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Aim: To compare the acute effects of two resistance exercise sessions with different partial blood flow restrictions (BFR) on hemodynamic parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation in older women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Thirty-nine older women (64.4 ± 4.5 years) were allocated into three groups: BFR0 = resistance exercise (20%, 1 maximum repetition [MR]) + 0% BFR; BFR60 = 20% 1 MR resistance exercise + 60% BFR; and BFR80 = 20% 1MR resistance exercise + 80% BFR. Results: A reduction of 14 mmHg (BFR60 group) and 13 mmHg (BRF80 group) was observed 48 hr after the first exercise session, while vagal modulation was increased in the BRF60 group after 24 and 48 hr. Conclusion: A low-intensity resistance exercise session with 60% and 80% of BFR resulted in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean) reduction and positive changes on heart rate variability after 24 h of a RE session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescents with sedentary behavior, spending many hours in front of the television and electronic devices, develop early involvement of cardiovascular disease and obesity. These sedentary behaviors increased significantly in this age group during the pandemic of 2020/2021. Sleep directly influences aspects of health, such as blood pressure and cardiac autonomic balance and exercise has a protective effect on these same physiological parameters. Objective: This study aimed to examine whether or not physically active adolescents positively influence HRV and cardiovascular parameters despite poor sleep quality. Methods: This is an analytic and transversal study. Sleep quality, physical activity levels, blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. Two-way ANOVA and Tuckey post hoc test evaluated the difference between groups. Results: Among 352 adolescents entrolled, mean age was 15.8 ± 0.24 years. It was observed that compared to the physically active group with poor sleep quality, the sedentary poor sleep quality group presented a more significant deficit in blood pressure and autonomic parameters such as pNN50, SD1, and HF. Conclusion: Adolescents who practiced physical activity regularly have shown better HRV and sleep quality compared with sedentary adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac channelopathies are a heterogeneous group of inherited cardiac diseases that are associated with mutations in the genes that encode the expression of cardiac ion channels. In view of this, it can be mentioned that the main hereditary arrhythmias in children and adolescents, caused by dysfunction of the ion channels, are Brugada Syndrome (BrS) and Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). However, few studies address the physiological effects of these conditions on children and adolescents. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the mutation phenotype related to voltage‐gated sodium channels in children and adolescents. A search was performed in the literature of PubMed, Scielo, and Google scholar. The search was limited to articles written in the last 5 years, so articles published between 2014 and 2019 were included. Among 2196 studies identified through a systematic literature review, 30 studies related to the theme were identified for a complete review and after applying exclusion criteria, 4 articles were included in the results of this study. As the most frequently observed channelopathy, BrS was also more identified in children and adolescents, characterized by episodes of syncope or sudden cardiac death. LQTS shows clinical manifestations with a mild phenotype and good prognosis, although it is necessary to monitor and correct serum electrolyte disturbances to prevent ventricular arrhythmias and, consequently, sudden death in patients with the pathology. The aim of this study is to find the general phenotypes related to genetic mutations of voltage‐gated sodium channels, in a population aged from 7‐ to 14‐year‐old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the behaviour of cardiac autonomic modulation in adolescents with a family history of hypertension along with polymorphism of the ACE gene (rs1799752). The study involved 141 adolescents, with a mean age of 14.89, divided into the following six groups: offspring of normotensive parents (ONP): DD, DI and II; and offspring of hypertensive parents (OHP): DD, DI and II. Blood pressure, body composition, family history of hypertension, sleep disorder, and sexual maturation were assessed for the groups' characterization. Afterwards, an electrocardiogram was performed, and oral mucosal cells were collected to analyze heart rate variability and genotypic research of angiotensin‐converting enzyme. The main finding of this study was the decrease of vagal action in group OHP (genotype DD) relative to group ONP (genotype II): LF (%), 54.25 ± 3.14 vs 39.33 ± 3.80; HF (%), 45.74 ± 3.14 vs 60.66 ± 3.80; LF/HF, 1.48 ± 0.23 vs 0.68 ± 0.19. The results also showed changes in the variable diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in OHP (genotype DI) to ONP (genotype II) groups: 72.99 ± 2.33 vs 63.27 ± 1.72; and OHP (genotype DI) to ONP (genotype DD) groups. Adolescents with genotype DD and a family history of arterial hypertension present chances in cardiac autonomic modulation, the cardiac parasympathetic modulation is lower in these adolescents in comparison to participants of ONP + II group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the cardiac autonomic nervous system in adolescents with family history of hypertension at different levels of physical activity. The sample was composed for 162 adolescents who were divided into 2 groups: (a) offspring of normotensive; and (b) offspring of hypertensive that were subdivided into low and high levels of physical activity. The subjects underwent the following evaluations: anthropometric, level of physical activity, sexual maturation, sleep quality index, blood pressure, and heart rate variability. Significant differences (P<0.05) was observed at RMSSD, PNN50, Total Variance, HF, and LF. The findings indicate the practice of physical activity has a protector function on the cardiovascular system, which was linked to the decrease in sympathetic modulation along with a greater vagal response in adolescents with normotensive or hypertensive parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate body composition and nutritional status in 576 adolescents living in rural (RUR) and urban (URB) areas. The subjects were submitted to body composition and nutritional status assessments using the AnthroPlus software. Z-stature and Z-BMI calculations were performed. A multivariate logistic regression was also conducted and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to verify the predictive capacity of the applied model. Statistical significance was set at an alpha level of P<0.05. The RUR adolescents showed significantly lower values of weight and height for age, while the adolescents of the URB demonstrated normality in these indices. In addition, adolescents in the RUR showed a risk of up to 6.29 times for short stature and 2.85 times for low weight, while adolescents of the URB presented a risk of 4.13 times for obesity. The RUR adolescents are at a high nutritional risk, while the URB adolescents are at a high risk for obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the cardiac autonomic modulation after 3 months of exercise in 10 elderly women with low level cognitive function. The subjects were evaluated before and after the 18 wks of physical exercise. The anthropometric and clinical variables showed a significant difference in the body fat (P=0.030), heart rate (P=0.032), and double product (P=0.013). Regarding the variable cognition can be seen that the elderly showed low level cognitive function both pre-exercise and post-exercise. Physical exercise improved the subjects' cardiac autonomic modulation with an increase in the parasympathetic nervous system and a decrease in the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, heart rate was decreased along with double product and body fat. Also, functional capacity was increased in the elderly women with low cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to analyze the effect of an exercise training program in autonomic modulation, and exercise tolerance of hemodialysis and kidney-transplanted patients. 4 groups of exercised and non-exercised patients undergoing hemodialysis and kidney-transplanted subjects had their biochemical tests, and heart rate variability evaluations analyzed. Also, sleep quality, anxiety and depression questionnaires were evaluated. Both exercised groups showed improvements in cardiovascular autonomic modulation, biochemical markers, and exercise tolerance after the exercise training program. The exercised kidney-transplanted patients group showed better improvements in cardiovascular autonomic modulation, biochemical markers, and exercise tolerance when compared to the exercised hemodialysis patients group. Both groups showed improvements in sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. The group of kidney-transplanted patients show better results in the cardiovascular autonomic modulation than subjects undergoing hemodialysis. However, the patients undergoing hemodialysis showed improvements in blood pressure, HDL, hemoglobin and phosphorus, changes not observed in the kidney-transplanted group. Exercise is beneficial for both hemodialysis and kidney-transplanted patients groups. However, exercise programs should be focused mainly in improving cardiovascular risk factors in the HD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a severe and progressive disease of pulmonary arterioles. This pathology is characterized by elevation of the pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right heart failure and death. Studies have demonstrated that resveratrol possesses a protective effect on the mechanisms related to the genesis of the PAH-induced by different models., Objective: This study aimed to investigate the dose-related effects of resveratrol in different models of pulmonary arterial hypertension., Methods: To identify eligible papers, we performed a systematic literature search on Scielo, Pub- Med, and Scholar Google. The research was limited to articles written in English in the last 10 years. We used the following descriptors to search: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Resveratrol, OR Resveratrol, and Animal models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, OR Resveratrol, and in vitro models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension., Results: 1724 studies were identified through the descriptors used, fifty-five studies with different models of pulmonary arterial hypertension were selected for the full review, forty-four were excluded after application of exclusion and inclusion criteria, totalizing eleven studies included in this systematic review., Conclusion: The results showed that resveratrol, at low and high doses, protects in a dosedependent manner against the development of PAH induced through monocrotaline, normoxia and hypoxia models. In addition to having chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties. In the case of PAH-related myocardial injury, resveratrol protects cells from apoptosis, thus working as an antiapoptotic agent., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)