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The aim of this study is to analyze and characterize the antimicrobial effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (NP) synthesized using neem and ginger. Finely grounded neem and ginger powder were taken and mixed with distilled water. This mixture was then heated and filtered. Ammonium cerium nitrate dissolved in distilled water. Both the mixtures were mixed and stirred magnetically. A double-beam ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to monitor color changes. The extract was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 min. The final pellet was powdered using a hot air oven at 70°C for 24 h. Visualization was done by transmission electron microscopy and spherical morphology was noted, with an average diameter of 5 nm, in aggregated form. The sample containing 100 mg of cerium oxide shows the most significant effect on the zone of inhibition of 11 mm of Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained in the current study confirmed that CeO-NP possessed antioxidant and cytotoxic properties.

The present invention relates to dental compositions that include a phosphorescent material, more particularly, adding phosphorescent material to waxes that used in dentistry. The aim of the study is to develop a wax that has innate phosphorescent properties. Three groups of samples were taken in which the phosphorescent material was added. Three groups were later compared for their phosphorescent property in the material. All the samples in the initial molten state were poured into a mold made of silicone impression material and allowed to set. The material was placed in a dark room, and visual examination was done to compare the materials. From the samples obtained, paraffin wax showed more phosphorescent property than beeswax. The least phosphorescent property was seen in marginal wax. It can be concluded from this study that paraffin wax showed the most phosphorescent property.

Implant dentistry's emergence and acceptance have provided physicians with a wide range of new options for fixed and removable rehabilitation. The eventual replacement of the lost tooth is the ultimate success, and this can be accomplished using recognized prosthodontic methods. The present study aims to evaluate the time and dimensional accuracy of implant definitive models with an open tray impression with two different techniques. Impression was made in two different techniques and the cast was poured and checked for the time taken and the accuracy of the impression. In IBM SPSS software version 23.0 all the results were statistically analyzed. An Independent t-test was performed for the parameters. No statistically significant difference was present (P > 0.05) when comparing the accuracy and time taken between the two groups. It is concluded that time taken and the misfit is less for modified open tray impression techniques when compared to the regular open tray impression.

Long span base metal alloy fixed prosthesis and partial dental prosthesis frameworks most often require welding for better fit and adaptation. The type of metal alloys used and its effect on the weld strength of the prosthesis have to be investigated. The aim of the study is to comparatively analyze the weld strength of nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) base metal alloys when subjected to tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. 10 nickel- and cobalt-based specimens were obtained by casting of castable resin patterns of dimension 25 mm × 3 mm × 1 mm. Welding of the samples was carried out using the Lampert PuK 2 welding equipment, and a three-point bend test using a universal testing machine was carried out to evaluate the weld strength of the specimens. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version 23. Higher weld strength was observed in the Co-Cr alloy (mean = 898 MPa) than in the Ni-Cr alloy (mean = 690 MPa), when submitted to TIG welding (P < 0.05). TIG welding could be a better alternative for joining base metal alloys for long span edentulous cases, and cobalt-based alloys could be better alternatives to nickel-based alloys that usually tend to cause hypersensitivity reactions.

A goal of modern dentistry is to make an esthetic outcome as one of the major modalities in dental treatment. In recent years, more emphasis has been given to esthetic parameters, especially in the anterior regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of change in pink and white esthetics scores after giving crowns in a single tooth. Subjects for this retrospective study were chosen by randomization from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 120 subjects were selected which were equally divided with respect to age and gender. The analysis was done with a photographic assessment. The study test was done using paired t-test, and the correlation was evaluated using the Chi-square test. In this study, we observed that there is an increase in pink and white esthetic scores (WES) after the prosthesis is delivered. There was a clinical and statistically significant difference seen with the WES and total score, whereas only clinical but no statistical difference was seen with the pink esthetic score. After giving crowns, there is an increase in overall esthetic score. It is important to have certain standardized indices to score esthetics by which the overall esthetic outcomes can be improved. One such popular index is the pink and white esthetic index, which scores the soft and hard tissue.

N20 omission or addition to the combination of an opioid and neuroleptic is referred to as neuroleptanalgesia and neuroleptanesthesia, respectively. Conscious sedation is the result of this evolution. The requirement for high-quality anesthesia that is also related with speedier recovery, improved comfort, and lower costs all support the concept of neuroleptanesthesia. A set of eight questions was formulated and circulated among the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Saveetha Dental College. Responses were collected and the data were entered into MS Excel sheet and transferred to SPSS for the analysis. Results were made into graphs and interpreted. In the present study, among the students who took part in the study, 36.3% of the students were postgraduates and 63.7% of them were undergraduates. About 45.2% of the students were not aware and 54.8% of the students were aware that neuroleptanalgesia refers to the combination of a potent sedative analgesic agent and a tranquillizer. Many of the students were not aware of what neuroleptic esthetic is and how it evolved. The current study showed that most students did not have enough knowledge about neurolept anesthesia. However, dentists should make efforts to improve knowledge, awareness of neurolept anesthesia for further advancement, and the need for high-quality anesthesia.

In a partial or entirely independent jaw, oral implantology is a technique in dentistry used to enhance the function of mastication, esthetics, and phonation. An important diagnostic aspect for the effectiveness of implant therapy is the stability of the implants. This study aims to measure dental professionals' and dental students' knowledge of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) in dental implantology. This study aims to measure dental professionals' and dental students' knowledge of RFA in dental implantology. One hundred ninety-nine dentists and dental students participated in an online survey study that was delivered through Google Forms. For statistical analysis, tabulated data from the Excel sheets were transferred into the SPSS program. The Chi-square test is also used to examine clinical relevance. According to the study's findings, 60% of the respondents were male and 46% of those who responded were dental professionals. The respondents were primarily between the ages of 18 and 22 (36%). The majority of dental undergraduates and graduates were found to be knowledgeable about the various techniques used to gauge implant stability (P = 0.04 < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, it was found that most of the dental students and dental practitioners participating in this study were aware of implant stability. The majority of the respondents were aware that RFA was used to measure primary and secondary stability and osseointegration.

D-dimer molecules are formed by the degradation of cross-linked fibrin during the process of fibrinolysis. The formation of D-dimer requires the activity of activated factor XIII (factor XIIIa), plasmin, and thrombin. To assess the awareness about D-dimer assay among dental students. A cross-sectional study was done among 100 dental practitioners through an online survey. The survey consisted of 10 semiclosed prevalidated and reliable questionnaires based on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the dentists on D-dimer assay. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to report the responses of the participants. Most participants did not know what a D-dimer assay is (55%). Forty-six percent of participants responded that the D-dimer assay is used to rule out serious blood clots. Fifty-four percent of the participants responded that fibrin D-dimers are formed when fibrin strands are formed. The current study shows that the knowledge about D-dimer assay is more in CRRI than in participants of junior year of study. Thus, more rigorous educational programs should be initiated to further enrich the knowledge among dental students.

Abstract Two‐piece hollow bulb obturator maxillofacial prosthesis for hemi‐maxillectomy defect is given after surgical resection due to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Maxillofacial prosthodontists play a pivotal role in construction of prosthesis. Unique choices are made in prosthesis design depending on the clinical representation. Improvement in function, phonetics and esthetics was appreciated.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a type of peripheral sympathetic nervous system cancer that most commonly affects children. It is caused by the improper differentiation of primitive neural crest cells during embryonic development. Although NB occurs for 8% of paediatric cancers, it accounts for 15% of cancer-related deaths. Despite a considerable increase in cytotoxic chemo- and radiotherapy, patients in advanced stages remain virtually incurable. Therefore, there is a desperate necessity for new treatment strategies to be investigated. Accumulating evidence suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with 19–25 nucleotides lengths and play a central role in the development of NB carcinogenesis. Fascinatingly, miRNA inhibitors have an antisense property that can inhibit miRNA function and suppress the activity of mature miRNA. However, many studies have addressed miRNA inhibition in the treatment of NB, but their molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways are yet to be analysed. In this study, we impart the current state of knowledge about the role of miRNA inhibition in the aetiology of NB.

Context: Marginal discrepancy influenced by the choice of processing material used for the ceramic laminate veneers needs to be explored further for better clinical application. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the amount of cervical and incisal marginal discrepancy associated with different ceramic laminate veneering materials. Settings and Design: This was an experimental, single-blinded, in vitro trial. Subjects and Methods: Ten central incisors were prepared for laminate veneers with 2 mm uniform reduction and heavy chamfer finish line. Ceramic laminate veneers fabricated over the prepared teeth using four different processing materials were categorized into four groups as Group I - aluminous porcelain veneers, Group II - lithium disilicate ceramic veneers, Group III - lithium disilicate-leucite-based veneers, Group IV - zirconia-based ceramic veneers. The cervical and incisal marginal discrepancy was measured using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA and post hoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The cervical and incisal marginal discrepancy for four groups was Group I - 114.6 ± 4.3 μm, 132.5 ± 6.5 μm, Group II - 86.1 ± 6.3 μm, 105.4 ± 5.3 μm, Group III - 71.4 ± 4.4 μm, 91.3 ± 4.7 μm, and Group IV - 123.1 ± 4.1 μm, 142.0 ± 5.4 μm. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD tests observed a statistically significant difference between the four test specimens with regard to cervical marginal discrepancy. The cervical and incisal marginal discrepancy scored F = 243.408, P < 0.001 and F = 180.844, P < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded veneers fabricated using leucite reinforced lithium disilicate exhibited the least marginal discrepancy followed by lithium disilicate ceramic, aluminous porcelain, and zirconia-based ceramics. The marginal discrepancy was more in the incisal region than in the cervical region in all the groups.

Background and Aim: This study was formulated to evaluate and estimate the influence of various denture base resin surface pre-treatments (chemical and mechanical and combinations) upon tensile bond strength between a poly vinyl acetate-based denture liner and a denture base resin. Materials and Methods: A universal testing machine was used for determining the bond strength of the liner to surface pre-treated acrylic resin blocks. The data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and the t-test (α =.05). Results: This study infers that denture base surface pre-treatment can improve the adhesive tensile bond strength between the liner and denture base specimens. The results of this study infer that chemical, mechanical, and mechano-chemical pre-treatments will have different effects on the bond strength of the acrylic soft resilient liner to the denture base. Conclusion: Among the various methods of pre-treatment of denture base resins, it was inferred that the mechano-chemical pre-treatment method with air-borne particle abrasion followed by monomer application exhibited superior bond strength than other methods with the resilient liner. Hence, this method could be effectively used to improve bond strength between liner and denture base and thus could minimize delamination of liner from the denture base during function.

The attachment of cells to titanium surfaces is an important phenomenon in the area of clinical implant dentistry. A major consideration in designing implants has been to produce surfaces that promote desirable responses in the cells and tissues. To achieve these requirements, the titanium implant surface can be modified in various ways. This review mainly focuses on the surface topography of dental implants currently in use, emphasizing the association of reported variables with biological outcome.

Background: Carnitine is effective in preventing the accumulation of end products related to lipid peroxidation due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Carnitine also exerts a significant anti-inflammatory role through the downregulation of the nuclear factor kappa beta pathway, which leads to a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.The aim of the study was to estimate the L-carnitine (L-C) levels in diabetic completely edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted after the selection of 60 samples based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The collected saliva samples were utilized to measure the levels of L-C using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. One hundred microliters of sample was applied to a particular row of wells and incubated for an hour as part of the sandwich ELISA procedure. After the wells had been cleaned, a second batch of monoclonal L-C was added, and they were once more incubated for an hour. The horseradish peroxidase substrate was then applied after washing the second batch as well. To allow the blue-to-yellow color transition, the wells were kept steady. Following the observation of the color shift, the OD was measured, and the concentration was determined using the sandwich ELISA kit's standard curve as an intercept. The data were statistically analyzed using the independent t-test (significant level P < 0.05) and were tabulated. Results: The L-C levels have higher levels in nondiabetic patients than in diabetic patients. The difference in the baseline mean value between the groups was statistically significant (P = 0.00). Although it is statistically significant (P = 0.00), the mean value for diabetic individuals is 0.19 as opposed to 0.29 for nondiabetic patients. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that L-C improves insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal in diabetic completely edentulous patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of maxilla or posterior maxillary defects is challenging and zygomatic implants have been an effective option in the management of atrophic edentulous maxilla and maxillectomy defects. Zygomatic implants were introduced by Branemark. Bone grafting and augmentation procedures involve two step procedures and lead to economic and financial loss for the patient, thus zygomatic implants have proved to be a good non-grafting option for the rehabilitation procedures for treating posterior maxillary and atrophic maxillary cases. Aim: This study aims to assess the awareness of zygomatic implants among undergraduate students. Materials And Method: A online questionnaire based survey was circulated among the students of Saveetha Dental college and the answers were compiled in excel sheet and tabulated and analysed using the statistical software IBM SPSS version 20.0 and the results of the survey were represented using tabulations and graphical illustrations. Results: Totally 100 participants took part in the the survey and out of which 90% of them were aware of zygomatic implants. 80% of the participants who took part in the survey were aware of the indications of zygomatic implants. 80% of the participants were aware of the most common complication being sinusitis. And the rest of the participants were aware of the other complications that can occur due to zygomatic implants. Conclusion: This survey was done to create an awareness on zygomatic implants. From the study most of them were aware of zygomatic implants, their indication, surgical procedure, contraindication and treatment protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The basic know-hows of handling face shields and its related contamination is invaluable given the current escalation of today's scenario. We firmly believe that educating the still-growing students is a huge step forward in battling this situation. Thus, in our present study we have aimed to assess the awareness levels of dental undergraduates and postgraduates regarding the contamination of face shields when used in dentistry. Materials and Methods: This was a survey based study conducted in the month of March 2021, using the online survey platform SurveyPlanet®. This survey was taken up by 100 dental students (both undergraduates and postgraduates) studying at a private dental university in Chennai, India. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions. The questions were framed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of dental students about the contamination associated with face shields when used in dentistry. The data was collected, tabulated in Microsoft Excel® and coded for analysis. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (Version 20.0, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, U.S.A.) was used to analyze the data obtained. Results: 63% of the students used Only Mask, 12% used Only Face Shield while 25% used both. 38% of the students wore gloves while removing face shields to dispose of them after use. 50% of them were aware that if not tight fitting, aerosols may still enter and exit around the outside of a face shield. Conclusion: Within the limits of the current study we conclude by reporting that the existing levels of knowledge and aptitude regarding face shields in dentistry is not satisfactory with respect to the current situation in today's pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-piece hollow bulb obturator maxillofacial prosthesis for hemi-maxillectomy defect is given after surgical resection due to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Maxillofacial prosthodontists play a pivotal role in construction of prosthesis. Unique choices are made in prosthesis design depending on the clinical representation. Improvement in function, phonetics and esthetics was appreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full mouth rehabilitation cases are one of the most challenging cases faced by a dental professional. It can range from mild attrition in the entire dentition which can be treated with composite build ups to severely compromised dentition requiring full veneer crowns. In this article, full mouth rehabilitation of a patient having attrition and erosion with a reduced vertical dimension is illustrated. By the end of the treatment, the patient had an esthetic smile with restoration of function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction. Allergic reactions can occur during routine oral and maxillofacial surgery and dental treatment. These reactions can vary from mild to life threatening conditions. All dental practitioners should be aware of the diagnosis and management of emergencies such as anaphylaxis that may arise in their clinical set up. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of anaphylaxis among dental undergraduates. A self-administered questionnaire was designed and consisted of questions regarding anaphylaxis. The questionnaire was distributed through an online link to 100 dental undergraduates. The responses of the participants were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. From this study it was observed that the majority(61%) of the dental undergraduates were aware of effects of anaphylaxis but many(54%) were not aware of the symptoms of anaphylaxis. The use of epinephrine as the first choice of drug was known by most(77%) dental undergraduates while only 41% of them were aware of the use of corticosteroids for treatment of anaphylactic reactions. It was observed that awareness of the effects of anaphylaxis was more among interns(71.4%) when compared to 3rd year(29%) and final year students (41.2%) and association was found to be statistically significant(p<0.05). Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the awareness regarding anaphylaxis among the dental undergraduates was inadequate and this has to be overcome by increasing the awareness of dentists in basic life support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the knowledge attitude and practice of usage of anti-anxiety drugs among the general dental practitioners. Background: Anti-anxiety drugs can act as effective way to manage patients with anxiety and dental fear mainly children. Adequate knowledge is necessary for using anti-anxiety drugs. Usage of anti-anxiety drugs can help to treat the patients in an effective way. Material and Methods: Questionnaires consisting of 15 questions was distributed to 80 general dental practitioners practicing in private dental hospitals and clinics in Chennai city in June 2017. The questionnaire was designed to enquire about the knowledge and usage of anti anxiety drug in children Results: 83.75% of dentists are aware of the pharmacological means of anxiety reduction. 51.25% are aware of the side effects and over dosage reaction of using anti anxiety drugs. 12% of dentists are aware of the method of managing side effects and over dosage reaction of using anti anxiety drugs Conclusion: Anti-anxiety drugs can act as a better alternative and also an adjunct to the conventional behaviour management. Proper knowledge about its mechanism of action, dosage, adverse effects are essential for the dentist to use anti-anxiety drugs in an effective way. Hence the usage of anti-anxiety drugs can be recommended and encouraged among dentists provided they have a sound knowledge about the drug [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pain control is a primary yet challenging goal to achieve as a dentist. In patient's opinion, their attitude toward dentists and dentistry relies on the local anesthetic experience they have had before. Various techniques are available for achieving mandibular anesthesia - inferior alveolar nerve block, Gow-Gates mandibular block, and Akinosi-Vazirani closed mouth mandibular nerve block. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the administration of Gow-Gates mandibular block among dental students. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted through Google Forms. The questionnaire was created in such a way that it assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Gow- Gates nerve block technique. The link for the survey was circulated among dental students pursuing their 3rd year, final year, and internship in Chennai. Results: A total of 164 responses were obtained. About 70.7% of the responders were aware of Gow-Gates mandibular block technique. Only 32.9% of the respondents have had a demo on the administration of Gow- Gates mandibular block and only 23.2% of the respondents have administered Gow-Gates nerve block. Only 18.3% of the respondents were confident enough to administer Gow-Gates mandibular block without any supervision. Conclusion: The results clearly show the lack of knowledge and interest about the technique, advantages and disadvantages of Gow-Gates mandibular block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior teeth wear leads to the loss of anterior guidance. Anterior guidance functions to protect the posterior teeth from wear or any other damage during various excursive movements. Once the posterior teeth collapse there is an evident loss of normal occlusal plane and eventually there is reduction in the occlusal vertical dimension. This case report describes a 54 year old male, who had anterior guidance anterior guidance loss, severely worn of dentition, and resultant reduction of the vertical dimension. Anatomical landmarks, facial and physiologic measurements were used to decide the amount of vertical dimension raise is required. Oncem the new vertical dimension was been confirmed, interim restoration followed by the permanent reconstruction was initiated. The unilateral distal extension was treated by providing a removable attachment prosthesis This case reports that a satisfactory clinical result was achieved both esthetically and functionally after raising the vertical dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ammonium nitrate is odorless, colorless, or white produced by the reaction of ammonia and nitric acid. It is highly soluble in water. It is widely used for agricultural, on-agricultural, and mining purposes. High intake of NH4NO3 can cause sore throat, bloody diarrhea, weakness, a tingling sensation, heart and circulation irregularities, convulsions, collapse, and suffocation. The recommended amount of nitrogen for human metabolism is 1–3%. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of ammonium nitrate in water bodies among dental students. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was prepared with ten questions using Google forms about the prevalence of ammonium nitrate in water bodies. It was distributed to 100 dental students in Saveetha Dental College in Chennai. A total number of 100 people filled up the survey which contained ten questions in total. The questionnaire included questions on the awareness and prevalence of ammonium nitrate in water bodies. Results: The questionnaire was analyzed and was found that 0.26.8% say that excess ammonium content is due to the release of fertilizers, 9.3% say that it is due to the emission from vehicles, 9.8% say that it is from incineration of wastes, and the remaining 54.1% say that all these above are the major factors for the release of ammonium in atmosphere. However, the excess of ammonium is released into the atmosphere by fertilizers. Conclusion: The students did have a well-known knowledge about the contamination of water sources by ammonium nitrate. This survey did create an awareness of the ammonium nitrate contamination in water bodies among dental students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A green home is a house which is equipped with energy saving and emission reducing utilities, thereby making it environment friendly. It focuses on the use of water and energy in an efficient way. Global warming is a result of aggressive industrialization of the world and causes many environmental problems. Global warming has created such a negative impact on the ecosystem in some regions that it has sparked a huge interest in developing methods and equipment which minimize the deteriorating effects it can have on the local ecosystem. Aim: The study is to evaluate the awareness of green home habits among the urban population of Coimbatore. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was prepared regarding green home habits. People among Coimbatore were asked to fill the survey. This survey was taken up by 100 people, aged between 18 and 50, of which 36 are male and 64 are female. The questionnaire was prepared using Google forms and the survey was dispensed through a digital base. The survey was sent to people in Coimbatore. Once the required responses were received, the survey was closed, and the data were taken in form of pie chart with help of Microsoft excel. Results: A total of 100 people was questioned, of which 36 (36%) were males and 64 (64%) are females. The age range is from <18 to 50 years. Thus, we come to know the different percentile of the questions asked, from which a complete stand can be taken regarding people’s views on green home management. Conclusion: From the above results, we can conclude that most of the people are aware of greenhouse habits and their importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intraoral scanner (IOS) is a medical device used for capturing direct optical impressions and composed of a handheld camera (hardware), a computer and software. Digital impressions by intraoral scanning have become an increasingly popular alternative to conventional impressions. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the studies regarding the various available technologies for IOS and evaluate the most accurate IOS system for cases with multiple implants and identify the factors that can influence its accuracy. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was done in online databases, 'Pubmed', 'Google Scholar' and 'Cochrane' based on pre-determined eligibility criteria. In-vitro studies, In-vivo studies and Randomized controlled trials assessing the accuracy of intra-oral scanner technology were selected after thorough screening. The search strategy covered all studies published until February 2019 and yielded a total of 11 articles out of which 8 studies were determined to fulfil the inclusion criteria and were selected for this review. Data extraction from the included studies was conducted by the primary author and reviewed by the second author. Results: The information collected included sample size and population, study design, intervention, scanning methods, comparisons and outcome measures. 5 out of 8 included studies compared the distance deviation of the acquired scans from the true values while the remaining 3 studies gave trueness and precision values as the outcome variables. A forest plot on scanner precision displayed slightly higher precision levels in the TRIOS scanner compared to the other intraoral scanners. Conclusion: Despite the limitations this study, it can be concluded that active wavefront sampling is more accurate than the other intraoral scanning technology employed by commercial scanners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positron emission tomography (PET) is considered as a radiographic method that has been in rapid usage for diagnosis, staging as well as follow-up for several malignancies. Computed tomography (CT) is dependent on anatomic changes for the similar purpose of cancer diagnosis, staging and follow-up procedures. The overall combination of both PET scanning and CT scan have produced a more accurate localization of regions with increased activity and higher accuracy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general knowledge and awareness of undergraduate students on PET (Positron emission tomography) CT scan. A survey was conducted amongst the undergraduate students in Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. The questionnaire was prepared and circulated among the undergraduate students. Results were analysed and compared using the SPSS Statistical Software by doing both the frequency tests and correlation tests. The undergraduate students included 21 (17.5%) third years, 36 (30.0%) final years and the remaining 63 (52.5%) were interns. 85 (70.8%) of the participants were aware of PET CT scan while 35 (29.2%) participants were not aware of it. When the year of study was correlated with their awareness of PET CT scan, it showed statistical significance between the two (p=0.00). Within the limits of the study, undergraduates of Saveetha Dental College showed an average level of knowledge and awareness in regards to PET CT scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the survey is to assess the degree of awareness and knowledge of periodontal plastic and esthetic surgery among undergraduates. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted to assess the degree of awareness and knowledge of periodontal plastic and esthetic surgical procedures among 100 interns in Saveetha Dental College, Chennai. All participants were provided with a pre-structured questionnaire comprising 15 questions related to periodontal plastic and esthetic surgical procedures and answering was completely self-based. The questions were divided into three segments: (a) Basics of mucogingival procedures, (b) surgical procedures and techniques, and (c) indications for mucogingival procedures. The possible options chosen by the participants were tabulated and the percentile for each question was represented using pie charts.Results: Among the 100 participants, 96% of students were aware of mucogingival or periodontal plastic and esthetic surgical procedures. About 60% of students were aware of the techniques of periodontal plastic and esthetic surgical procedures and 62% of the participants were aware of the indication of these surgical procedures. Conclusion: The most widely accepted treatment modality for cases of gingival recession is the surgical correction of the defect. Mucogingival procedures or periodontal plastic surgery involves correction of soft tissue defects involving the periodontium and frenum. Advancements and better techniques would help in improving periodontal health and also help correct defects in esthetic regions. Moreover, it is also important that we are aware of the various techniques used for the treatment of these soft tissue abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A systematic review was performed on the immediate or immediate post-operative bleeding complications in dental implants to identify the areas of greatest bleeding risk, the causes of bleeding, and their management. Materials and Methods: A Medline (PubMed) search was made of articles on immediate bleeding complications in dental implants published in English up until May 2019. Results: One article met the inclusion criteria. The region most commonly associated with bleeding complications corresponded to the mandibular anterior region. Immediate bleeding and severe edema during can occur due to direct damage of the sublingual arteries, as a consequence of lingual cortical bone perforation. Management focused on securing the airway (with intubation or tracheostomy if necessary), with bleeding control. Conclusions: It is important to do proper treatment planning, good case selection, and a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the surgical area before implants are placed in the region. The most frequent cause of bleeding was the perforation of the lingual plate. Treatment involves securing the airway, with bleeding control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Newer implant biomaterials such as trabecular implants have been introduced that have provided and proven to be a better replacement for titanium. Materials and Methods: The study was carried among 100 UG and PG students and staffs in Saveetha Dental College. Each student and staff were asked to independently fill the survey which consisted of questions related trabecular implants and its properties. Results: The extent to how much dental students and dental practitioners know about trabecular implants being used as new implant biomaterial in recent years progressively increases from dental practitioners to postgraduates then when compared to the final years. This can be attributed to increased knowledge and exposure to the different clinical conditions and the extensive research in the same field. Conclusion: Though most of the students and staffs seem to be aware of trabecular implants, very few had an idea or the knowledge on the properties of trabecular implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in Chennai population-based on Vertucci classification. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 40 CBCT scans of bilateral mandibular sides of patients of both sexes and ranging in the age of 18–49 years. The CBCT was collected from the Department of Oral Radiology, Saveetha Dental College. The inclusion criteria of this present study are as follows: (i) No obvious dental caries, (ii) fully formed root canal apices without resorption or calcification, (iii) absence of root canal fillings, posts, and crown restoration, (iv) CBCT images of good quality, and (v) CBCT images which included the desired area of interest. The teeth involved were investigated for the number of roots, number of root canal per tooth, and root canal pattern (Vertucci 1984). Results: All the permanent mandibular incisors have a single root. Majority of the incisors had single canal. Prevalence of second canal was found in 7.5% of mandibular central incisors and 13.7% of mandibular lateral incisors. According to gender, 12.1% of mandibular incisors of males and 9.9% of mandibular incisors of females had two canals. Vertucci Type I (55.2%) was the most commonly seen root canal configuration in central incisors, followed by Type III (28.4%), Type V (9%), Type IV (4.5%), and Type II (3%). In case of lateral incisors, the most common was Type I (57.5%), followed by Type III (22.5%), Type IV (8.8%), Type V (6.3%), and type II (5%). Conclusion: Vertucci Type I was the most common configuration in the mandibular incisors of Chennai population. Type II was the least common configuration. Incidence of two canals is higher in males than females and higher in mandibular lateral incisors than in mandibular central incisors. Proper attention should be given to the detection of a second canal during root canal treatment. CBCT provides an excellent imaging modality for detection of different canal configurations of mandibular incisors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of malocclusion in Malaysian adolescents aged 13–17 years. Materials and Methods: A sample of 100 adolescent school children in Malaysia, both male and female, with the age ranging from 13 to 17 years was randomly selected for a dental examination. None of the subjects had previous orthodontic treatment, and all had a permanent dentition. The inclusion criteria of the study include: (i) No previous orthodontic treatment done, (ii) permanent dentition present with no remaining deciduous teeth, and (iii) all had their first permanent molars. A full clinical examination was carried out using mouth mirror and light to evaluate the anteroposterior molar relationship, crowding, overjet, overbite, crossbite, and midline diastema. Results: About 93% of the population had malocclusion out of which 80% had Class I, 8% had Class II, and 12% had Class III malocclusion. Class II occlusion was most prevalent in Indians (17.4%) and Class III occlusion had a higher prevalence in Chinese (17.9%) and Malays (12.2%). Frequency of crowding was 70% and had increased prevalence in Malays (77.6%). Normal overjet and overbite were seen in 44% and 50% of subjects, respectively. About 6% of the subjects had midline diastema. Crossbite was seen in 32% of the subjects. Conclusion: Malocclusion is a widespread phenomenon among Malaysian adolescents. Prevalence of Class II occlusion was more prevalent among Indians, whereas Class III was seen mostly in Malays and Chinese. Crowding was the most common feature seen in all three ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to evaluate the contemporary treatment modalities in implant dentistry. The aim of the study is to evaluate the contemporary treatment modalities in implant dentistry and to evaluate various implant treatment options in dentistry. A literature search was done in the following databases: (1) Medline (Ovid), (2) PubMed, (3) Embase, and (4) Google Scholar. To assess the implant longevity, the bone quality and its clinical evaluation were evaluated. Clinicians should actively reassure edentulous patients to attend annual recall evaluations, to consider denture replacement in a timely manner, and to contemplate the potential use of end osseous dental implants as an operative means of improving their own perceptions of function, appearance, and image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral hygiene has a great impact on the overall health and well-being of an individual. Maintenance of oral hygiene is particularly challenging in people with ‑special needs. Special needs are a term used in clinical diagnostics and functional development to describe individuals who require assistance for disabilities that may be medical or psychological. Visually handicapped refers to those individuals that are unable to carry out normal activities due to the defects of vision. Materials and Methods: This study was carried among 45 visually handicapped individuals. A survey was conducted about the awareness and knowledge of oral hygiene and the oral hygiene status was also analyzed for every individual (National Institution for the Blind, Poonamallee). The data were collected and analyzed accordingly. Results: About 46% of individuals had fair oral hygiene status and 35% had good hygiene followed by 19% having poor oral hygiene. The majority used toothbrush and toothpaste; among the individuals examined, 90% used manual toothbrush and toothpaste to clean their teeth, whereas 8% used toothbrush and powder. 2% used finger and salt as medium for cleaning their teeth. While a predominant number of sample population 72% brushed only once daily, only 27% of the students brushed twice daily. Conclusion: As per the present study, while it is evident that visually impaired individuals have fair oral hygiene status, they lack knowledge about proper brushing techniques which were one of the reasons for high rate of dental caries. Early identification of caries and proper guideline for maintenances of oral hygiene should be well informed to parents, guardians, and school teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is an infection that influences fundamentally women, however, can likewise happen in men. It is described by lost bone mineral density (BMD) and frequently comes full circle in a crack of the hip, wrist, or potentially vertebrae. The analysis of osteoporosis is regularly made by utilizing bone thickness estimations. They are regularly communicated in relative terms (T-scores and Z-scores); the Z-score is the quantity of standard deviations from the age-coordinated normal estimation of solid ladies. A low Z-score shows that the bone thickness is lower than it ought to be for a patient’s age and sex. Osteoporosis is characterized as a BMD loss of 2.5 standard deviations or more beneath the built-up mean. Osteoporosis can be dealt with by an assortment of strategies; the most widely recognized being the utilization of estrogen, with or without progestin or progesterone. The utilization of estrogen alone is alluded to as Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), and the mix Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Different medications utilized as a part of the treatment of osteoporosis are the particular Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs) and the bisphosphonates. The SERMs seem to offer a large number of the positive advantages of estrogen with less unfriendly consequences for the bosom or uterus. As of late, a randomized, 2-fold visually impaired investigation of about 3000 ladies found no general advantage in diminishing coronary illness for those taking estrogen. Indeed, in the main year of estrogen utilize, coronary illness was higher in this gathering than in those taking fake treatment. The connection between systemic BMD and periodontal status has been explored. In a few patients, there is a connection between a diminishing of mandibular bone mass and tooth misfortune. In others, there is no such connection. Those postmenopausal ladies taking HRT had more prominent tooth maintenance and a decreased probability of edentulism. A current report has discovered no connection between clinical connection levels and the BMD of the lumbar spine. Numerous conceivable elements add to the improvement of osteoporosis and periodontal maladies. It is hard to set up an immediate connection between tooth misfortune, bone misfortune, and loss of connection coming about due to periodontitis and diminished BMD related with osteoporosis; however, considers are progressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]