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2. Substituting Refined Sugars With Maple Syrup Decreases Key Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Individuals With Mild Metabolic Alterations: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Crossover Trial

Author

Morissette, Arianne, Agrinier, Anne-Laure, Gignac, Théo, Ramadan, Lamia, Diop, Khoudia, Marois, Julie, Varin, Thibault V, Pilon, Geneviève, Simard, Serge, Larose, Éric, Gagnon, Claudia, Arsenault, Benoit J, Després, Jean-Pierre, Carreau, Anne-Marie, Vohl, Marie-Claude, and Marette, André

Published
2024
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3. A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Author

Ndumele, Chiadi E., Neeland, Ian J., Tuttle, Katherine R., Chow, Sheryl L., Mathew, Roy O., Khan, Sadiya S., Coresh, Josef, Baker-Smith, Carissa M., Carnethon, Mercedes R., Després, Jean-Pierre, Ho, Jennifer E., Joseph, Joshua J., Kernan, Walter N., Khera, Amit, Kosiborod, Mikhail N., Lekavich, Carolyn L., Lewis, Eldrin F., Lo, Kevin B., Ozkan, Bige, Palaniappan, Latha P., Patel, Sonali S., Pencina, Michael J., Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M., Sperling, Laurence S., Virani, Salim S., Wright, Jackson T., Rajgopal Singh, Radhika, Elkind, Mitchell S.V., and Rangaswami, Janani

Published
2023
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7. Mendelian randomization prioritizes abdominal adiposity as an independent causal factor for liver fat accumulation and cardiometabolic diseases

Author

Gagnon, Eloi, Pelletier, William, Gobeil, Émilie, Bourgault, Jérôme, Manikpurage, Hasanga D., Maltais-Payette, Ina, Abner, Erik, Taba, Nele, Esko, Tõnu, Mitchell, Patricia L., Ghodsian, Nooshin, Després, Jean-Pierre, Vohl, Marie-Claude, Tchernof, André, Thériault, Sébastien, and Arsenault, Benoit J.

Published
2022
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8. Collaboration between biomedical research and community-based primary health care actors in chronic disease management: a scoping review

Author

Paquette, Jean-Sébastien, Zomahoun, Hervé Tchala Vignon, Diendere, Ella, Lavertu, Gardy, Rheault, Nathalie, Toi, Alfred Kodjo, Leblond, Mathilde, Audet-Walsh, Étienne, Beaulieu, Marie-Claude, Charif, Ali Ben, Blanchette, Virginie, Després, Jean-Pierre, Gaudreau, André, Rhéaume, Caroline, Tremblay, Marie-Claude, and Légaré, France

Published
2022
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13. Long-Term Improvement in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity beyond Changes in Visceral/Ectopic Fat among Men with Visceral Obesity.

Author

Murphy-Després, Adrien, Chartrand, Dominic J., Lemieux, Isabelle, Tremblay, Angelo, Bergeron, Jean, Poirier, Paul, Alméras, Natalie, and Després, Jean-Pierre

Abstract

The SYNERGIE study documented the effects on cardiometabolic risk (CMR) indices of a 1-year lifestyle intervention targeting physical activity (PA) and diet followed by a 2-year maintenance period in men with visceral obesity. Improvements in CMR markers and a decrease in low-attenuation muscle (LAM) area were observed after 1 year. Despite a rebound in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) during the maintenance period, insulin resistance (IR) improved. We tested the hypothesis that variations in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and LAM could explain the long-term improvement in IR. A health (n = 88; mean age 49.0 ± 8.2 years) and fitness (n = 72) evaluation was performed at 0, 1, and 3 years. Participants were classified into two groups based on their CRF response over the maintenance period (worsening: CRF− vs. maintenance/improvement: CRF+). During the maintenance period, changes in the psoas and core LAM areas correlated with changes in IR (r = 0.27; p < 0.05 and r = 0.34; p < 0.005) and changes in CRF (r = −0.31; p < 0.01 and r = −0.30; p < 0.05). IR improved in the CRF+ group (p < 0.05) but remained stable in the CRF− group. Men in the CRF+ group regained half of the changes in VAT volume and LAM at the psoas and mid-thigh compared to the CRF− group (p < 0.05). These results support the importance of targeting VAT and CRF/PA for the long-term management of CMR in men with visceral obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. The HERITAGE Family Study: A Review of the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiometabolic Health, with Insights into Molecular Transducers

Author

SARZYNSKI, MARK A., RICE, TREVA K., DESPRÉS, JEAN-PIERRE, PÉRUSSE, LOUIS, TREMBLAY, ANGELO, STANFORTH, PHILIP R., TCHERNOF, ANDRÉ, BARBER, JACOB L., FALCIANI, FRANCESCO, CLISH, CLARY, ROBBINS, JEREMY M., GHOSH, SUJOY, GERSZTEN, ROBERT E., LEON, ARTHUR S., SKINNER, JAMES S., RAO, D. C., and BOUCHARD, CLAUDE

Published
2022
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19. Residual vascular risk in diabetes – Will the SPPARM alpha concept hold the key?

Author

Fruchart, Jean-Charles, Santos, Raul D., Yamashita, Shizuya, Aikawa, Masanori, Libby, Peter, Plutzky, Jorge, Pradhan, Aruna, Ridker, Paul, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Al Rasadi, Khalid, Amarenco, Pierre, Barter, Philip J., Ceska, Richard, Corsini, Alberto, Ruscica, Massimiliano, Després, Jean-Pierre, Duriez, Patrick, Eckel, Robert H., Ezhov, Marat V., Farnier, Michel, Ginsberg, Henry N., Hermans, Michel P., Ishibashi, Shun, Karpe, Fredrik, Kodama, Tatsuhiko, Koenig, Wolfgang, Krempf, Michel, Lim, Soo, Lorenzatti, Alberto J., McPherson, Ruth, Nuñez-Cortes, Jesus Millan, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Ogawa, Hisao, Packard, Chris J., Ponte-Negretti, Carlos I., Reiner, Željko, Sadikot, Shaukat, Shimano, Hitoshi, Sritara, Piyamitr, Stock, Jane K., Su, Ta-Chen, Susekov, Andrey V., Tartar, André, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Tenenbaum, Alexander, Tokgözoğlu, Lale S., Tomlinson, Brian, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Valensi, Paul, Vrablík, Michal, Wahli, Walter, Watts, Gerald F., Yokote, Koutaro, and Zambon, Alberto

Published
2019
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23. Effects of CB1R inverse agonist, INV‐202, in patients with features of metabolic syndrome. A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind phase 1b study.

Author

Crater, Glenn D., Lalonde, Karine, Ravenelle, François, Harvey, Michael, and Després, Jean‐Pierre

Subjects
METABOLIC syndrome, WEIGHT loss, GLUCOSE tolerance tests, GLUCOSE intolerance, WAIST circumference, BODY mass index, CANNABINOID receptors
Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the clinical safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the novel cannabinoid receptor‐1 (CB1R) inverse agonist, INV‐202, in adults with features of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: This was a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 28‐day repeat‐dose (INV‐202 [25 mg] or placebo, once‐daily oral tablet), parallel‐group study in 37 participants aged 18 to 65 years (46% female, mean age 55 years, glycated haemoglobin 5.7% [39 mmol/mol], body mass index [BMI] 38.1 kg/m2) with features of metabolic syndrome and glucose intolerance. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at baseline and at the end of the study. Lipid profiles, weight, waist circumference and biomarkers were assessed weekly. Statistical comparisons were performed post hoc. Results: INV‐202 was well tolerated with no serious or severe treatment‐emergent adverse events; the most common events related to known effects of CB1R blockade in the gastrointestinal tract. INV‐202 produced a significant mean weight loss of 3.5 kg (3.3% compared with placebo participants who gained a mean 0.6 kg [0.5%]). INV‐202 also exhibited significant reductions in waist circumference and BMI (P ≤ 0.03). There was no significant difference in OGTT 0‐ to 3‐hour area under the curve for INV‐202 versus placebo: least squares mean 29.38 versus 30.25 h*mmol/L, with an INV‐202: placebo ratio of 97.1% (95% confidence interval 90.2, 105.6; P = 0.43). Conclusions: INV‐202 was well tolerated, producing a signal for rapid weight loss with improvements in other metabolic syndrome markers in this population. These findings support further exploration and long‐term assessment of cardiometabolic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. The relationship between yogurt consumption, body weight, and metabolic profiles in youth with a familial predisposition to obesity

Author

Panahi, Shirin, Gallant, Annette, Tremblay, Angelo, Pérusse, Louis, Després, Jean-Pierre, and Drapeau, Vicky

Subjects
Body composition -- Research, Physiological research, Adolescent obesity -- Research, Yogurt -- Research, Body weight, Consumer research, Family, Health, Type 2 diabetes, Insulin resistance, Insulin, Obesity, Family relations, Fasting, EDTA, Youth, Child health, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background/objectives This study examined the relationship between yogurt consumption, family history of obesity (FHO), and health determinants. Subjects/methods Youth (n = 198; mean age: 20 [plus or minus] 0.5 years) from the Québec Family Study were first classified based on their FHO, defined as the presence or absence of at least one obese (BMI [greater than or equal to]30 kg/m.sup.2) parent [with FHO (FHO+; n = 112) or without FHO (FHO-; n = 86)] and then on their yogurt consumption [yogurt consumers (YC+) n = 61 or non-consumers (YC-) n = 137]. A two-factor mixed ANOVA was performed to evaluate the association between FHO, YC, and their interaction with health determinant such as weight and body composition, metabolic and behavioral profiles. Results There was a main effect of FHO, but not YC, for weight and body composition, but no interaction between YC and FHO for these measures. However, a significant interaction between YC and FHO was observed for fasting insulin (P = 0.02), insulin area under the curve (AUC) (P = 0.02), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; P = 0.03) after adjustment for studied covariates. Specifically, lower fasting plasma insulin, insulin AUC, and HOMA-IR were observed in FHO+ and YC+ youth compared to YC- youth of the same group while no differences were found between the FHO- sub-groups. Conclusions Consuming yogurt may protect against insulin resistance more specifically among youth at risk of obesity, and this relationship appears to be independent of body composition and lifestyle factors measured in this study., Author(s): Shirin Panahi [sup.1] [sup.2] , Annette Gallant [sup.3] , Angelo Tremblay [sup.1] [sup.4] [sup.5] , Louis Pérusse [sup.1] , Jean-Pierre Després [sup.1] [sup.4] , Vicky Drapeau [sup.2] [sup.4] [sup.5] [...]

Published
2019
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32. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels reveal heterogeneity in hepatic fat content in adults with excess visceral adiposity.

Author

Rauzier, Chloe, Chartrand, Dominic J., Alméras, Natalié, Lemieux, Isabelle, Larose, Eric, Mathieu, Patrick, Pibarot, Philippe, Lamarche, Benoît, Rhéaume, Caroline, Poirier, Paul, Després, Jean-Pierre, and Picard, Frédéric

Subjects
FAT, NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, BLOOD lipids, GLUCOSE tolerance tests, OBESITY
Abstract

Lay summary: Obesity is frequently accompanied by a fatty liver. However, some individuals with high abdominal fat levels nevertheless have low levels of liver fat. Reasons for such discordant phenotypes are unclear. In this paper, we report that among asymptomatic individuals with high levels of visceral fat, low concentrations of IGFBP-2 in the circulation were associated with significantly higher hepatic fat content compared to those with high IGFBP-2 levels. We conclude that quantification of plasma IGFBP-2 concentrations may be useful to identify the early risk for liver fat accumulation in apparently healthy individuals without cardiovascular symptoms. Aim/hypothesis: Although excess visceral adiposity (VAT) is generally associated with increased liver fat (LF), recent evidence has revealed heterogeneity in LF content among adults with visceral obesity, potentially contributing to specific differences in cardiometabolic outcomes. Reasons for such discordant VAT-LF phenotypes are largely unknown. The present study aimed at assessing whether circulating levels of insulin growth-factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) could be a useful biomarker in the identification of heterogenous and discordant VAT-LF phenotypes. Methods: A sample of 308 middle-aged Caucasian apparently healthy men and women without cardiovascular symptoms were studied for the present crosssectional analyses. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels were assessed and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Hepatic fat fraction (HFF) was measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy whereas VAT was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels were quantified by ELISA. Participants were then classified on the basis of median VAT (81 mL) and IGFBP-2 levels (233 ng/mL). Results: Individuals with high levels of VAT were characterized by higher waist circumference, lower insulin sensitivity, as well as by higher plasma triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol levels. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels were inversely correlated with HFF (r = -0.39, p < 0.0001). Among men and women with high levels of VAT, those with low levels of IGFBP-2 had significantly higher HFF (7.5 ± 0.7%), compared to participants with high IGFBP-2 concentrations (3.2 ± 0.5%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In the presence of excess VAT, high IGFBP-2 concentrations are associated with low levels of LF. Although additional studies will be necessary to establish causality and further clarify the clinical implications of these observations, these findings are concordant with a novel function of IGFBP-2 in modulating susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the presence of visceral obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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44. The selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator (SPPARMα) paradigm: conceptual framework and therapeutic potential: A consensus statement from the International Atherosclerosis Society (IAS) and the Residual Risk Reduction Initiative (R3i) Foundation

Author

Fruchart, Jean-Charles, Santos, Raul D., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Aikawa, Masanori, Al Rasadi, Khalid, Amarenco, Pierre, Barter, Philip J., Ceska, Richard, Corsini, Alberto, Després, Jean-Pierre, Duriez, Patrick, Eckel, Robert H., Ezhov, Marat V., Farnier, Michel, Ginsberg, Henry N., Hermans, Michel P., Ishibashi, Shun, Karpe, Fredrik, Kodama, Tatsuhiko, Koenig, Wolfgang, Krempf, Michel, Lim, Soo, Lorenzatti, Alberto J., McPherson, Ruth, Nuñez-Cortes, Jesus Millan, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Ogawa, Hisao, Packard, Chris J., Plutzky, Jorge, Ponte-Negretti, Carlos I., Pradhan, Aruna, Ray, Kausik K., Reiner, Željko, Ridker, Paul M., Ruscica, Massimiliano, Sadikot, Shaukat, Shimano, Hitoshi, Sritara, Piyamitr, Stock, Jane K., Su, Ta-Chen, Susekov, Andrey V., Tartar, André, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Tenenbaum, Alexander, Tokgözoğlu, Lale S., Tomlinson, Brian, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Valensi, Paul, Vrablík, Michal, Wahli, Walter, Watts, Gerald F., Yamashita, Shizuya, Yokote, Koutaro, Zambon, Alberto, and Libby, Peter

Published
2019
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48. Usefulness of Measuring Both Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference for the Estimation of Visceral Adiposity and Related Cardiometabolic Risk Profile (from the INSPIRE ME IAA Study)

Author

Nazare, Julie-Anne, Smith, Jessica, Borel, Anne-Laure, Aschner, Pablo, Barter, Phil, Van Gaal, Luc, Tan, Chee Eng, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Matsuzawa, Yuji, Kadowaki, Takashi, Ross, Robert, Brulle-Wohlhueter, Claire, Alméras, Natalie, Haffner, Steven M., Balkau, Beverley, and Després, Jean-Pierre

Published
2015
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