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Sintesis kopoli(Anetol-Stearil Akrilat-Divinilbenzena) atau KASA-DVB berhasil dilakukan melalui reaksi kopolimerisasi kationik menggunakan inisiator BF3O(C2H5)2 dan Stearil Akrilat (SA) dengan variasi 2, 4, dan 6 (b/b), pada jumlah anetol dan DVB tetap. Produk yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi gugus fungsi, struktur, morfologi, viskositas intrinsik dan sifat termalnya berturut-turut menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), scanning electron microscopy dengan energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), viskometer Ostwald dan analisis thermogravimetric-differential thermal-differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DTA-DSC). Uji kinerja adsorpsi senyawa dilakukan dengan metode batch dan konsentrasi adsorbat ditentukan dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Data FT-IR menunjukkan hilangnya serapan gugus alil dan vinil sementara data 1H-NMR menunjukkan hilangnya H-alil dan H-vinil yang mengindikasikan KASA-DVB berhasil disintesis. Penambahan konsentrasi SA dapat meningkatkan nilai viskositas intrinsik. Analisis morfologi KASA-DVB diperoleh padatan dengan permukaan yang relatif kasar dan jumlah rongga semakin sedikit. Analisis termogram TG/DTA-DSC menunjukkan penurunan sifat termal yaitu diperoleh titik inisiasi degradasi massa yang lebih rendah. Nilai kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi diperoleh dari hasil uji kinerja adsorpsi pada waktu kontak ke-60 menit dan variasi berat SA 2%. Berdasarkan data kinerja adsorpsi, menunjukkan bahwa KASA-DVB memiliki potensi sebagai adsorben. Uji adsorpsi menunjukkan kapasitas adsorpsi terbesar adalah 23,22 (mg/g) pada KASA-DVB 2%. Synthesis of Copoly(Anethol-Styryl Acrylate-Divinylbenzene) as an Alternative Adsorbent Material. Synthesis of copoly(Anethole-Stearyl Acrylate-Divinylbenzene) or KASA-DVB was successfully carried out by a cationic copolymerization reaction using BF3O(C2H5)2 initiator and various concentrations of Stearyl Acrylate (SA) are 2, 4, and 6 wt. The resulting products were characterized by functional groups, structure, morphology, intrinsic viscosity, and thermal properties using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Ostwald Viscometer, and thermogravimetric-differential thermal-differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TG/DTA-DSC), respectively. The adsorption performance was analyzed using the batch method, and the adsorbate concentration was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The FT-IR data showed loss of allyl and vinyl groups absorption, while 1H-NMR data showed loss of H-allyl and H-vinyl, indicating that KASA-DVB was successfully synthesized. The increase in SA concentration can increase the intrinsic viscosity value. Morphological analysis of KASA-DVB obtained solid materials with a relatively rough surface and fewer cavities. Thermogram analysis of TG/DTA-DSC showed a decrease in thermal properties, which was a lower mass degradation initiation point. The highest adsorption capacity was obtained from the adsorption performance with a contact time of 60 minutes and 2% SA weight variation. The adsorption performance data shows that KASA-DVB is potent as an adsorbent. The adsorption showed that the largest adsorption capacity was 23.22 (mg/g) on KASA-DVB 2%.

Terminalia bellerica is well-known for producing edible fruits with pharmacotherapeutic properties. Traditional healers use these species to treat and control diabetes mellitus, its side effects, and other illnesses. Involved in this disease's pathophysiological process, extensive research has been conducted to validate and comprehend these bioactive claims scientifically. This research aims to ascertain the bioactive metabolite contents of different solvent polarities, including ethyl acetate, hexane, distilled water, and methanol. The phenol concentration was determined using the Follin-Ciocalteu procedure to be between 23.45 and 160.41 mg GAE/g. The aluminum chloride colorimetric technique measured flavonoid concentration from 88.52 to 7.12 mg QE/g. The quantitative values of tannic acid, which spanned from 0.78 to 5.32 mg TAE/g, were determined by spectrophotometry UV-VIS. The extracts' capacity to reduce free radical damage ABTS (2, 2' azinobis (3-ethylbenzene-thiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was examined. The extract ethyl acetate exhibited the most significant level of antioxidant activity, with IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS of 28.17 and 22.22 g/ml, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (23 mm) and were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity in a methanol extract (21 mm). In vitro, antidiabetic activities were assessed using α-glucoside and α-amylase inhibition. The ethyl acetate extract has α-glucoside inhibition IC50 of 23.04 g/ml and α-amylase inhibition IC50 of 25.35 g/ml. T. bellerica seed includes secondary metabolites that show promise as lead chemicals in creating potent medications.

The synthesis of anethole-lauryl methacrylate (LMA) copolymer had been carried out by cationic polymerization using BF3O(C2H5)2 as the initiator without the use of solvent at room temperature (28-30 °C) over atmospheric N2 conditions. Polymerization was conducted by varying LMA concentration i.e. 2%, 4%, and 6%, (w/w) with respect to the anethole weight. Structural determination of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was done using FTIR and 1H-NMR spectrophotometer. The relative molecular weight (Mv) of co-poly (anethole-LMA) was measured by an Ostwald Viscometer at room temperature. Morphological characterization and surface area analysis of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was performed using SEM and SAA, respectively. The successful synthesis of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was proven by the disappearance of vinyl group absorption at 1696, 1638, 965, and 938 cm-1 of the FTIR spectra, as well as the loss of vinyl group proton signals at 6.4-5.5 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectra. Increasing the weight of the LMA affected the characteristics of co-poly(anethole-LMA). The relative molecular weight of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was found to rise by increasing the weight of LMA. The Mv of co-poly(anethole-LMA) 2%, 4%, and 6% were 32378.62, 50611.05, and 65133.79 g/mol, respectively. The morphology of co-poly(anethole-LMA) showed that the surface distance between particles was getting tighter and the highest surface area in co-poly(Anethole-LMA) 6% was 233.80 m2/g.

Stigmasterol and Stigmasterone from Methanol Extract of Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F. Stem Bark. Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F. has been widely used for herbal medicine. Phytochemical investigation of C. soulattri contains a secondary metabolite of the steroid class. Steroid compounds have various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, antimalarial, and anticancer. Two secondary metabolites steroids have been isolated and identified from the stem bark extract of C. soulattri. Isolation was carried out through the extraction (maceration), fractionation, and purification stages. Maceration is carried out using methanol as a solvent. Fractionation was carried out by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), and purification was by flash column chromatography. Identification of combined fractions and determination of pure isolates were used through thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The solvent used in the chromatography methods was a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The structure isolates were identified by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR and compared with literature data. Secondary metabolites steroids that have been isolated are identical compounds to stigmasterol and stigmasterone.

Parkia roxburghii G.Don seeds have popular folkloric ethnomedicinal use in the treatment of many diseases especially in Indonesia. Methanol, distilled water, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts from the seeds of Parkia roxburghii were assayed for secondary metabolism quantitative, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial and activities as well as determined the presence of phytochemical constituents. The extracts were investigated for antioxidant possession by DPPH free-radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’ Azinobis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) scavenging ability, Antidiabetic potential was invitro assayed by α-amylase inhibition and α-glucosyde inhibition while antibacterially by applying the disk diffusion procedure, as well as refined for the attendance of bioavailable phytochemical components. The result showed the existence of phytochemical components in diverse extracts could attribution free scavenging, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities. The qualitative results all extracts of Parkia roxburghii seeds have expressed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoids, saponins and tannin whereas, methanol, distilled water, and n-hexane extracts expressed the presence of anthraquinones, The entire phenolic contents were examined as attested by the Follin-Ciocalteu methods, which varied from 43.82 - 137.42 mg GAE/g. The entire flavonoid compounds were measured with aluminum chloride colorimetric procedure, which varied from 20.42 – 45.90 mg QEDW/g. The total phenolic compound were measure Follin Ciocalteu which varied from 43.82-137.42 mg/g. The alkaloid, saponin, tanic acid, terpenoid and cardiac glycoside quantitative were measured with spectrofotometri UV-VIS which varied from 16.34 – 48.90 mg for alkaloid. The Saponin content varied 1.76 – 16.04 mg/g. Tanic acid which varied 0.21 – 7.29 mg/g. Terpenoid which varied 50.12 – 91.02 mg/g. Cardiac glycoside which varied 7.24-36.53 mg/g. The potential antioxidant were measured with ABTS and DPPH method, the methanol extract is the potential antioxidant. Antidiabetic potential were measured with alfa amylase and alfa glucosyde inhibition, the best antidiabetic is methanol extract. The potential antibacterial and antifungal was the methanol extract for Eschericia Coli and Candida Albicans. The conclusion established the tremendous perspective of the Parkia roxburghii seeds as another option fountain of food supplement, as well as drug components.

Synthesis of amino functionalized organosilane (AFOS) via UV-irradiation method has been conducted. In this research, the precursors for synthesizing AFOS are 3-glycydiloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and ethylene diamine. Synthesis of amino functionalized organosilane was performed for 16 h monitored by Infra-red spectroscopy technique. The morphological structure of AFOS was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption process was conducted in the batch method using Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) as anionic dye model. In this study, the pH, contact time and dyes concentration were varied to determine the optimum pH, kinetic and isotherm adsorption. Based on the calculation, the kinetic rate of the RBBR adsorbed onto AFOS was determined by k2 (pseudo second-order). Moreover, the isotherm study showed that the Langmuir model fitted for the adsorption of RBBR onto AFOS with Qm by 21.3 mg g-1.

Biosynthesis of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been prepared using cassava flour industrial wastewater (manipueira) as medium. The optimum condition of the biosurfactans biosynthesis was obtained using media containing nutrient broth and manipueira without centrifugation (NBM) with 4 days fermentation. UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra indicated that the biosurfactant was a rhamnolipid containing hydroxyl, ester, carbocylic and aliphatic carbon chain functional groups. Biosurfactant exhibited critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of 576 mg/L and surface tension value of 0.045 N/m. The biosurfactant was able to decrease the interface tension and form emulsion with benzene, toluene, gasoline and palm oil. This biosurfactant showed w/o emulsion system.

Synthesis of C-hexyl calix[4]resorcinarene through condensation reaction between resorcinol and heptanal with HCl catalyst has been investigated. Synthesis conducted by the ratio of resorcinol: heptanal (1:1) using reflux for 6 hours in ethanol. Structural analysis of the product was done by FTIR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, while the characterization was done by determining melting point. The product was golden brown powder with a yield 99.43% and melting point more than 300 °C. Structural analysis with FTIR and 1 HNMR known vibration and signals characteristic of calix[4]resorcinarena group, the vibrations of the CH bridge. Vibration of CH bridge appearance at wave number 1445 cm-1 and 1456 cm-1, while signal of CH bridge appearance at chemical shifts from 4.17 to 4.21 ppm.

Petani pembesaran lele banyak yang mengeluh gagal dalam usaha pembesaran lele. Kegagalan tersebut disebabkan oleh penggunaan pakan dan kolam yang tidak efisien serta harga pakan mahal. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini memberikan wawasan tentang metode baru dalam usaha pembesaran lele yang menguntungkan. Mitra pengabdian kegiatan ini yaitu kelompok pembesaran lele Sungut Emas di Boyolali dan petani-petani pembesaran lele disekitarnya. Metode pengabdian dilakukan dengan metode substitusi ipteks secara teori, praktek lapangan, dan pendampingan. Substitusi ipteks secara teori meliputi penjelasan tentang pembesaran lele tebar padat dan aplikasi enzim dalam efisiensi pakan. Materi praktek lapangan meliputi cara persiapan air, cara pengelolaan air, cara menangani penyakit dan cara memberi pakan. Simpulan, substitusi ipteks pembesaran lele tebar padat mampu menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi petani pembesaran lele tebar padat sehingga keuntungan usaha meningkat.

Biosurfactant with efficient emulsification properties could be produced by Pseudomonas flourescens using cassava flour wastewater (manipueira) as media. The ability of P. flourescens to produce biosurfactant could suggest potential use in industrial and environmental applications. Media containing a mixture of natural manipueira and nutrient broth with 48 h fermentation was the optimum condition for the biosurfactant production. Based on UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra, the biosurfactant was indicated as rhamnolipids containing hydroxyl, ester, carboxylic and aliphatic carbon chain functional groups. Biosurfactant exhibited critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of 715 mg/L and reduced the surface tension of the water from 80 mN/m to 59 mN/m. The biosurfactant was able to decrease the interfacial tension about 51-70% when benzyl chloride, palm oil and kerosene were used as water-immiscible compounds. The biosurfactant was able to form stable emulsion until 30 days when paraffin, soybean oil, lubricant oil and kerosene were used as water-immiscible compounds.

Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi teraktif daun pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureusdan Escherichia coli. Fraksi teraktif diperoleh dari hasil pemisahan kromatografi vacum cair (KVC) ekstrak etanol daun pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) yang telah melalui tahap maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Proses KVC dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga eluen yaitu n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar. Komponen kimia dalam fraksi teraktif diidentifikasi melalui skrining fitokimia dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS).Uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi-fraksi daun pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Fraksi etil asetat adalah fraksi teraktif anti bakteri.Identifikasi senyawa dalam fraksi teraktif melalui kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, antrakuinon, saponin, dan asam lemak. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa dominan 2-pentanone,4-hydroxy-4 methy, coumarin, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, dan 10-octadecanoic acid.

The aim research is application of poly-5-allyl-calix[4]arene tetra carboxylic acid as adsorbent of heavy metal cations. Adsorption was carried out towards Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions in batch system. Several variables including pH, contact time and initial concentration of metal ions were determined. The optimum adsorption conditions were achieved at pH 6.0 for Cd(II) and Cr(III), while at pH 5.5 for Pb(II) ions. In addition, the optimum contact time of Pb (II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ion adsorption were 180 min. The adsorption kinetics of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions using the calixarene polymer adsorbent followed a pseudo 2nd order kinetics model, with adsorption rate constants of 2x10-2; 5x10-3, and 3.1x10-2 g mole-1 min-1, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions tends to follow the Freundlich isotherm, whereas the adsorption of Cr (III) tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) metal ions were 104.04, 61.78 and 228.69 μmole/g, with adsorption energy of 24.87; 21.62 and 31.07 KJ/mole, respectively.

The synthesis of poly-5,7-diallyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene were performed in experimental series as follows: (1) Cyclotetramerization of p-t-butylphenol with NaOH and paraformaldehyde to p-butylcalix[4]arene, (2) Debutylation of p-butylcalix[4]arene using AlCl3 and phenol to tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene, (3) Allylation reaction using allylbromide to diallyloxy-dihydroxycalix[4]arene, (4) Claisen rearrangement reaction, (5) Cationic polymerization to diallylcalix[4]arenes. All of the synthesized products were analyzed by means of IR spectrometer and 1H-NMR spectrometer. The result of 25,27-diallyloxy-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene synthesis was white crystals having m.p. 205-207 °C in 80.95% yield. The synthesis of 5,7-diallyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-calix[4]arene gave light yellow crystals having m.p. 214-216 °C in 78.67% yield. The polymerization gave poly(5,7-diallyl-25,26,27,28-tetra-hydroxycalix[4]arene) having m.p. 338-340 °C, in 60% yield. Its estimated has a relative molecular weight of 18,738 g/mol with the number of unit repetition about 37 monomer units. Keywords: Diallylation, polymerization, Poly-5,7-diallyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene