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The properties of nanomaterials make them promising and advantageous for use in drug delivery systems, but challenges arise from the immune system's recognition of exogenous nanoparticles, leading to their clearance and reduced targeting efficiency. Drawing inspiration from nature, this paper explores biomimetic strategies to transform recognizable nanomaterials into a "camouflaged state." The focal point of this paper is the exploration of bionic nanoparticles, with a focus on cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. These biomimetic structures, particularly those mimicking red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and cancer cells, demonstrate enhanced drug delivery efficiency and prolonged circulation. This article underscores the versatility of these biomimetic structures across diverse diseases and explores the use of hybrid cell membrane-coated nanoparticles as a contemporary trend. This review also investigated exosomes and protein bionic nanoparticles, emphasizing their potential for specific targeting, immune evasion, and improved therapeutic outcomes. We expect that this continued development based on biomimetic nanomaterials will contribute to the efficiency and safety of disease treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Settlement prediction based on monitoring data holds significant importance for engineering maintenance of seawalls. In practical engineering, the volume of the collected monitoring data is often limited due to the restrictions of devices and engineering budgets. Previous studies have applied the fractional-order grey model to time series prediction under the situation of limited data volume. However, the performance of the fractional-order grey model is easily affected by the inappropriate settings of fractional order. Also, the model cannot make dynamic predictions due to the characteristic of fixed step size. To solve the above problems, in this paper, the genetic algorithm with enhanced search capabilities was employed to solve the premature convergence problem. Additionally, to solve the problem of the fractional-order grey model associated with fixed step size, the real-time tracing algorithm was introduced to conduct equal-dimensionally recursive calculation. The proposed model was validated using monitoring data of four monitoring points at Haiyan seawall in Zhejiang province, China. The prediction performance of the proposed model was then compared with those of the fractional-order GM(1,1), integer-order GM(1,1), and fractal theory model. Results indicate that the proposed model significantly improves the prediction performance compared to other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu2O doped with atomically dispersed Rh (Rh:Cu2O) is synthesized with a wet chemical method. It shows higher activity and faradaic efficiency at lower overpotential for reduction of CO2 to C2+ products, especially C2H4, than pristine Cu2O. We found that introducing Rh promotes CO2 adsorption, *CO hydrogenation to *CHO and their coupling to O*CCHO intermediates, which contributes to enhanced catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Esthetic procedures are currently among the most effective options for consumers seeking to correct aging signs such as fine lines, wrinkles, and skin tone unevenness. Currently, there is a scientific need for an adjunct active to be paired with esthetic procedures to encourage wound recovery and address postprocedure pigmentation concerns. Objective: Toward that goal, this study assessed the efficacy of a peptide created from a multi‐component reaction (multi‐component peptide, MCP) as a model active for postprocedure care and evaluated its ability to promote skin healing in an ablative laser‐induced wound model on the forearm. Methods: The mechanism of action of MCP was investigated using tubo assays, 2D melanocyte, and fibroblast cultures, reconstructed skin equivalents, and ex vivo skin explants. The MCP formula and the clinical benchmark formula of Aquaphor were assessed head‐to‐head by applying the products topically in an ablative laser‐induced wound model (n = 20 subjects). The promotion of wound healing was evaluated by the investigator assessment of epithelial confluence, crusting or scabbing, general wound appearance, erythema, and edema. Results: MCP was determined to be beneficial to postprocedure skin recovery and healing by four main mechanisms of action: barrier repair as determined in an ex vivo tape‐stripping model, reduction of inflammation and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, reduction of elastase activity, and stimulation of fibroblast through the mTOR pathway. The formula containing 10% MCP enhanced the kinetics of epithelial confluence and improvement of the crusting or scabbing appearance of the laser‐generated wounds in a laser‐induced mini‐zone wound healing study on the forearm. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the use of MCP as a proof of concept regenerative active that when incorporated into an optimized postprocedure skincare formula can improve skin healing and enhance the appearance of skin after injury with relevance to ablative aesthetic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser ablation of bio‐tissues is the key technology of future surgeries, owing to the merits of submicron accuracy, non‐contact operation, and precision control assisted by automation and computer intelligence. Excellent efficiency, minimal collateral damage, biological safety, and tissue selectivity are the ideal parameters for delicate surgical applications. Here, by exploring the mid‐infrared (MIR) resonant ablation and the femtosecond cold processing, tissue ablation with multi‐millimeter depth and cellular collateral damage, enabled by a tabletop femtosecond MIR optical parametric amplifier operating at the amide‐I resonant wavelength of 6.1 µm, is demonstrated. Remarkably, the collateral damage is observed to be 15, <4, and <1 µm in the porcine cornea, sclera, and articular cartilage, respectively, with multi‐millimeter incision depth. In addition, preliminary proof‐of‐concept experiments of tissue‐selective ablation, microchannels on cartilage for drug delivery, laser glaucoma, keratotomy, neurologic tissue incision, dentin deep crater formation, and hypertrophic scarring ablation are demonstrated, which pave the way for high‐precision surgical applications with a tabletop solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine tailoring of the subtle movements of a hydrogel actuator through simple methods has widespread application prospects in wearable electronics, bionic robots and biomedical engineering. However, to the best of our knowledge, this challenge is not yet completed. Inspired by the diffusion-reaction process in nature, a hydrogel gripper with the capability of fine movement was successfully prepared based on the spatiotemporal fabrication of the polypyrrole (PPY) pattern in a poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel. The hydrogel was given gradient porous structures using a one-step UV irradiation method. Moreover, photothermal PPY patterns on the hydrogel were obtained through spatiotemporal mineralization of ferric hydroxide followed by the polymerization of pyrrole in a controllable manner. Taking advantage of the unique structures, the hydrogel gripper can not only achieve reversible grasping–releasing of substrates with the tuning of temperature (similar to that of hands), but also generate delicate movement under the irradiation of light (resembling that of finger joints). The strategy reported here is easily accessible and there is no need for sophisticated templates, therefore making it superior to other existing methods. We believe this work will provide references for the design and application of more advanced soft actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study describes the development and characterization of a novel in vitro wound‐healing model based on a full‐thickness reconstructed skin by exposing the tissue to fractional ablative laser treatment. Method: A 3D full‐thickness skin model was fabricated and treated with fractional ablative CO2 laser. Wound‐healing process was characterized by HE staining, noninvasive OCT imaging, immunostaining, as well as transepidermal water loss measurement. Cytokines and proteins involved in the inflammatory and dermal remodeling process were studied by ELISA and protein array assays. Results: Fractional ablative CO2 treatment induced a wound zone of 9 mm in diameter, containing 56 micro‐wounds with 200 μm diameter and 500–700 μm in depth on reconstructed full‐thickness skin model. HE staining revealed a typical wound morphology and healing process with migration of keratinocytes, formation and extrusion of necrotic tissue, and cell inclusion in dermis, which correlates with clinical observations. Based on OCT and TEWL measurements, the re‐epithelialization took place over 2 days. Laser‐triggered keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation were demonstrated by activated Ki67 and Filaggrin expression respectively. Injury‐invoked cytokine ICAM‐1 showed instant upregulation on Day 1. Decreased epidermis thickness and depression of IGFBP‐2 protein level synergistically indicated the unavoidable thermal side effects from laser treatment. Downregulated DKK‐1 protein level and upregulation of α‐SMA together implicated the risk of potential fibrosis post‐laser treatment. Conclusion: This in vitro laser wounded reconstructed skin model captured the key events of wound‐healing process, could be used to investigate the mechanisms of wound‐healing triggered by a commonly used beauty procedure, and also provides a valuable tool for evaluating the efficacy of novel actives for the post‐procedure application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) is an important energy carrier and charge transfer mediator in organisms. The efficient and regioselective reduction of NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H is of significance in biocatalysis, nature and artificial photosynthesis, but remains challenging with artificial heterogeneous catalysts. Inspired by nature oxidoreductases where active centers are transition metal sulfide clusters, here we report that CoMo2.75Sx is efficient for the regiospecific electrocatalytic reduction of NAD+ to NADH, achieving a selectivity as high as 89 % for 1,4‐NADH. It is found that the adsorbed hydrogen and hydride formed on electrode surface are crucial for the selective formation of 1,4‐NADH. Based on isotopic effect, the C−H bond formation process by hydride transfer to NAD+ is inferred to be the rate‐determining step for NADH formation, which mimics enzyme catalyzed NADP+ reduction process in nature photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone implant‐associated infections induced by bacteria frequently result in repair failure and threaten the health of patients. Although black phosphorus (BP) material with superior photothermal conversion ability is booming in the treatment of bone disease, the development of BP‐based bone scaffolds with excellent photothermal stability and antibacterial properties simultaneously remains a challenge. In nature, chloroplasts cannot only convert light into chemical energy, but also hold a protective and defensive envelope membrane. Inspired by this, a self‐defensive bone scaffold with stable photothermal property is developed for infected bone defect therapy. Similar to thylakoid and stroma lamella in chloroplasts, BP is integrated with chitosan and polycaprolactone fiber networks. The mussel‐inspired polydopamine multifunctional "envelope membrane" wrapped above not only strengthens the photothermal stability of BP‐based scaffolds, but also realizes the in situ anchoring of silver nanoparticles. Bacteria‐triggered infection of femur defects in vivo can be commendably inhibited at the early stage via these chloroplast‐inspired implants, which then effectively promotes endogenous repair of the defect area under mild hyperthermia induced by near‐infrared irradiation. This chloroplast‐inspired strategy shows outstanding performance for infected bone defect therapy and provides a reference for the functionality of other biomedical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facilitated endogenous tissue engineering, as a facile and effective strategy, is emerging for use in bone tissue regeneration. However, the development of bioactive scaffolds with excellent osteo-inductivity to recruit endogenous stem cells homing and differentiation towards lesion areas remains an urgent problem. Chitosan (CS), with versatile qualities including good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable physicochemical and biological properties is undergoing vigorously development in the field of bone repair. Based on this, the review focus on recent advances in chitosan-based scaffolds for facilitated endogenous bone regeneration. Initially, we introduced and compared the facilitated endogenous tissue engineering with traditional tissue engineering. Subsequently, the various CS-based bone repair scaffolds and their fabrication methods were briefly explored. Furthermore, the functional design of CS-based scaffolds in bone endogenous regeneration including biomolecular loading, inorganic nanomaterials hybridization, and physical stimulation was highlighted and discussed. Finally, the major challenges and further research directions of CS-based scaffolds were also elaborated. We hope that this review will provide valuable reference for further bone repair research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic iron oxides, as the typical photothermal materials, possess the advantages of low cost, easy preparation, and biocompatibility, which impart great expectations in broad application prospects. However, the limited photothermal efficiency of iron oxides restricts their further use. Inspired by magnetotactic bacteria, a liquid film‐confined strategy has been developed assisted by a magnetic field for mineralization and assembly of iron oxides on the surface at room temperature. Virus‐like hierarchically micro/nanostructured iron oxides can be obtained on universal substrates which exhibit excellent photothermal performance, the highest among all iron oxide coatings and even comparable with carbon‐based materials. Theoretical simulation demonstrates the promotion of light capture by these particular structures. Moreover, by virtue of this, the surface is endowed with superhydrophobicity by a simple modification to construct a photothermal superhydrophobic platform, which is demonstrated by two challenging scenarios: high‐efficient antibacterial activity and defrosting/deicing ability controlled remotely. There is no need for harsh experimental conditions and templates, the strategy reported here is mild, environmental‐friendly and adopts trace amount of liquid (55 µL cm−2), which can provide a reference for the fabrication and application of other photothermal materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]