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1. The Iliad digital twins of the ocean: opportunities for citizen science

Author

Stephen Parkinson, Luigi Ceccaroni, Dori Edelist, Emily Robertson, Roxana Horincar, Claire Laudy, Todor Ganchev, Valentina Markova, Jay Pearlman, Pauline Simpson, Valentijn Venus, Patience Muchada, Garabet Kazanjian, Bente Lilja Bye, Marco Oliveira, Hugo Paredes, James Sprinks, Anna Witter, Bianca Cruz, Kaushiki Das, and Sasha Marie Woods

Subjects
digital twin, citizen science, ocean, onteroperabi, Science
Abstract

In recent years, there has been growing interest in digital twins (or virtual representations) of the environment. Programs in the European Union and the UN are investing in digital twins, particularly those of the ocean (DTOs). While citizen science has been mentioned as a potential data source for digital twins, the full potential of citizen science in this context has yet to be fully realised. The Iliad project (https://ocean-twin.eu), funded by the European Commission, is developing a comprehensive set of digital twins of the oceans which are interoperable, data-intensive, and cost-effective. The project (2022–2025) brings together over 50 partners to demonstrate the technologies and methodologies required to develop DTOs. Citizen science and engagement play a pivotal role in the project, with the following goals: (a) exploring the potential for citizen science to contribute to digital twins of the oceans; (b) demonstrating how citizen scientists (and society more broadly) can benefit from digital twins. The Iliad team is currently working on over 20 separate digital twins of the oceans that fall into two primary categories: (i) environmental and ecological digital twins; (ii) engineering and industrial digital twins. Using the Iliad DTOs as case studies, lessons learned for citizen science are presented from the development of each digital twin.

Published
2024
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2. Unpublished Mediterranean and Black Sea records of marine alien, cryptogenic, and neonative species

Author

Michail, Ragkousis, Argyro, Zenetos, Jamila Ben Souissi, Razy, Hoffman, Raouia, Ghanem, Ergün, Taşkın, Mihaela, Muresan, Evgeniia, Karpova, Elena, Slynko, Ertan, Dağlı, Ana, Fortič, Victor, Surugiu, Vesna, Mačić, Domen, Trkov, Wafa Rjiba Bahri, Konstantinos, Tsiamis, Ramos-Espla, Alfonso A., Slavica, Petović, Jasmine, Ferrario, Agnese, Marchini, Renato, Sconfietti, Izdihar, Ammar, Alaa, Alo, Dori, Edelist, Tatiana, Begun, Adrian, Teaca, Gokhan, Tari, Mehmet Fatih Huseyinoglu, Karachle, Paraskevi K., Aikaterini, Dogrammatzi, Apostolopoulos, Giorgos A., Fabio, Crocetta, Eleni, Kytinou, Markos, Digenis, Grigorios, Skouradakis, Fiona, Tomas, Michel, Bariche, Alexandros, Kaminas, Kassiani, Konida, Alan, Deidun, Alessio, Marrone, Simonetta, Fraschetti, Vesselina, Mihneva, Carlo Nike Bianchi, Carla, Morri, Vasilis, Gerovasileiou, Lovrenc, Lipej, Maria, Sini, Luisa, Mangialajo, Maria, Zotou, Marius, Skolka, Ernesto, Azzurro, Adriana, Vella, Thanos, Dailianis, Panos, Grigoriou, Carlos, Jimenez, Konstantinos, Tsirintanis, Georgios, Oikonomidis, Emanuele, Mancini, Orestis, Papadakis, Vincenzo Di Martino, Giorgos, Chatzigeorgiou, Mohamed Mourad Ben Amor, Emmanouela, Vernadou, Yaprak, Arda, Vasileios, Minasidis, Annalisa, Azzola, Louis, Hadjioannou, Monica, Montefalcone, Yacopo, Baldacchino, Bessy, Stancanelli, Andrea, Bonifazi, Anna, Occhipinti-Ambrogi, Sonia, Smeraldo, Julian, Evans, Gerasimos, Kondylatos, Manuela, Falautano, Luca, Castriota, Aggelos, Lamprou, Jamila, Rizgalla, Borut, Mavrič, Evangelos, Papadimitriou, Kersting, Diego K., Schembri, Patrick J., Faten, Khamassi, Athanasios, Nikolaou, Enric, Ballesteros, Charalampos, Dimitriadis, María, García, Athanasios, Anastasiadis, Stefanos, Kalogirou, Melina, Nalmpanti, María, Altamirano, Daniele, Grech, Dimitrios, Mavrouleas, Noel, Vella, Sandra Agius Darmanin, Branko, Dragičević, Dimitris, Poursanidis, Alexandros, Tsatiris, Maria, Corsini-Foka, Martina, Orlando-Bonaca, Gianni, Insacco, Alexandros, Tsalapatis, Danilo, Scannella, Tiralongo, Francesco, Jana, Verdura, Sergio, Vitale, Michail-Aggelos, Valsamidis, Hocein, Bazairi, Anna Maria Mannino, Riccardo, Virgili, Fabio Collepardo Coccia, Radhouan El Zrelli, Savvas, Nikolidakis, Lotfi Jilani Rabaoui, Sercan, Yapıcı, Jeanne, Zaoual, Bruno, Zava, Neophytos, Agrotis, Murat, Bilecenoglu, Melih Ertan Çinar, Moraitis, Manos L., Albano, Paolo G., Nassir, Kaddouri, Ioanna, Kosma, Fabio, Falsone, Valentina, Fossati, Michele Luca Geraci, Leon Lojze Zamuda, Francesco Paolo Mancuso, Antonis, Petrou, Vasilis, Resaikos, İlker, Aydın, Batjakas, Ioannis E., Bos, Arthur R., Najib El Ouamari, Giovanni, Giallongo, Kampouris, Thodoros E., Khadija Ounifi-Ben Amor, Alper, Doğan, Jakov, Dulčić, Emine Şükran Okudan, Gil, Rilov, Rosso, Maria Antonietta, Laura, Royo, Mohamed, Selfati, Martina, Gaglioti, Sylvaine, Giakoumi, Vasiliki, Kousteni, Dragoș, Micu, Mircea, Nicoară, Sotiris, Orfanidis, Magdalene, Papatheodoulou, Jonathan, Tempesti, Maria, Triantaphyllou, Theodora, Tsourou, Ferhat, Yalgın, Emanuel, Baltag, Hasan, Cerim, Halit, Filiz, Georgiadis, Constantinos G., Paschalis, Papadamakis, Dimitra Lida Rammou, Manuela Diana Samargiu, Sciuto, Francesco, Mauro, Sinopoli, Ali, Türker, Antonia, Chiarore, Laura, Tamburello, Sahar, Karray, and Bilel Hassen and Stelios Katsanevakis

Subjects
invasive alien species, Ecology, geo-referenced records, Black Sea, distribution, Mediterranean Sea, non-indigenous, non-native species, non-indigenous, distribution, invasive alien species, geo-referenced records, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, non-native species, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

To enrich spatio-temporal information on the distribution of alien, cryptogenic, and neonative species in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, a collective effort by 173 marine scientists was made to provide unpublished records and make them open access to the scientific community. Through this effort, we collected and harmonized a dataset of 12, 649 records. It includes 247 taxa, of which 217 are Animalia, 25 Plantae and 5 Chromista, from 23 countries surrounding the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Chordata was the most abundant taxonomic group, followed by Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Annelida. In terms of species records, Siganus luridus, Siganus rivulatus, Saurida lessepsianus, Pterois miles, Upeneus moluccensis, Charybdis (Archias) longicollis, and Caulerpa cylindracea were the most numerous. The temporal distribution of the records ranges from 1973 to 2022, with 44% of the records in 2020–2021. Lethrinus borbonicus is reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, while Pomatoschistus quagga, Caulerpa cylindracea, Grateloupia turuturu, and Misophria pallida are first records for the Black Sea ; Kapraunia schneideri is recorded for the second time in the Mediterranean and for the first time in Israel ; Prionospio depauperata and Pseudonereis anomala are reported for the first time from the Sea of Marmara. Many first country records are also included, namely: Amathia verticillata (Montenegro), Ampithoe valida (Italy), Antithamnion amphigeneum (Greece), Clavelina oblonga (Tunisia and Slovenia), Dendostrea cf. folium (Syria), Epinephelus fasciatus (Tunisia), Ganonema farinosum (Montenegro), Macrorhynchia philippina (Tunisia), Marenzelleria neglecta (Romania), Paratapes textilis (Tunisia), and Botrylloides diegensis (Tunisia).

Published
2023

3. The crowded sea: incorporating multiple marine activities in conservation plans can significantly alter spatial priorities.

Author

Tessa Mazor, Hugh P Possingham, Dori Edelist, Eran Brokovich, and Salit Kark

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Successful implementation of marine conservation plans is largely inhibited by inadequate consideration of the broader social and economic context within which conservation operates. Marine waters and their biodiversity are shared by a host of stakeholders, such as commercial fishers, recreational users and offshore developers. Hence, to improve implementation success of conservation plans, we must incorporate other marine activities while explicitly examining trade-offs that may be required. In this study, we test how the inclusion of multiple marine activities can shape conservation plans. We used the entire Mediterranean territorial waters of Israel as a case study to compare four planning scenarios with increasing levels of complexity, where additional zones, threats and activities were added (e.g., commercial fisheries, hydrocarbon exploration interests, aquaculture, and shipping lanes). We applied the marine zoning decision support tool Marxan to each planning scenario and tested a) the ability of each scenario to reach biodiversity targets, b) the change in opportunity cost and c) the alteration of spatial conservation priorities. We found that by including increasing numbers of marine activities and zones in the planning process, greater compromises are required to reach conservation objectives. Complex plans with more activities incurred greater opportunity cost and did not reach biodiversity targets as easily as simplified plans with less marine activities. We discovered that including hydrocarbon data in the planning process significantly alters spatial priorities. For the territorial waters of Israel we found that in order to protect at least 10% of the range of 166 marine biodiversity features there would be a loss of ∼15% of annual commercial fishery revenue and ∼5% of prospective hydrocarbon revenue. This case study follows an illustrated framework for adopting a transparent systematic process to balance biodiversity goals and economic considerations within a country's territorial waters.

Published
2014
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4. Are we ready to track climate-driven shifts in marine species across international boundaries? - A global survey of scientific bottom trawl data

Author

Marcos Llope, Evangelos Tzanatos, Vladimir Kulik, Laurene Pecuchet, Renato Guevara-Carrasco, Didier Jouffre, Helle Torp Christensen, Arnaud Auber, Itai van Rijn, Hicham Masski, Tarek Hattab, Jonathan Belmaker, Manuel Hidalgo, Matthew McLean, Jacqueline Palacios León, Esther Román-Marcote, Helle Siegstad, Richard J. Bell, Nancy L. Shackell, Tracey P. Fairweather, Sean C. Anderson, Luis A. Cubillos, Ian Knuckey, Richard L. O'Driscoll, Margrete Emblemsvåg, Mariano Koen-Alonso, Henrik Gislason, Oren Sonin, Heino O. Fock, Jorge E. Ramos, Cecilia A. O'Leary, Jérôme Guitton, Matt Koopman, Paul A.M. van Zwieten, Bastien Mérigot, Francis K. E. Nunoo, Ingrid Spies, Kevin D. Friedland, Mohamed Lamine Camara, Johannes N. Kathena, Beyah Meissa, Fabrice Stephenson, Ya’arit Levitt-Barmats, Romain Frelat, Aurore Maureaud, Menachem Goren, Alexander Arkhipkin, Laurène Mérillet, Hamet Diaw Diadhiou, James T. Thorson, Daniela V. Yepsen, Malin L. Pinsky, Wahid Refes, Kofi Amador, Iça Barri, Vesselina Mihneva, G. Tserpes, Didier Gascuel, Elitsa Petrova, Saïkou Oumar Kidé, Esther Beukhof, Billy Ernst, Camilo B. García, Feriha Tserkova, Martin Lindegren, Paraskevas Vasilakopoulos, Petur Steingrund, Jón Sólmundsson, Félix Massiot-Granier, Philippe Ziegler, Nir Stern, Ignacio Sobrino, Jason Conner, Junghwa Choi, Dori Edelist, DTU Centre for Ocean Life, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Directorate of Natural Resources - Fisheries of the Falkland Islands Government, Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Thünen Institute, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Institut Mauritanien de Recherches Océanographiques et des Pêches (IMROP), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Unité de recherche Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH), University of Ghana, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral (ESSMAL), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Global data synthesis, Species distribution, global data synthesis, 01 natural sciences, transboundary conservation, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Surveys and Questionnaires, open science, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate change, Artssammensetning / Species composition, Pesquerías, boundaries, Demersal fish, catch, General Environmental Science, biodiversity, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Aquacultuur en Visserij, Environmental resource management, Fishes, conservation, Sampling (statistics), bottom trawl survey, transboundary, Geography, climate change, data, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497, Fisheries policy, Open science, Bunnfisk / Demersal fish, Bottom trawl survey, management, Opinion, Stock assessment, sea, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Sede Central IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, 010603 evolutionary biology, range shifts, international boundaries, fisheries policy, demersal fish, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Transboundary conservation, impacts, climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, fish, ecosystem, long-term, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord, Global warming, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, fisheries, Sustainability, Seascapes, WIAS, responses, Survey data collection, species distribution, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Business Manager projects Mid-North
Abstract

Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys. In total, we gathered metadata for 283,925 samples from 95 surveys conducted regularly from 2001 to 2019. We identified that 59% of the metadata collected are not publicly available, highlighting that the availability of data is the most important challenge to assess species redistributions under global climate change. Given that the primary purpose of surveys is to provide independent data to inform stock assessment of commercially important populations, we further highlight that single surveys do not cover the full range of the main commercial demersal fish species. An average of 18 surveys is needed to cover at least 50% of species ranges, demonstrating the importance of combining multiple surveys to evaluate species range shifts. We assess the potential for combining surveys to track transboundary species redistributions and show that differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling can be overcome with spatio‐temporal modeling to follow species density redistributions. In light of our global assessment, we establish a framework for improving the management and conservation of transboundary and migrating marine demersal species. We provide directions to improve data availability and encourage countries to share survey data, to assess species vulnerabilities, and to support management adaptation in a time of climate‐driven ocean changes., While many species are changing their spatial distributions rapidly with climate change, the global capacity to track these changes and then adapt management and policy has been limited. To build this capacity for demersal fishes, we compiled the largest worldwide collection of bottom trawl survey metadata and demonstrate how surveys can be combined to follow species across national and survey boundaries. Open data and transparent scientific assessment can be a key step towards improved management of redistributing transboundary species and stocks.

Published
2021
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