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Abstract The environmental realm has been acknowledged as a pivotal arena for the emergence and propagation of antimicrobial resistance. To further explore insight into antimicrobial resistance dynamics beyond clinical and veterinary settings, we embarked on an environmental surveillance initiative targeting the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the bustling confines of an international airport in Japan. Our findings illuminate a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (46.3%) on frequently contacted surfaces in the public domain. Notably, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and S. epidermidis emerged as the preeminent carriers of the mecA gene. Intriguingly, we encountered a virulent strain of livestock-associated MRSA harboring a PVL-positive ST1232 clone, CC398 lineage. Further scrutiny unveiled a repertoire of resistance mechanisms, the methicillin-resistant isolates exhibited two or more resistance genes conferring resistance against different types of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and fosfomycin. Revealing multidrug-resistant CoNS and a LA-MRSA across various surfaces in urban public areas unearths a looming public health hazard. Thus, implementation of molecular surveillance is imperative, augmenting our capacity for early detection and mitigation of the insidious spread and potential transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors amidst urban settings, notably within pivotal nodes such as airports.

This study aims to analyze the basic principles in the juvenile justice system in Indonesia as well as legal protection for children involved in cases of fights between students. This study uses normative legal research methods with conceptual, legal, and case approaches. The juvenile justice system in Indonesia is based on the principle of parens patriae based on the provisions of Article 6 paragraph (2) of Law Number 4 of 1979 which states that children found guilty of violating the law must be provided with services and care. Legal protection for children involved in cases of fights between students can be categorized into two, namely preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive legal protection can be done in two ways, namely by conducting socialization and raids to prevent fights between students. Repressive legal protection can be done in three ways, namely by carrying out restorative justice, punishment based on a judge’s decision, or rehabilitation.

Objectives. The Anaerobic Soccer Training (AnST) model was designed to increase variation in soccer training programs by implementing a game-based approach to matching characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the training model in improving soccer players’ anaerobic abilities. Materials and methods. The research method used was the ADDIE model consisting of five integrated phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Eighty-two soccer players from the UNESA male student activity unit were involved in this study, with 20 samples taken using random sampling techniques. Sample characteristics included the following data: age 20.05 ± 0.69 years, height 165.85 ± 5.00 cm, weight 62.08 ± 6.82 kg, and BMI 22.54 ± 1.98. The intervention was carried out over a four-week period, with a frequency of three times a week. The Aiken’s V test was used to analyze the assessment data from three expert judgments, followed by percentage analysis for content validity. The normality test was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, while the mean difference was analyzed using the paired sample t-test. Results. The results showed that in variables for peak power (.001), mean power (.000), fatigue index (.013), Lactate Week (LW) 1-2 (.020) and LW1-3 (.038), notable differences with significance values ​​below 0.05 were observed. In contrast, LW1-4 (.631) did not demonstrate significant differences. Overall, the development of the AnST model successfully improved the anaerobic ability of players, as evidenced by an increase in peak power, mean power, and a decrease in the fatigue index. Conclusions. These findings indicate that this training model is effective in enhancing the anaerobic performance in soccer players.

Elections are a common thing among Indonesian people and are also one of the things that is mandatory to form a sovereign state. Holding fair elections is very important, because elections themselves are the main means for democracy, and at the same time the realization of the will of the people. The large number of cases of election violations and the disproportionate number of findings and reports obtained indicate a lack of effective law enforcement. The aim of holding this service activity is to understand the community about existing regulations so that if there is a violation of election regulations, the community can voice their disagreement. Based on the participants' accounts, they were satisfied with every explanation given by the presenters and they understood that they had the right to receive as much information as possible about the offers they wanted to convey and election participants also expressed their programs and ideas. Violations that often occur are usually administrative in nature and take the form of election criminal violations, therefore the KPU should frequently hold outreach regarding problems, namely looking at election regulations and violations: education and assistance to Peguyangan Kangin village residents. The method used is to provide political education to the community so that the final result is that the community can differentiate between existing regulations whether during the campaign a political party has violated existing regulations or not.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran mediasi kepuasan konsumen pada pengaruh brand trust terhadap repurchase intention. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Denpasar dengan menggunakan jumlah sampel sebanyak 130 responden yang dibantu oleh kuisioner. Metode penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Statistik Deskriptif, Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis) dan Uji Sobel. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa seluruh hipotesis diterima. Brand trust berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen, brand trust berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap repurchase intention , kepuasan konsumen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap repurchase intention, kepuasan konsumen merupakan variabel mediasi secara parsial pengaruh antara brand trust terhadap repurchase intention. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan pihak manajemen Gurlbucket dapat lebih memperhatikan kepuasan konsumen dengan harapan mampu mempengaruhi repurchase intention, dari terciptanya rasa puas dalam benak konsumen juga akan mampu meningkatkan brand trust dari produk Gurlbucket sehingga berpengaruh juga terhadap repurchase intention.

Activated carbon is a commonly used medium for adsorption to combat environmental pollution in both water and air. It is produced from plant or plantation waste containing carbon. Jackfruit skin, often considered as plantation waste, contains lignocellulosic compounds and has the potential to be used as active carbon. Activated carbon from jackfruit skin has a good absorption capacity and can absorb heavy metal waste such as lead (Pb). A recent study aimed to evaluate the absorption effectiveness of active carbon from jackfruit skin. The process involved making activated carbon using the pyrolysis method, and then analyzing its lead absorption capacity in lead nitrate solution by varying the weight of the activated carbon (10g, 15g, 20g, 25g, 30g) and the adsorption time in minutes (40, 60, 80, 100, 120). The levels of absorbed lead on activated carbon were tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) at a wavelength of 283.3 nm. The research findings indicate that the effectiveness of activated carbon absorption reaches 99%, and the appropriate equation model for the adsorption process is the Freundlich isotherm, indicating a multilayer adsorption process. Keywords: Adsorption Isotherm, Activated Carbon Jackfruit Skin, Lead (Pb)

This article describes the activities that can be carried out during the application of the role-playing method in teaching a second language. The theory used is Stephen Krashen's second language learning theory. This research is a literature study research. The results of this study describe the activities that can be carried out during the application of the role playing method, namely by listening to a short dialogue and then playing a role. Second, reading storybooks in the target language and then choosing important events in the story to act out. The use of this role-playing game provides a great opportunity for learners to communicate even though they have limited second language vocabulary. Therefore, role-playing encourages students to be brave in communicating, so that it will be easier to understand the second language they are learning. Teachers can use this method in teaching a second language.

Indonesia, known for its high biodiversity, is threatened due to alien plants that invade local plant species in forest areas. West Bali National Park is overgrown with invasive exotic plants, such as Lantana camara L., known locally as the kembang telek. The research aims to predict the distribution of L. camara using species distribution models (SDMs) and analysis variable contribution in the model featured in the biodiversity climate change virtual laboratory (BCCVL) application. L. camara distribution prediction model in Bali used the Bioclim data input by identifying areas of low, medium, and high habitat suitability. Central mountainous regions, including parts of Buleleng, Jembrana, Bangli, Karangasem, and Tabanan, show the highest suitability. Response curves demonstrated the correlation between climate variables and occurrence probability, highlighting the specific condition of rainfall and temperature ranges favoring Lantana's growth. The model showed a reliable AUC value of 0.89, indicating realibility. Potential improvements through additional environmental parameters were suggested. While L. camara has some potential benefits as a medicinal plant in Balinese culture, its invasive nature poses significant threats to native ecosystems. The predictive map offers valuable insights for authorities to implement initiative-taking strategies for preventing and controlling Lantanas spread in vulnerable areas of Bali.

This study is of significant importance as it sheds light on the unique concept of harmony in the culture of Rote Island, Indonesia, and its potential for global application. The study, conducted between April and November 2021, revealed that Rote Island’s harmony concept offers notable advantages, such as cultural genuineness, durability, inclusiveness, and environmental consciousness. These findings are crucial for promoting global harmony while preserving local identities. The study’s framework, based on indigenous wisdom, provides essential insights for fostering unity on a larger scale, and the articulated policies emphasize the need for additional research and efforts to enhance understanding and practical implementation of this concept across diverse cultural settings. This research was conducted using a qualitative methodology between April and November 2021. The study employed interviews, observations, and documentation analysis to gain profound insights into the harmony concept of Rote Island. The study proposes that Rote Island’s notion of harmony can serve as a beneficial paradigm for promoting global harmony while preserving local identities. It emphasizes the need for additional research and efforts to enhance understanding and practical implementation of this concept across diverse cultural settings. The revised abstract incorporates the requested changes, including the importance of the work, key results, study time, framework, methods, and central policies.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menentukan jumlah produksi dengan biaya produksi terendah pada perusahaan Manik Sari Handicraft. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada produk stop door (penghalang pintu) dan produk pembuka botol dengan menggunakan sistem perencanaan produksi agregat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah perkiraan produk yang diproduksi selama satu tahun kedepan adalah sebanyak 31.310 unit untuk produk stop door dan 22.850 unit untuk produk pembuka botol yang didasarkan pada metode peramalan moving average rata-rata 2 bulan untuk kedua produk. Metode ini dipilih karena mampu memberikan hasil standard error terkecil yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai MAPE masing-masing sebesar 20,67 persen dan 34,56 persen. Strategi perencanaan agregat dengan chase strategy menghasilkan total biaya produksi terendah sebesar Rp 125.149.613 untuk produk stop door dan Rp 91.399.854 untuk produk pembuka botol. Total biaya tersebut lebih rendah apabila dibandingkan dengan total biaya produksi level strategy dan mixed strategy pada kedua produk. Implikasi teoritis penelitian ini sebagai penambah referensi untuk akademisi-akademisi yang akan melakukan penelitian mengenai perencanaan produksi agregat terutama yang akan menggunakan strategi level strategy, chase strategy, dan mixed strategy. Implikasi praktis penelitian sebagai pertimbangan perusahaan dalam menghitung perencanaan produksi agregat.

This research aims to determine the constitutional rights of citizens through constitutional complaints based on the authority of the Constitutional Court from the perspective of Constitutional Law. Types of normative juridical research with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The data sources used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The research results show that constitutional complaints as the authority of the Constitutional Court have become an urgent need to be enforced in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The authority for constitutional complaints to the Constitutional Court is eliminated, the legal implication of which is to create protection for the human rights of Indonesian citizens from actions by government officials or individuals who injure citizens' human rights and recognition of the Constitution. The Court as an institution has the authority to submit constitutional complaints to the Constitutional Court. Authorised institution. Guardian of the Constitution. The Constitutional Court protects the constitutional rights of citizens if their constitutional rights are violated by the provisions of the law so that the law is then declared to be contrary to the Constitution. The possibility of violations of citizens' constitutional rights does not only occur through normative provisions in law. There are many ways and opportunities for citizens' constitutional rights violations, whether by the authorities or other parties. This is where we learn the importance of the Constitutional Complaints mechanism at the Constitutional Court.

The development of sustainable tourism villages is anticipated to optimally fulfill three key indicators: cultural sustainability, environmental sustainability, and economic sustainability. However, numerous challenges persist, including the dynamics of authenticity and commodification, tourism political domination and hegemony, as well as the strengthening of traditional institutions. This research focuses on examining the implementation of cultural, environmental, and economic strengthening within the Pinge Tourism Village amidst tourism hegemony. Utilizing qualitative methods and a comprehensive literature review, the study reveals that cultural strengthening efforts include maintaining daily life traditions such as farming, traditional sewing (mejejahitan), flower picking, dance learning, and traditional hunting (metekap/nenggala) during specific seasons. Notably, no specific tour packages are designed exclusively for tourism, ensuring that traditions in Pinge continue as the primary focus, with the tourism village management involving elements from the traditional community. These actions represent efforts to preserve the authenticity of Pinge’s cultural products. The research also finds that the planning, development, and operations of the Pinge Tourism Village are driven by the local community, which prevents external hegemony. All societal levels contribute to the development of the tourism village. This study offers practical insights into cultural implementation for strengthening tourism villages and provides an academic contribution by proposing a cultural strengthening model for the sustainability of tourism villages with characteristics similar to those of Pinge. Abstrak Pengembangan desa wisata berkelanjutan diharapkan dapat memenuhi secara optimal tiga indikator utama: keberlanjutan budaya, keberlanjutan lingkungan, dan keberlanjutan ekonomi. Namun, dalam mewujudkannya, desa wisata masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, termasuk dinamika autentisitas versus komodifikasi, dominasi politik pariwisata, hegemoni, serta perlunya penguatan kelembagaan tradisional. Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengkaji implementasi penguatan budaya, lingkungan, dan ekonomi dalam perkembangan Desa Wisata Pinge di tengah hegemoni pariwisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan didukung oleh tinjauan pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan budaya dilakukan melalui pelaksanaan tradisi kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat desa, seperti bertani, menjahit, memetik bunga, belajar menari, dan metekap/nenggala pada musimnya, tanpa membuat paket wisata khusus. Tradisi di Desa Adat Pinge tetap menjadi prioritas utama dengan pengelolaan yang melibatkan unsur Desa Adat Pinge. Implementasi tradisi sehari-hari sebagai produk budaya merupakan upaya menjaga keaslian produk budaya Desa Wisata Pinge. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa perencanaan, pengembangan, dan operasional Desa Wisata Pinge berasal dari masyarakat setempat, sehingga tidak terdapat hegemoni dalam pengembangan. Semua lapisan masyarakat dilibatkan dalam pengembangan desa wisata. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi praktis terkait dengan implementasi budaya dalam rangka penguatan eksistensi desa wisata dan kontribusi akademis berupa model penguatan budaya yang dapat diterapkan pada desa wisata lain yang memiliki karakteristik serupa dengan Desa Wisata Pinge untuk menjaga keberlanjutan budaya.

Background: Trikatu (TR) is an Ayurvedic formulation that consists of three pungent medicinal ingredients: long pepper fruit, black pepper, and ginger rhizome. However, the strong pungency of the TR constituents poses challenges for oral administration. Therefore, the formulation of TR in the form of essential oils for aromatherapy could be considered to overcome this challenge. Aim of the study: This study aimed to determine the contribution of black pepper (BP), Javanese long pepper (JLP), and red ginger (RG) to the GCMS– metabolite profile of Trikatu (TR) essential oil and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant activities. Methods: The essential oils from BP, JLP, and RG were extracted using the stahl hydro-distillation method. Phytochemical profiling was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed with the help of R packages of factoMiner and factoExtra to examine the metabolite distributions. Antioxidant activities of TR, BP, JLP, and RG essential oils was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Results: The GC–MS analysis of BP, JLP, RG, and TR essential oils revealed the presence of 11 common compound, including linalool, caryophyllene, and beta-bisabolene. PCA showed different patterns of compound abundance across the samples. For example, linalool was more abundant in TR samples, while gamma-bisabolene was more in JLP samples. The antioxidant activities of TR, BP, JLP, and RG essential oils were significantly different, with RG showing the lowest IC50 value 2.73 ± 0.09 mg/mL, indicating higher antioxidant potential compared to BP and JLP. Conclusions: This study highlights the unique metabolite profiles in RG, BP, JLP, and TR essential oils, which contribute significantly to their bioactive properties, particularly antioxidant activity. RG essential oil plays a significant role in enhancing the antioxidant potential of TR. These insights support broader applications in aromatherapy, wellness, and healthcare, where TR essential oil can be used for antioxidant support, stress relief, and as a natural supplement. Future research may further optimize these essential oils for targeted therapeutic and preventive applications.

BACKGROUND Malaria remains one of the major causes of death worldwide. Holothuria scabra has a high nutritional content and many biological effects. The development of alternative anti-malarial drugs is necessary, considering that resistance to the newest anti-malarial drugs has been reported. This research study aimed to determine the anti-malarial effects of Holothuria scabra in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. METHODS This was a post-test only control group study conducted on 24 Balb/c mice. Peter’s four-day suppressive test was employed to ascertain the claimed anti-plasmodial effect of the simplicia. Following inoculation with P. berghei, all 24 mice were infected and randomized into 4 groups, namely 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. The control group was given carboxymethyl cellulose, two of the treatment groups were given doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg BW Holothuria scabra, respectively, using Peter’s four-day suppressive test, while the remaining treatment group received a dose of 100 mg/kgBW using the prophylactic method. Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA. RESULTS The results showed by using both the four-day suppressive test and the prophylactic method, that Holothuria scabra has antimalarial activity. Holothuria scabra at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW was significantly effective in decreasing the percentage of parasitemia (p=0.000) and tended to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium berghei in mice (p=0.054). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Holothuria scabra possesses anti-plasmodial activity in mice. Hence, the sea cucumber could serve as a potential source of a newer antimalarial agent.

Pokak plant, also known as takokak or prickly nightshade (Solanum torvum Sw.), belongs to the Solanaceae family. The part of the plant commonly utilized was its leaves. Takokak leaves contained numerous bioactive components that can be developed into one of the functional foods, such as herbal tea. One crucial aspect in the herbal tea-making process is the drying temperature. The aimed of this research was to investigate the effect of drying temperature variations on the characteristics of takokak leaves herbal tea and to determined the optimal temperature that can yield the best characteristics of takokak leaf herbal tea. Parameters observed in this study included total phenols, total flavonoids, total tannins, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties comprising hedonic tests on color, taste, aroma, and overall acceptances. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and if there was a significant effect of treatment on the results (P

Recognizing pneumonia sufferers can be done by analyzing chest X-ray images. Pneumonia sufferers experience pleural effusion, where fluid is between the lungs’ layers. It causes the lungs’ X-ray picture to be cloudy or hazy. It differs from the appearance of X-rays on normal lungs which are dark in color. These differences in X-Ray images can be classified automatically with the help of Artificial Intelligence This research used convolutional neural networks and support vector machine methods to recognize X-ray images of pneumonia. This research applied Principal Component Analysis and Wavelet Transformation support to both methods. This research aimed to evaluate the performance of each model combination. The PCA-SVM model gave the best performance, with an accuracy of 94.545% and an F1 score of 94.675%. The SVM model outperforms the CNN model in recognizing images; in this case, it could be due to the relatively small amount of training data.

Desa Lolo Wano, Kecamatan Tanarighu di Kabupaten Sumba Barat merupakan desa yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam daerah kritis air, terutama air bersih. Untuk mengatasi kondisi kritis air tersebut, dapat dilakukan melalui rencana pembangunan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) dengan memanfaatkan air dari sumber mata air Wee Tame yang berada di kawasan hutan desa Lolo Wano. Metode penyediaan air untuk penduduk desa Lolo Wano dilakukan dengan system pompa dari sumber mata air (El. +97,52 m) menuju Reservoir 1 (El. +231,65 m) dan pengaliran pada pipa transmisi menuju daerah layanan memakai system pengaliran gravitasi. Pipa pompa memakai jenis pipa galvanis (GIV) diameter 2,5 inch panjang 681 m. Pipa transmisi mepergunakan pipa HDPE (High Density Pollyetheline) dengan diameter 2,5 inch menuju ke desa Lokory sepanjang 1.428,53 m dan diameter 1,5 inch untuk desa Lolo Wano sepanjang 976 m. Sistem pompa didapat daya pompa 10,188 kW. Untuk membangkitkab daya pompa dibutuhkan arus start 68,391 Ampere.

Latar Belakang: Atrial septal defect (ASD) merupakan kelainan jantung asianotik yang paling sering terjadi, sekitar 10% dari pasien dewasa dengan kelainan jantung kongenital. Atrial septal defect (ASD) di klasifikasikan menjadi 4 tipe berdasarkan bagian atrium septum yang gagal terbentuk, yaitu ostium sekundum (85%), ostium primum (10%), sinus venosus (5%) dan defek koronari sinus (jarang). Kasus: Laki laki usia 55 tahun dengan kasus hernia inguinalis lateralis dekstra reponible dengan ASD dan hipertensi pulmonal derajat sedang. Pasien dilakukan insersi epidural kateter di L4-L5 setelah di konfirmasi dengan loss of resistance dengan saline dan test dose. Regimen epidural yang diberikan bupivacaine 0,25% + lidocaine 1% volume 10 mL. Intraoperatif diberikan titrasi norepinephrine dengan dosis titrasi 0,15-0,3 mcg/kgBB/menit dan tirasi dobutamine 2,5-5 mcg/kgBB/menit. Pengobatan postoperatif analgesia pengobatan epidural bupivacaine 0,0625% + morfin 0,5 mg volume 10 mL tiap 12 jam, dan parasetamol 500 mg tiap 6 jam tablet untuk obat analgesia. Pembahasan: Teknik anestesi epidural dipilih karena memiliki onset yang lebih lama dan hemodinamik variasi yang lebih kurang dibandingkan dengan teknik anestesi spinal atau kombinasi teknik spinal-epidural. Sedangkan teknik general anestesi tidak dipilih karena berisiko terhadap resistensi vaskular pulmonal dan dapat mengubah arah shunting. Prinsip dari penanganan ASD adalah untuk mempertahankan cardiac output dan menghindari adanya penurunan dari resistensi sistemik vaskular. Mempertahankan resistensi sistemik vaskular berdsarkan dengan mean arterial pressure sehingga menghindari adanya perubahan arah shunt. Kesimpulan: Pada laporan kasus ini dapat kami simpulkan bahwa teknik anestesi epidural dapat diterapkan secara aman pada kasus herniotomi dengan komorbid ASD dengan hiperetensi pulmonal.

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mempelajari efek dari memberikan vitamin C kepada pakan ikan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila yang terinfeksi oleh Aeromonas hydrophila. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu A digunakan sebagai kontrol, sementara perlakuan B, C, dan D masing-masing melibatkan penambahan vitamin C pada pakan sebanyak 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, dan 1500 mg/kg dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Digunakan ikan nila dengan ukuran ±25 cm dan berat 200-250 g dimana pada setiap ulangan diisi 5 ekor ikan. Semua perlakuan diberi infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila dengan kepadatan 106 CFU/mL. Infeksi dilakukan dengan melarutkan hasil kultur bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dalam air media pemeliharaan. Vitamin C diberikan dengan dosis berbeda menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang berbeda secara signifikan (P0,05). Perlakuan B menunjukkan pertumbuhan berat dan panjang tertinggi yaitu 66,7 g dan 3,09 cm. Perlakuan B menunjukkan kelangsungan hidup terbaik dengan persentase 86,7%. Rentang nilai kualitas air dianggap memadai untuk mengoptimalkan kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan. Dengan suhu berkisar antara 27,58-27,72°C, DO 4,10-4,65 mg/L, dan pH 7,48-7,56. Penambahan vitamin C dapat mengoptimalkan kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan ikan nila serta mempengaruhi nilai pertumbuhan panjang dan pertumbuhan berat tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup.

Highlights: 1. This study assessed the immunomodulatory potential of Moringa oleifera, which may serve as a natural source for antimalarial treatment. 2. Moringa oleifera extract can act as an immunomodulator due to its suppressive effect on Plasmodium berghei infection. Abstract Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. In Indonesia, this disease remains a health concern that must be resolved. Due to its high prevalence in eastern Indonesia, it is a challenge to eradicate this disease. Moringa oleifera contains various substances that are believed to have antimalarial activity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in increasing immune cells and eradicating parasites by using mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. The research was conducted in vivo on BALB/c strain mice (n=40) that were already infected with Plasmodium berghei. Moringa oleifera leaf extract at 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations was administered orally every day to the mice, while a peripheral blood smear was performed to evaluate parasitemia levels and macrophage activation. A complete blood count was also performed after all tests on the mice were completed. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with a=0.05 and 95% confidence interval (CI). The results showed that the administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract at 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations caused varying degrees of parasitemia compared to the negative group (p

Highlights: 1. The significance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, which are more likely to infect immunocompromised patients, needed to be researched in greater depth. 2. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was found to form significantly more biofilm than Staphylococcus aureus. 3. Wound care and changing medical devices in immunocompromised patients on a regular basis may provide benefits to prevent biofilm formation by Staphylococcus spp. Abstract Staphylococcus spp. are typically commensal microorganisms that can exist in the human body without causing illness. However, these bacteria have virulence factors, e.g., biofilm formation, that are important to note. Because biofilms shield bacteria from opsonophagocytosis and antimicrobial agents, they can cause persistent or chronic infections. Once they form biofilms, both Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) can potentially cause incurable infections. This study aimed to compare biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus as a guide for the prevention and management of infection, which will maintain and improve the good health of the general population. This was an analytic research with a cross-sectional design. The study began by collecting the samples, identifying the species, and testing the biofilm production with a microtiter plate, which was then analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Comparison tests were conducted using an independent t-test. A value of p

Library is an institution that collects printed and recorded knowledge, manages it in a particular way to meet the intellectual needs of its users through various ways of knowledge interaction. In 2021, Indonesia provided 4605 active educational institutions, ranging from universities to community academies. All these institutions are obliged to provide library to create a better learning environment, by providing source of references for each course delivered by the institution. This obligation is encouraged by the government by considering library support within the accreditation system. In this accreditation system, a library should allocate books as a source of reference to each course. This establishes a paradigm that library is where we store books and where a member of the institution may borrow, learn, and return those aforementioned books. Today, educational institution deals with not only books but also thesis, dissertation, technical report, training/workshop report, research paper, etc. Authors believe it will be prudent to leave all these documents of knowledge to librarians, by changing the library's paradigm from managing books to managing knowledge. This study proposes a model of Knowledge Management System as a transformation from Library Management System. This study also explains about expected opportunities and benefits after the transformation.

Sampah merupakan suatu hal yang selalu ada dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Semua yang beraktivitas pasti akan menghasilkan sampah dan begitu juga yang terjadi di Desa Pitra Kecamatan Penebel Kabupaten Tabanan. Dalam observasi yang telah di lakukan di awal KKN terdapat beberapa tempat di daerah desa yang belum mempunyai tempat pembuangan sampah jadi warga sering membuang sampah tidak pada tempatnya. Ada juga yang membuang sampah di blakang rumah atau di daerah tertentu.sampah yang menumpuk menyebabkan bau yang tidak sedap dan mencemari lingkungan. Pembuatan tempat sampah menjadi sebuah solusi untuk memberikan sebuah fasilitas pada warga agar warga bisa membuang sampah pada tempatnya. Di harapakan dengan pembuatan tempat sampah ini warga menjadi terbiasa membuang sampah pada tempatnya.Tempat sampah merupakan hal yang tidak asing lagi di sekitar kita, namun keberadaan tempat sampah belum tentu merupakan hal yang baik, bahkan fungsinya pun tidak dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik karena sampah yang ada di dalamnya tidak sesuai dengan letak atau fungsinya. Dengan pembuatan tempat sampah ini di harpakan desa dapat meneruskan pemuatan tempat sampah sini untuk di bagikan setiap harga di desa.

Religion has long been associated with peace, compassion, and noble human values. Meanwhile, conflicts involving religious differences continue to occur in Indonesia. This research investigated the behavior and interactions of religious communities in Malang, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative approach with participatory observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The Social Capital theory of Pierre Bourdieu, which does not distinguish between the roles of actors and structures, was used to assess the social interaction in interfaith communication. The results indicated that religious communities can coexist harmoniously, as induced by local wisdom as cultural capital and inheritance. The religious community, including Muslims, Hindus, and Christians, believe they originated from the same ancestor. Even in the same family, people from different religions coexist harmoniously. This study contributes to the role of community leaders as charismatic, traditional, and legal actors that should not be underestimated in creating harmonious interactions through local cultural events. These community leaders can provide their communities with direction and assist them in avoiding conflicts. Finally, Harmony based on regional knowledge will lead to lasting peace.

The development of a village into a sustainable tourism village is expected to be able to optimally meet cultural sustainability indicators. To realize cultural sustainability in the development of tourism villages in Bali, there are still challenges in strengthening culture such as the dynamics of authenticity and commodification, tourism political domination and hegemony, as well as strengthening traditional institutions. In order to increase the competitiveness of tourism, especially from the pillar of sustainable tourism villages, aspects of authenticity and commodification can increase their contribution to the local and national economy through the implementation of internationalization, traditionalization, and sacred versus profane; aspects of tourism political domination and hegemony through the implementation of policies related to the development of tourism villages; and aspects of strengthening traditional institutions through involving all levels of village society and community institutions in the village in relation to supporting the development of culture-based tourism villages, as well as revitalizing groups (sekaha-sekaha) that produce creative work to strengthen the development of tourism products in tourism villages and strengthen the image of a tourism village.

Bali is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Indonesia. As one of the islands in a tropical country, Bali has its own risk of disease transmission. The increasing number and pattern of international travelers can affect morbidity and mortality. Research on disease problems among international travelers in travel destination countries is rarely reported. This study examines health problems concerning foreign tourists visiting hospitals in Bali. This cross-sectional study used total sampling on all medical records of international travelers visiting an international hospital in Bali. A total of 999 medical records were analyzed in this study. The mean age of the patients was 35.55 years. Most patients were female (53.9%) and used travel insurance (55.3%). Most health problems are complaints in the gastrointestinal system (22.3%). The primary health problem is the gastrointestinal system. Most patients use insurance to finance their health.

This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of kurut wood and jackfruit wood on the yield, pH, and percentage of reducing sugars of palm sugar. This experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consists of 6 treatments, i.e., 0 g/L, 3 g/L, 4 g/L, 5 g/L, 6 g/L, and 7 g/L. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Co-Stat software and posthoc analysis for chemical score using Orthogonal Polynomial Method (MOP). Statistical analysis of chemical value shows that the increase in the concentration of kurut wood and jackfruit wood (0 g/L – 7 g/L) significantly affects the decrease of the total microbe and percentage of reducing sugars, and the increase of the amount of yield, palm juice, and sugar pH. The 7 g/L treatment was the best, with different analysis results for kurut wood and jackfruit wood. In kurut wood, the total microbes counted 5.46 CFU/ml; yield 495.33g; pH 6.72; and reducing sugar 0.96. In jackfruit wood, total microbes counted 5.6 CFU/ml; yield 386.33g; pH 6.68; and reducing sugar 0.85.

Proyek Pembangunan Gedung BKS-LPD Kabupaten Karangasem mengalami keterlambatan akibat force majeure yang mengharuskan terjadinya perubahan kontrak (addendum) guna memberikan kesempatan kepada Penyedia Barang atau Jasa untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan. Penelitian sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa perubahan kontrak kerja (addendum) memiliki pengaruh terhadap biaya dan waktu pekerjaan. Tujuan pelaksanaan riset yaitu mengetahui hasil analisis pengaruh perubahan kontrak akibat force majeure menggunakan program SPSS dan SmartPLS. Metode riset yang digunakan ialah dengan menguji kembali hasil kuisioner yang telah disebarkan pada penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan alat bantu program SPSS dan SmartPLS. Pengujian kembali dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui gap hasil analisis penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan SPSS dengan hasil analisis dari program SmartPLS serta mengecek ketelitian dari masing-masing program statistik tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan SPSS, addendum memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya sebesar 12,6%. Sedangkan terhadap mutu dan waktu, pengaruh addendum tidak signifikan hanya sebesar 4,9% dan 0,4%. Pada program SmartPLS, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa addendum memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya dan mutu masing-masing sebesar 11,9% dan 12,6%. Terhadap waktu, pengaruh addendum tidak signifikan karena hanya sebesar 0,4%. Perbedaan hasil analisis antara program SPSS dan SmartPLS terutama pada hubungan addendum dengan mutu timbul akibat perbedaan margin atau batasan syarat uji validitas yang cukup jauh dalam keperluan untuk memenuhi syarat dari masing-masing program statistik tersebut. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak indikator variabel yang dihilangkan pada saat analisis menggunakan program SmartPLS.

Teachers are faced with numerous difficulties during the COVID-19 Pandemic, particularly in ensuring that the learning process continues to run smoothly in the face of uncertainty. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between learning agility and commitment to change among preschool teachers. The sample in this study were 118 preschool teachers in Buleleng District. The results indicated that there is a significantly positive relationship between learning agility and commitment to change, r (118) = 0.234, p < 0.01. Further results showed that learning agility is also correlated with two dimensions of commitment to change, namely affective commitment to change r (118) = 0.438, p < 0.01 and normative commitment to change r (118) = 0.181, p < 0.05. The results contribute to theoretical advances in understanding learning agility and commitment to change as well as promoting the success of change in early childhood educational institution.

This study aimed to test the antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria and fungi isolates of soursop (Annona muricata L.) in inhibiting the growth of E.coli, S. epidermidis, and C. albicans. The stages of the research were the isolation of endophytic bacteria, antimicrobial assay, and characterization of potential endophytic bacteria and fungi. Endophytic microbial was isolated from leaves, bark, and root of soursop taken from Praya, Central Lombok. The agar diffusion method was used in the antimicrobial activity assay. Characterization was carried out on endophytic microbes with antimicrobial activity based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial activity test results showed that none of the endophytic bacteria and fungi isolates had intense activity inhibiting the test microbes' growth. Isolates with code DN3, DNX, and AKRX had medium activity against E. coli, isolates with code AKR1 had medium activity against S. epidermidis, and isolates with code DN2 AKRX had medium activity against C.albicans. The research results showed that the endophytic bacteria from soursop plants could inhibit the growth of test microbes in the weak to moderate.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kepuasan kerja dalam memediasi pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap komitmen organisasional karyawan PT. ABI Badung. Penelitian dilakukan di PT. ABI Badung. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah x probability sampling dan jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 165 orang. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis jalur, uji asumsi klasik dan uji sobel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Kepuasan kerja memediasi secara parsial pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap komitmen organisasional. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah dibutuhkannya kepedulian perusahaan PT. ABI Badung terhadap kecerdasan emosional yang dimiliki masing-masing karyawannya. Kepedulian ini akan mendorong munculnya rasa puas dan komitmen karyawan karena merasa dihargai dan diperhatikan oleh perusahaan. Kata Kunci : Komitmen Organisasional; Kecerdasan Emosional; Kepuasan Kerja

Decreased blood supply, high blood sugar level, and a possibility of bacterial infection in diabetic wounds pose risk for limb loss and mortality. Therefore, proper wound care is needed to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients. Vitex trifolia L (Legundi) extract is reported to have antibacterial and antioxidant activity that enhances cell proliferation and migration. The antimicrobial and hemostatic properties of chitosan film are viewed as an ideal material for enhancing wound healing. The film should retain its integrity and flexibility while used on the skin, therefore chitosan was combined with PVA and PVP K30 to improve its quality. The objectives of this study were to optimize the concentration of chitosan, PVP K30, and PVA towards the Legundi extract film properties, and to evaluate its wound healing activity on hyperglycemic mice using an incision wound model. In this study, the film’s compositions were optimized using a simplex lattice design, and the effects of its components on their characteristics, such as thickness, weight, folding endurance, swelling rate, and swelling index, were evaluated. BALB/c Mice were divided into three groups (Group I, Group II, Group III) which were treated with normal saline, placebo film, and Legundi film respectively once daily for 8 days. The result suggested that chitosan and PVA were responsible for affecting the film’s thickness, weight, and folding endurance, whilst PVP K30 was the dominant factor in increasing the swelling index and rate of the film. The optimum formula of Legundi extract films consists of 1.15 %(b/v) chitosan, 1.25 %(b/v) PVP K30, and 1.6 %(b/v) PVA. The animal treated with Legundi extract film have higher wound closure compared to the control and placebo group four days after wound incision (p

Ageratina riparia is an invasive alien species that get a particular attention in “Eka Karya” Bali Botanical Garden. This study aims to determine the abundance of invasive alien species A. riparia on forest floor vegetation in “Eka Karya” Bali Botanical Garden, and the factors that influence its abundance. Ageratina riparia is an invasive herb that can disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. The advantages of this plant in reproducing and adapting to the environment, make this plant very easy to grow and develop in a habitat. The purposive sampling method was used with the plot that placed systematically. The research area divided into five research stations with 10 plots (2 x 2 m) for each station. Vegetation data were analyzed to determine the density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, and important value index (INP), then completed with Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H'), dominancy index (C), evenness index (E) and visualization abundance of species A. riparia of with Non-metric Multi Dimensional Scaling (NMDS). Environmental data is calculated analyses in Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). The results showed that A. riparia at station 1 (Kawasan Kepala Burung) had an INP of 62.50%, station 2 (Taman Usada) with an INP of 52.40%, station 3 (Taman Cyathea) with an INP of 89.09%, station 4 (middle open area) with an INP of 110.25%, and the highest is at station 5 (Taman Upacara Panca Yadnya) with an INP value of 118.92%. The presence of A. riparia can be influenced by all environmental factors measured such as air humidity, soil moisture, soil pH, air temperature and soil temperature, altitude, land slope, and light intensity.

Background: 35% Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an active material for internal bleaching produce free radicals that can affect the adhesive system. Application of 10% and 35% green tea (GT) extract as an antioxidant after 2 minutes are expected can remove free radical residues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of 10% and 35% GT extract after 2 minutes of application on dentin shear bond strength and resin tags penetration depth after non-vital bleaching. Methods: The crown part of 30 extracted healthy human premolars were cut horizontally 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction, then split in mesio-distal direction. The specimens were divided into five groups: normal dentin, post-bleaching dentin, delayed 2 weeks, 10% GT, and 35% GT group. Non-vital walking bleach with 35% H2O2 gel was done to all groups except control group. Soon after, 10% and 35% GT extract gel were applied on dentin for 2 minutes, then the specimens were rinsed off with distilled water for 2 minutes and dried. All specimens were etched and bonded with an etch-and-rinse adhesive system and filled with resin composite. The shear bond strength assessment was done using a Universal Testing Machine with a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Confocal laser scanning microscopy with a wavelength of 560 nm and a lens magnification of 40x was used to analyze the resin tag penetration. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: There was a significant difference in resin tag penetration depth and shear bond strength between 10% and 35% GT group (p < 0.05). The 35% GT group resulted in a significantly longer resin tag penetration than the 10% GT group. Conclusions: The application of 35% GT extract is more effective than 10% GT extract as an antioxidant for increasing the shear bond strength of composite resin after internal bleaching.

Taxpayer compliance problems in Indonesia are still occurring as reflected in the compliance ratio which has not reached the maximum percentage. This condition prompted the government to stipulate Law Number 9 of 2017 concerning Access to Financial Information for Tax Purposes in the hope that taxpayers will not be absent from paying taxes. However, the enactment of this law has interesting pros and cons to study, how effective it is in supporting taxation interests in Indonesia and in Denpasar, Bali in particular. This research is empirical study with a fact approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing the head of the DJP for the Bali region, the Head of the Lmats Consulting Tax Consulting Office, and the taxpayers. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Law No. 9 of 2017 concerning Access to Financial Information for Tax Purposes has been going well. The supporting factor for the implementation of Law No. 9 of 2017 is the support from the DPR and the ministries which led to the passing of Law No. 9 of 2017. The inhibiting factor for the implementation of Law No. 9 of 2017 is the limited number of IT staff at DGT and also banking which causes technical problems related to the reporting of financial data, besides that the lack of quantity of human resources owned by DGT, especially in the IT field, causes implementation to be disrupted. Based on the data obtained regarding the ratio of taxpayer compliance in Indonesia during the period 2017 to 2021, it was found that there was a significant increase in taxpayer compliance. This increase in taxpayer compliance indicates that the implementation of Law No. 9 of 2017 in Indonesia has been effective in increasing taxpayer compliance.

Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of brand positioning, brand image, and perceived price on the repurchase intention of low-cost carrier consumers. Design/Methods/Approach: This study uses a purposive sampling technique to obtain a sample of 400 respondents who had used Citilink airline from I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport. Data collection techniques are carried out by distributing online questionnaires using a Likert Scale points 1 to 5, which have been analyzed using SmartPLS 4 through the measurement model test (outer model), and structural model test (inner model). Findings: The findings show that brand positioning has a positive effect on the repurchase intention of consumers of a low-cost carrier, brand image has a positive effect on the repurchase intention of consumers low-cost carrier, and the perceived price has a positive effect on the repurchase intention of consumers low-cost carrier. Originality: This research adds dimensions to the variables of brand positioning, brand image, and perceived price and combines them to determine their effect on the repurchase intention of Indonesian low-cost airlines. Practical/Policy Implications: Identifying the results of the variable brand positioning, brand image, and perceived price can measure repurchase intention for low-cost carrier consumers. This study provides low-cost carriers that the right brand positioning strategy, positive image, and price can create a consumer repurchase intention.

Impacting the community does not always mean creating exponential growth, it can also mean bringing small and sustainable changes to improve people’s quality of life. Living in a developing country, we had a first-hand experience of seeing life in underprivileged communities. This experience expanded our desire to serve communities around us. However, due to the emergence of COVID-19 in Indonesia, most of the plans to contribute to our community were halted. Strict outbreak control measures, which restricted people’s mobility, prohibited visits to these underprivileged communities.

The purpose of this study was to identify the utilization of colonial heritage as a tourist attraction in the development of tourism. The writing of this article uses a method of data collection through document studies. The use of colonial heritage in several countries raises different views. The understanding of inheritance in general is influenced by a variety of dynamics. The utilization of colonial heritage in the development of tourism in a country raises pros and cons among the local population. On the one hand, it has the view that the uniqueness of colonial heritage can be a tourist attraction aimed at obtaining income for the community and the country. In addition, colonial heritage can also be used as a regional or national identity. But other parties argue, colonial heritage can remind people of the past so that its use can cause unpleasant memories. The economic benefits arising from the development of the tourism sector are an important factor in building preservation decisions and acknowledging colonial heritage has an important role so much effort is made for conservation. Some colonial heritage still survives and reveals the country's history and the identity of its citizens, serving as administrative and business venues as well as tourist attractions.

The creative industry places an emphasis on the creativity of a product, the understanding that the creator is known and has a copyright. In addition, the creative industry has links with the cultural industry, because its products are components of culture. When market tastes lead to post-industry, it is found that creative industry products consumed by tourism experience a change from homogeneous to heterogeneous with mass production. Changes in market tastes encourage the emergence of highly varied creative art products, as a result of the creative economy industry. The entry of the creative economy industry into the realm of culture, which then develops into the cultural industry, apart from growing the local and national economy, also has an impact on cultural components, especially from the aspects of authenticity and commodification. The areas affected include performing arts, tourism, entertainment, fashion, craft products, and culinary. In order to increase the competitiveness of Indonesian tourism, especially from the cultural pillar, the aspects of authenticity and commodification can increase its contribution to the local and national economy through the implementation of internationalization, traditionalization, and sacred versus profane.

Women are often positioned as marginal people in various fields of life, including the position of Balinese women in managing tourism in Bali. This article aims to analyze the position of Balinese women in tourism management in Bali. This research is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive analysis. This research found that Balinese women are very enthusiastic as homeworkers because they are related to domestic activities. These symptoms are related to the ideological superstructure and work ethic. This study also found that social structure and material infrastructure strengthen the work ethic. Balinese women think that work is yadnya, needs to be carried out and practiced to improve self-quality. Even though Balinese women experience injustice in the management of tourism in Bali, they are still eager to earn a living. Abstrak Perempuan sering diposisikan sebagai kaum marginal dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan, termasuk posisi perempuan Bali dalam pengelolaan pariwisata di Bali. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis posisi perempuan Bali dalam pengelolaan pariwisata di Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan perempuan Bali amat bergairah sebagai pekerja rumahan karena berkaitan dengan kegiatan domestik. Gejala ini terkait dengan superstruktur ideologi dan etos kerja. Penelitian ini juga menemukan struktur sosial dan infrastruktur material memberikan penguatan terhadap etos kerja. Perempuan Bali menganggap kerja adalah yadnya, perlu dilaksanakan serta diamalkan untuk peningkatan kualitas diri. Meskipun perempuan Bali mengalami ketidakadilan dalam pengelolaan pariwisata di Bali, namun mereka tetap bersemangat untuk memperoleh nafkah.

This study aimed to examine the effect of the disputes classification in the industrial settlement system, comparing arrangements according to the perspective of the International Labor Organization, China, Japan, and Kazakhstan, and trying to find the ideal concept of the type of industrial dispute to apply in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research. The approaches used in this study were the statutory approach, conceptual approach, fact approach, and comparative approach. The results revealed that the classification of disputes in the industrial relations settlement system in Indonesia has an impact on the difficulty of the parties in classifying their disputes. Comparative studies were conducted to determine the classification of disputes in international law as well as in China, Japan, and Kazakhstan. The ideal concept that can be offered to Indonesia is the simplification or elimination of the classification of industrial relations to provide dispute resolution by applying the principles of fast, precise, fair, and inexpensive methods.

Coffee became a beverage that was in demand in the world and consequently produced millions of tons of coffee byproducts namely coffee silverskin (CS). Unutilized CS will be waste and cause environmental pollution such as greenhouse gas emissions, landfill waste, and groundwater contamination. This is a research concern at this time, although many studies have been conducted to find newer applications of CS, exploration of its benefits in the health sector is still limited. Therefore, exploring the benefits of CS to prevent or delay aging will be very interesting to develop in functional food industry technology. Therefore, this study aims to report profiling metabolites or phytochemicals, biological activities in terms of antioxidant activity, and potential anti-aging of CS via molecular docking simulation and in vitro modulation of the mTOR/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Something new has been obtained from this work, the profile of phytocompounds, and biological activities both in molecular docking simulation and in vitro studies. Some of the compounds observed in Robusta CS extract (rCSE) such as Epicatechin, Kaempferol, and Quercitrin, and Arabica CS extract (aCSE) such as (+)-Catechin dan Naringin have promising potential as inhibitors of iNOS, mTOR, and HIF-1α via molecular docking simulation. Interestingly, the in vitro biological activity assay of antioxidant and anti-aging activity, rCSE showed the same promising potential as the results of a molecular docking simulation. More interestingly, AMPK/SIRT1/mTOR expressions are well modulated by rCSE compared to aCSE significantly (p < 0.05). This makes the rCSE have promising biological activity as a candidate for functional food development and/or treatment agent in combating free radicals that cause the aging process. In vivo studies and human trials are certainly needed to see the further efficacy of the rCSE in the future.

In the Hindu community in Bali, it is known that there are various kinds of satay that are used for complete ceremonies. One of the many satays is sate renteng or jerimpen from the Baha Tourism Village which has a unique value. Therefore, this study examines sate renteng or jerimpen in order to find the aesthetic value as well as the form, function, and meaning of sate renteng or jerimpen in the cultural life of the Baha Tourism Village community. This study found that the form of sate renteng or jerimpen at upakara in the Baha Tourism Village was formed with a banana tree trunk, on top of which satay was placed consisting of satay lembat, satay katik 3, satay katik 4, satay katik 5, satay katik 7, pipid, apit surang, kepuh stump, squeeze, penyeneng, chakra, umbul-umbul, pajeng, garuda, and kekuwung. As a complement to the offerings, you can get tumpeng 7, slashes, jerimpen jaja and gebogan. The function of sate renteng or jerimpen is as a means to ask for or get happiness and success, to be kept away from all dangers, and to always be successful in life. While the meanings contained in the making of sate renteng or jerimpen are the meaning of Tattwa Education (philosophy), Moral Education (ethics), and Ceremonial Education (ritual).

A long-term oral administration of NSAID and DMARD on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment may cause gastritis, kidney, and cardiovascular disorder. One of the alternative therapies that have been investigated is by using herbal medicine such as Curcuma longa Linn. which contains curcumin and essential oils. Even though both compounds are quite effective in treating RA, poor aqueous solubility and low intestinal absorption limit their oral bioavailability. To overcome these drawbacks, transdermal delivery was chosen as an alternative route of administration. This study was aimed to formulate the Curcuma longa Linn. oleoresin into a transdermal non-aqueous gel system using Carbopol 934 and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (4.25:0.75 %) as the gelling agent. In this study, multiple solvents (PEG 400, PG, glycerin, ethanol, and tween 20) were used in the system. The solvents were chosen based on their ability to dissolve the gelling agents. Optimization was done using a simplex lattice design based on the physical characteristics (viscosity, pH, spreadability, and adhesivity) of the prepared gel. The system with the optimum concentration of PEG 400 and PG was then observed for its stability and in vitro transport through snakeskin membrane using Franz diffusion cell with PBS pH 7.4 as acceptor medium. The optimal formula was comprised of 75% PEG and 25% PG which has a viscosity of 6.34+0.19 dPa.s, adhesivity of 6.05+0.11 seconds, pH of 5.16+0.09, spreadability of 6.94+0.06 cm, and quite stable after freeze-thaw cycling test, whilst around 26.85% curcumin was diffused through the membrane (flux = 0.084 mg.cm-2) after 2 hours. It can be concluded that the Curcuma longa Linn. oleoresin can be formulated into a non-aqueous gel system, which showed a fair gel physical characteristic with good stability and ability to permeate across the skin membrane, and is promising to be further developed as an alternative for RA treatment.

Background: Unrelieved post-operative pain is an emerging healthcare concern with ever increasing global volume of surgical procedures. GluR1 subunit coupled with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression plays a major role in the development of post-operative pain mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor. There was no existing evidence on the analgesic potential of basil essential oil (BEO) in post-operative settings, despite its well-established antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Materials and Methods: BEO was subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis to identify the active ingredients. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of orally administrated basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil were tested in a rat model of post-operative pain using hindpaw surgical incision as noxious stimuli. TNF-α and GluR1 subunit expressions were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry methods. Spontaneous pain and mechanical hyperalgesia were measured using mouse grimace scale and Von Frey monofilament test, respectively. All outcomes were evaluated in acute post-operative pain timeframe. Results: Chemical analysis identified 14 terpenoids predominated with caryophyllene and citral. BEO administration caused a significant reduction of TNF-α (67.23 ± 2.46 vs. 70.45 ± 4.89; P = 0.019) and GluR1 (3.03 ± 0.56 vs. 3.90 ± 1.12; P = 0.005) levels at 24 h after surgical incision when compared with the control group. Significant spontaneous pain, pain threshold, and pain-like behaviors frequency reduction at 1-, 4-, and 24-h post-surgical incision were also noted. Conclusion: Effective antinociceptive activity of BEO through modulation of GluR1 and TNF-α levels was further confirmed in the behavioral outcome. Advancement into clinical translation necessitates BEO pharmacological profiling, especially given the diversity of chemotypes.

Objective: To develop a transcultural-based health education model to increase family abilities to care for type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: A cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted from May-June 2021. The study population comprised of the families of patients with diabetes in Buleleng who were included using the rule of thumb (n=180) by cluster random sampling. The variables in this study were cultural, patient, and family factors, family health functions, health education, and family abilities as measured by using a questionnaire. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Results: The results showed that the model was capable and relevant to be applied with ability 73%. Cultural factors towards family health functions (T statistics = 2.344; p= 0.020), family factors (T statistics = 6.962; p= 0.000) and, patient factors (T statistics = 1.974; p= 0.049), had a significant influence on family health function which, in turn, affected family abilities through health education (T statistics = 22.165; p= 0.000). Family factors (T statistics = 5.387; p= 0.000), and health education (T statistics = 5.127; p= 0.000) also had direct influence on family abilities. Conclusion: The education model was developed through cultural, family factors and family health functions, which could improve the ability of families to provide care. This model can be a reference to increase diabetes self-management in public health centres. Keywords: Heuristics, public health, diabetes Mellitus,

Objective: To review various quality of life questionnaires related to patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: The systematic review comprised search on SAGE, PubMed, ProQuest, Ebsco and Google Scholar databases for studies using quality of life questionnaires related to patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus published between January 2012 and January 2022 in either English or Bhasha language. Data extraction and assessment was done in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses checklist. Results: Of the 25 studies reviewed, 23(92.2%) were in the English language. They were conducted in 17(51.5%) of the 33 provinces in Indonesia. The questionnaires used were 36-item Short Form 8(32%), EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level scale 6(24%), World Health Organisation Quality of Life-Brief version 6(24%), Diabetes Quality of Life 3(12%) and Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire 2(8%). Variables associated with the quality of life of the diabetics included education, gender and age. The internal factors included glycaemic control, psychological condition, self-efficacy, perception of illness, self-care management, medication adherence, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and complications. The external factors included family support, medication counselling and pharmacists’ intervention. Conclusions: Many instruments measure quality of life related to patients of diabetes mellitus. Countries with different socio-cultural forms have different quality of life perspectives, and the assessment tool should be picked accordingly. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Glycaemic, Neutrophils, Pharmacists, Self-efficacy, Surgical mesh, Medication adherence, Lymphocytes

Documentary film is a film genre that has a very important role in human civilization. Documentary films can "revive" everything that did not exist before, so that it can be known by a wide audience through visualization and verbal information that can be accounted for. One of the functions that documentaries also have is as a cultural educational medium that is easily accessed digitally by anyone, anywhere. This writing will examine the philosophical values that are visually transformed in the Cultural Documentary Film "The Balinese Bride Makeup: Symbols and Meanings". This writing uses a qualitative descriptive method, by providing explanatory descriptions of the results of the study using Documentary Film theory (Ayawaila: 2018) and Anthropological theory (Sare: 2007). The results obtained through this paper include findings on 3 cultural philosophical values contained in the documentary films used as research objects, as follows: 1) Character Education Values; 2) Values of Roles and Responsibilities, and 3) Cultural Inheritance Values.