Search

El objetivo de este trabajo es reseñar dos importantes monografías sobre la democracia ateniense que brindan la oportunidad de reflexionar sobre la crisis de la democracia a finales del siglo V a.C. y el carácter de las posteriores reformas institucionales que permitieron la recuperación y pervivencia de una debatida ‘democracia moderada’, a lo largo del siglo IV a.C.

No terceiro episódio da Electra de Sófocles, a heroína, acreditando que seu irmão Orestes está morto, tenta convencer sua irmã Crisótemis a participar de um plano de matar Egisto, em um discurso que retoma as honras públicas instituídas na Atenas do século V a.C. em homenagem ao casal tiranicida, Harmódio e Aristogíton, e, portanto, aproxima as duas irmãs da imagem de campeãs da democracia (v. 947-989). Este artigo compara o tratamento dado por Comentários contemporâneos à Electra de Sófocles a este discurso com estudos recentes da cidadania ateniense que fazem uso do gênero como ferramenta metodológica, no intuito de argumentar que a ideia da pólis como um “clube de homens” depende muito mais de um estereótipo moderno sobre a política ateniense do que das evidências antigas disponíveis – um estereótipo que projeta concepções europeias do século XIX acerca do político sobre o contexto antigo e perpetua, no passado, uma dominação masculina supostamente universal. Nessa perspectiva, a atitude de Electra, certamente excepcional pela situação igualmente excepcional em que a heroína se encontra, longe de transgredir de um modo impressionante os papéis de gênero antigos, aponta para a importância da cidadania feminina na democracia ateniense.

This article focuses on the motives why, basically in the early 1980s, Foucault, Castoriadis and Rancière dealt with, and wrote, about Ancient democracy. To elucidate the reasons, this article firstly links the authors with one tradition of the French Hellenism, namely the School of Paris. Secondly, it considers the specific biographical trajectory of each one of them and, finally, the challenge provoked by the crisis of Marxism. This work finishes explaining why we can learn from our three authors analyzing the context of production of their ideas.

Francisco Rodríguez Adrados’ La democracia ateniense (1975) was canonical since its publication in 1966 (with a different title). The current article analyses, first, the ideological foundations of the work and, secondly, the prioritization of textual commentary and philological tools in historical analysis, that is, the textual-centrism of the book, pointing out also its accomplishments. The interpretation of our article is based in a textual as well as contextual analysis. It explores the intellectual networks and the configuration of the field of Classics in Spain in the formation of Adrados’s work. On the other hand, it reads the main sources and intertexts of La democracia ateniense, the German philology (Jaeger and Schachermeyr). The aim of this work is to understand the appropriation, limits, scope and ideological horizon of Adrados’ vision of Athenian democracy, as well as his achievements and innovations, the “scholastic creativity”. Adrados is one of the main founding fathers of Classics in Spain.

Copyright of Conexão Letras is the property of Conexao Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

THE ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY AND US THE MODERNS, AND ANCIENT ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY.Resumo: A proposta do ensaio constitui em examinar comparativamente a realidade da democracia ateniense com os princípios e problemas da democracia atual. Assim, busca-se constituir um parâmetro de análise que seja pelo menos útil para pensar os próprios dilemas políticos atuais. A escolha de pontos comparativos nos quais a experiência antiga pode ser preciosa para discutir pontos especialmente sensíveis, como: a liberdade, a relação do cidadão com o governo, a cidadania e sociedade, a classe política, o controle dos governantes, a democracia direta e a democracia e o financiamento.Palavras-chaves: Democracia ateniense; democracia moderna; a política grega, representação cidadã.Abstract: The purpose of this essay is to examine comparatively the reality of Athenian democracy with the principles and problems of modern democracy. Thus, it is sought to constitute a parameter of analysis that is at least useful for thinking about the current political dilemmas themselves. The choice of comparative points in which the old experience may be valuable to discuss particularly sensitive points, such as: freedom, citizen's relationship with government, citizenship and society, the political class, control of rulers, direct democracy and Democracy and financing.Keywords: Athenian democracy; Modern democracy; The Greek politics, citizen representation.Recebido em: 10/02/2017 – Aceito em: 12/03/2017

Direct democracy (DD)—including initiatives and referendums—is increasingly used to decide policy around the world. Based on a wide‐ranging review of literature published over the past 25 years, this article offers theoretical and methodological recommendations to advance the study of DD. First, more focus should be placed on the stages of DD and how they affect one another. Richer theories can only flow once the origins, rules, and context of DD are considered—including the endogeneity of DD. Second, a stronger analysis of how DD is justified by democratic theory is needed; I demonstrate that some mechanisms of DD are clearly supported by democratic theory while others lack a coherent foundation. Finally, historical (e.g., ancient Athens) and contemporary DD are often used interchangeably. An overview of past institutions reveals that contemporary DD is not a return to something that once was. Each lesson provides fruitful avenues for future research. Related Articles: Adams, Brian E. 2012. "Citizens, Interest Groups, and Local Ballot Initiatives." Politics & Policy 40 (1): 43‐68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00336.x Stephan, Mark. 2004. "Citizens as Representatives: Bridging the Democratic Theory Divides." Politics & Policy 32 (1): 118‐135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2004.tb00178.x Waheduzzaman, Wahed, and Sharif As‐Saber. 2015. "Politics and Policy in Achieving Participatory Governance in a Developing Country Context." Politics & Policy 43 (4): 474‐501. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12121 Related Media: The Centre for Research on Direct Democracy (C2D). N.d. C2D is a database with information on direct democracy institutions around the globe. http://c2d.ch LATINNO is the first comprehensive and systematic source of data on new institutions for citizen participation evolving in Latin America. https://www.latinno.net/en/project-information/ The Initiative and Referendum Institute (IRI). N.d. IRI at the University of Southern California tracks all direct democracy mechanisms in the United States. http://www.iandrinstitute.org [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo se analiza la posición de El eclipse de la fraternidad (2004), ensayo publicado por Antoni Domènech, en el debate acerca del republicanismo cívico. Para ello se atiende en primer lugar a la recepción, en esa obra, de la democracia ateniense y de la institución del salario para cargos públicos (mishtón), establecido en Atenas desde la revolución de Efialtes en el 461 a. de C. Este es un elemento nuclear en el argumento del libro. Se sigue así la aparición del problema de la fraternidad en la trayectoria intelectual de Domènech. A través de esa recepción de la democracia ateniense, Domènech toma partido en el debate internacional acerca de la tradición republicana y de su origen. La segunda parte del artículo versa sobre este problema. Finalmente se trata de comprender la peculiaridad de El eclipse de la fraternidad en el contexto del republicanismo filosófico español. El método de análisis utilizado se inspira en la sociología de la filosofía, desarrollada entre otros por Pierre Bourdieu, Randall Collins y Martin Kusch.