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3. Enhancing Tree Performance Through Species Mixing: Review of a Quarter-Century of TreeDivNet Experiments Reveals Research Gaps and Practical Insights

Author

Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Dhiedt, Els, Blondeel, Haben, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Chu, Chengjin, Damtew, Abebe, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fagundes, Marina V., Ganade, Gislene, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Godbold, Douglas, Gravel, Dominique, Guillemot, Joannès, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andrew, Hérault, Bruno, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schnabel, Florian, Sousa-Silva, Rita, Weih, Martin, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Verheyen, Kris, and Baeten, Lander

Published
2024
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6. For the sake of resilience and multifunctionality, let's diversify planted forests!

Author

Messier, Christian, Bauhus, Jürgen, Sousa-Silva, Rita, Auge, Harald, Baeten, Lander, Barsoum, Nadia, Bruelheide, Helge, Caldwell, Benjamin, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dhiedt, Els, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ganade, Gislene, Gravel, Dominique, Guillemot, Joannès, Hector, Andrew, Herault, Bruno, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Mereu, Simone, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter B., Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schnabel, Florian, Verheyen, Kris, Weih, Martin, Wollni, Meike, and Zemp, Delphine Clara

Subjects
Reconstitution forestière, forêt mélangée, K11 - Génie forestier, gestion forestière durable, Plantation forestière, services écosystémiques, Résilience des forêts, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Foresterie à objectifs intégrés, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité
Abstract

As of 2020, the world has an estimated 290 million ha of planted forests and this number is continuously increasing. Of these, 131 million ha are monospecific planted forests under intensive management. Although monospecific planted forests are important in providing timber, they harbor less biodiversity and are potentially more susceptible to disturbances than natural or diverse planted forests. Here, we point out the increasing scientific evidence for increased resilience and ecosystem service provision of functionally and species diverse planted forests (hereafter referred to as diverse planted forests) compared to monospecific ones. Furthermore, we propose five concrete steps to foster the adoption of diverse planted forests: (1) improve awareness of benefits and practical options of diverse planted forests among land-owners, managers, and investors; (2) incentivize tree species diversity in public funding of afforestation and programs to diversify current maladapted planted forests of low diversity; (3) develop new wood-based products that can be derived from many different tree species not yet in use; (4) invest in research to assess landscape benefits of diverse planted forests for functional connectivity and resilience to global-change threats; and (5) improve the evidence base on diverse planted forests, in particular in currently under-represented regions, where new options could be tested.

Published
2022

7. For the sake of resilience and multifunctionality, let's diversify planted forests!

Author

Messier, Christian, Bauhus, Jürgen, Sousa‐Silva, Rita, Auge, Harald, Baeten, Lander, Barsoum, Nadia, Bruelheide, Helge, Caldwell, Benjamin, Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine, Dhiedt, Els, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ganade, Gislene, Gravel, Dominique, Guillemot, Joannès, Hall, Jefferson S., Hector, Andrew, Hérault, Bruno, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Mereu, Simone, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter B., Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, Schnabel, Florian, Verheyen, Kris, Weih, Martin, Wollni, Meike, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Forest Research [Great Britain], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), University of Minnesota [Morris], University of Minnesota System, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Alberta, UK Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Minnesota [Crookston], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institute of Biology of the University of Neuchâtel, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of Oxford, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
IMPACTS, Science & Technology, Ecology, PRODUCTIVITY, Evolution, Biodiversity & Conservation, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, forest functioning, Biodiversity, QH1-199.5, Ecology and Environment, climate change mitigation, sustainable forest management, PLANTATIONS, forest landscape restoration, Behavior and Systematics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Conservation, ecosystem services, plantations, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, resilience, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

International audience; As of 2020, the world has an estimated 290 million ha of planted forests and this number is continuously increasing. Of these, 131 million ha are monospecific planted forests under intensive management. Although monospecific planted forests are important in providing timber, they harbor less biodiversity and are potentially more susceptible to disturbances than natural or diverse planted forests. Here, we point out the increasing scientific evidence for increased resilience and ecosystem service provision of functionally and species diverse planted forests (hereafter referred to as diverse planted forests) compared to monospecific ones. Furthermore, we propose five concrete steps to foster the adoption of diverse planted forests: (1) improve awareness of benefits and practical options of diverse planted forests among land-owners, managers, and investors; (2) incentivize tree species diversity in public funding of afforestation and programs to diversify current maladapted planted forests of low diversity; (3) develop new wood-based products that can be derived from many different tree species not yet in use; (4) invest in research to assess landscape benefits of diverse planted forests for functional connectivity and resilience to global-change threats; and (5) improve the evidence base on diverse planted forests, in particular in currently under-represented regions, where new options could be tested.

Published
2021

8. Little effect of tree species richness on within‐ and between‐plot variability in soil chemical properties in a young plantation forest.

Author

Dhiedt, Els, Baeten, Lander, De Smedt, Pallieter, and Verheyen, Kris

Subjects
*SPECIES diversity, *TREE farms, *CHEMICAL properties, *FOREST biodiversity, *SOIL texture, *FOREST soils
Abstract

Trees impact the chemical properties of the soil in which they grow. When planting forests, the choice of tree species and species combinations is thus expected to partly determine the spatial variation in soil properties, even in the early stages of forest development. We made use of a biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning experiment in Belgium, FORBIO (FORest BIOdiversity and Ecosystem Functioning). The studied site is situated on former agricultural land on loamy sandy soil and replicates tree species richness (1–4 species) and composition. Soil samples (0–10 cm) were taken at five locations in 1, 2 and 4 species plots. We measured the total C and N concentration, the Olsen P, the pH‐H2O and the available Ca, Mg and K concentration. We hypothesised that the within‐plot spatial variability would increase with species richness and that the between‐plot variability would decrease with species richness. We found little evidence to support our hypothesis. We only found a smaller within‐plot variability in monocultures than mixtures for Ca, pH and C:N. Potential reasons for the little evidence for the effect of tree species richness may include the fact that the forest is only 9 years old, the agricultural land‐use history and the soil texture. Further research in sites with different soil properties or different land‐use history is needed to generalise these results. Highlights: Variation in soil chemistry was studied in young forest plots varying in tree species richness.Larger within‐ and a smaller between‐plot variation in mixtures than monocultures was expected.Larger within‐plot variation in mixtures was only found for for Ca, pH and C:N.Little effect of tree species richness may be due to young age, agricultural land‐use history or soil texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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9. Effects of decomposing beech (Fagus sylvatica) logs on the chemistry of acidified sand and loam soils in two forest reserves in Flanders (northern Belgium).

Author

Dhiedt, Els, De Keersmaeker, Luc, Vandekerkhove, Kris, and Verheyen, Kris

Subjects
LOAM soils, FOREST reserves, EUROPEAN beech, COARSE woody debris, SANDY soils, WOOD chemistry, SOIL chemistry
Abstract

• Element concentrations increase with decay in CWD, except for C and K. • Soil concentrations of essential nutrients and pH decrease with distance to the log. • Similar trends were found in the moderate and the highly acidic forest site. • Decaying logs can provide a buffering role for various essential nutrients. We studied the effect of coarse woody debris (CWD) on the soil nutrient status in two beech (Fagus sylvatica) dominated forest reserves in Flanders, Belgium: Wijnendale Forest, on a sandy soil and Kersselaerspleyn in Sonian Forest, on a loamy soil. More specifically, we looked at the chemical composition of beech logs of different stages of decay. In addition, we examined the chemical composition of the organic and the mineral soil at five distances from the decomposing logs. We considered the concentrations of the following elements: C, N, P, S, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Al. The results indicate a difference in wood and soil chemical composition between the two forest sites. The soil and the aboveground biomass of Wijnendale had the highest total N concentration and the lowest concentrations of P and base elements (Ca, K, Mg, and Mn). There is an increase in element concentrations in CWD of both forests during the decomposition, except for K and C. The higher N concentration in Wijnendale, explained by high atmospheric nitrogen deposition in this forest, persisted during decomposition. By contrast, the concentrations of P, Ca, K, and Mg in dead wood of both forests became similar when decomposition proceeded. The effect of CWD was more pronounced in the organic soil layer than in the mineral soil. The organic soil in the proximity of CWD had a higher pH and higher concentrations of C, N, P, Ca, Mg, and Mn (in Sonian forest) and a lower Al concentration (in Wijnendale forest) and this is highly significant for Ca, a limiting nutrient in moderate to highly acidic forests. The percentage of the soil surface impacted by the logs is 0.92% and 0.36% for Sonian and Wijnendale respectively, which is expected to increase with time, considering the fact that both reserves are only recently left unmanaged. The results of this study highlight the contribution of CWD in sustaining the nutrient status and buffering capacity of forest sites, in particular on soils sensitive to acidification and exposed to high nitrogen deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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