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Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth, a native medicinal plant, has been used to treat diabetes for centuries; however, comprehensive documentation of its bioactive constituents and therapeutic effectiveness is lacking. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical profile and antidiabetic potential of D. elliptica methanolic leaf extract (DEME) in diabetic Sprague Dawley rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ). In normal rats, acute oral toxicity evaluations were conducted, and in STZ-induced rats, antidiabetic properties were investigated. 14 days of oral administration of standard glibenclamide and the extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rodents. Assessed parameters included blood glucose levels, alterations in body weight, biochemical markers, and histological analysis of the pancreas, liver, and kidney. Numerous phytoconstituents were uncovered through qualitative phytochemical assays, 1H NMR, and 1H–13C HSQC screening. Quercetin was identified by 1H NMR characterization, and a ceramide analogue compound was isolated and partially characterized by 1H NMR. There were no indications of toxicity or mortality. The treatment with DEME significantly (p

A brain tumor is an uncontrolled cell proliferation, a mass of tissue composed of cells that grow and divide abnormally and appear to be uncontrollable by the processes that normally control normal cells. Approximately 25,690 primary malignant brain tumors are discovered each year, 70% of which originate in glial cells. It has been observed that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the distribution of drugs into the tumour environment, which complicates the oncological therapy of malignant brain tumours. Numerous studies have found that nanocarriers have demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in brain diseases. This review, based on a non-systematic search of the existing literature, provides an update on the existing knowledge of the types of dendrimers, synthesis methods, and mechanisms of action in relation to brain tumours. It also discusses the use of dendrimers in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and the future possibilities of dendrimers. Dendrimers are of particular interest in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours because they can transport biochemical agents across the BBB to the tumour and into the brain after systemic administration. Dendrimers are being used to develop novel therapeutics such as prolonged release of drugs, immunotherapy, and antineoplastic effects. The use of PAMAM, PPI, PLL and surface engineered dendrimers has proven revolutionary in the effective diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours.

INTRODUCTION: Cinnamon zeylanicum (CZ) bark is widely used as supplement for diabetic management, there are concerns about its safety and potential toxicity at high doses, and limited evidence to support its efficacy. To investigate this further, this study examines the effects of Cinnamon zeylanicum aqueous extract (CZAE) on various factors in diabetic rats, including body weight, blood glucose level, biochemical parameters, histological changes, and gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of six animals each. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in all groups except the negative control by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats in the intervention groups (Groups C, D, and E) were given CZAE at 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg, dose respectively, for 28 days. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were monitored weekly, and their liver and renal profiles were analyzed. Histology was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin stain, and apoptotic gene expression was examined in liver and renal tissues. RESULTS: The body weight of rats in intervention groups increased compared to the control group. There was a significant decrease (P<0.001) in blood glucose levels. The extract significantly reduced (P<0.05) liver biochemical markers in the intervention groups compared to the control group. The histology of the liver & kidney improved (p<0.001) with upregulated Bcl-2 and down-regulated BAX genes in preventing apoptosis in the intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: High doses of CZAE are safe and effective for T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]