We did not find significant differences between the Southern and the Northern research themes or the emergence of new concepts from the Global South, despite their different conditions. Finally, a closer look at the thematic trajectory in terms of scholarly production shows a lesser emphasis on sustainability in the Global South than that in the Global North. These findings are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While previous studies have explored multiple constraints affecting women exporters, the effects of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are still unexplored in the literature. Thus, this study aims to probe first whether women owners of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in export markets experience IPVAW. Secondly, it aims to explore the effect of IPVAW on their relationship quality with business partners, mediated by the performance of export capabilities. Using a structured questionnaire applied through personal interviews, we surveyed 57 female owners of exporting MSEs in Peru. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and test the model. The preliminary findings indicate that women exporters who experience IPVAW are more likely to face problems performing export capabilities. In turn, these performance problems seem to affect the quality of their relationships with importers and suppliers. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between IPVAW and problems in performing export capabilities and between issues performing capabilities and the relationship quality. Our theoretical contribution is a conceptual model that proposes the variable "Problems Performing Capabilities" as a mediator to measure the effects of IPVAW on exporting MSEs owned by women. Our findings urge policymakers and trade organizations boosting women-owned export enterprises to include initiatives that address and prevent IPVAW in their export promotion programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Utz Dornberger, Xiuhua Zeng This paper discusses the influence of selected locational factors in the performance of Chinese high-tech startups. The study's sample was composed of 74 high-tech startups located in Shenzhen. Industrial agglomeration, the presence of suppliers and the immigrant culture were the major reasons that attracted these new enterprises to set up their businesses in Shenzhen. The empirical findings show that the proximity to suppliers and customers was essential for the development of the high-tech startups in this area. The correlations between the high-tech ventures' development and the perceived performance of the local institutions, as well as the local business service providers, turned out to be insignificant. The important implications for policymakers are indicated.

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Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine and analyse the framework conditions that influence the entrepreneurial opportunity identification and action in the international market context. Research Design & Methods: Scholars from the International Business and International Entrepreneurship (IE) research fields agree that the process of internationalisation is triggered by opportunity identification. The extant literature is reviewed by assessing the framework conditions that domestic and international markets offer for entrepreneurial actions. An analytical juxtaposition of the influential factors is conducted in the light of various stages of the opportunity identification process by examining - at each stage - possible effects of domes1c and interna1onal market context. Findings: This paper brings into the IE discussion a conceptual matrix of various elements and factors - external condi1ons - which influence the creation of nexus by entrepreneurs to the markets. Implications & Recommendations: The conceptual matrix offers new insights for theoretical development and arguments for designing empirical research in terms of external conditions. It is expected to provoke more theoretical and practical questions from scholars within the IE field. Contribution & Value Added: The originality of this work lies in proposing a comprehensive framework to understand how context interacts with the entrepreneurial opportunity identification process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the cases of Syrian and Bangladesh pharmaceutical industries which are both successful stories of emerging new industries in developing countries. It analyzes how they could emerge in such insufficient environments and how entrepreneurs in Syria and Bangladesh have been able to take the opportunities into their business perspectives. The article also introduces the theoretical questions, assumptions and their discussions relating to the emergence of new industries.

Hardly a sector of economic activity has remained untouched by the trend of inter-firm collaboration, particularly among large enterprises, but it seems to remain uncommon among many SMEs especially in some developing countries. The advantages of the SMEs of being faster and flexible are clouded by the lack of resources and skills to develop businesses in the network. Successful development in some economies, mainly in Asia, has been based on effective linkage participation of SMEs as a strategy to cover the scarcities they face. This strategy is now playing an important role on the agenda in many countries in Latin America, but there is still a lack of information to make this strategy more popular among SMEs in these countries. Traditional literature in developed countries has been focused on large companies to explain what makes an alliance successful, how the relationship alliance partners should be, which structure of the alliance or the type of contract may make or break an alliance but, few researches have explored alliance as a strategy to develop SMEs. The critical role of decision-making process regarding to the choice of being engaging into an alliance deserves particular research attention. This paper is focused on the alliance decision making process with specially emphasis on SMEs. The main contribution is to provide a framework of different factors that have influenced alliance decision making process. Based on Social Capital and Social Exchange, this research concentrates his analysis on a sample of SMEs from Mexico in which both, experienced and inexperienced alliances entrepreneurs, were considered. Our proposal included twelve variables which were analyzed to find their impact on the alliance decision making. The results show that the internal alliance initiative, frequently enterprise diagnose, trust based on partners' prestige and smaller or similar characteristics of potential partners have strong influence on positive alliance decision making. Opposite expected characteristics were found between alliance experienced entrepreneurs and alliance inexperienced entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the solution structure of a five-nucleotide DNA bulge containing five adenines in the unpaired region. Determination of the helical parameters of dA5-bulge; Analysis on the stacking interactions; Identification of the angle between the base planes of nonstacking adenines in the bulge loop; Function of hydrogen bonding.

Characterizes the Mg2+ dependent association of a 23-mer mixed ribo-seoxyribonucleotide and a 7-mer oligoribonucleotide that models the triple-helical domain of a self-splicing group I intron, with focus on biochemistry. Method used in the characterization process; Detailed information on the results.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase structure and organization in the membrane has been studied by infrared spectroscopy by decomposition of the amide I band. Besides the component bands assignable to secondary structure elements such as α-helix, β-sheet, etc..., two unusual bands, one at 1,645 cm −1 in H2O buffer and the other at 1,625 cm−1 in D2O buffer are present. By perturbing the protein using temperature and limited proteolysis, the band at 1,645 cm−1 is tentatively assigned to α-helical segments located in the cytoplasmic domain and coupled to β-sheet structure, whereas the band at 1,625 cm−1 arises probably from monomer-monomer contacts in the native oligomeric protein. The secondary structure obtained is 33% α-helical segments in the transmembrane plus stalk domain; 20% α-helix and 22% β-sheet in the cytoplasmic domain plus 19% turns and 6% unordered structure. Thermal unfolding of Ca2+-ATPase is a complex process that cannot be described as a two-state denaturation. The results obtained are compatible with the idea that the protein is an oligomer at room temperature. The loss of the 1,625 cm −1 band upon heating would be consistent with a disruption of the oligomers in a process that later gives rise to aggregates (appearance of the 1,618 cm −1 band). This picture would also be compatible with early results suggesting that processes governing Ca2+ accumulation and ATPase activity are uncoupled at temperatures above 37 °C, so that while ATPase activity proceeds at high rates, Ca2+ accumulation is inhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]