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Background/Objectives: New advances in technologies are opening the possibility to support functional evaluation and rehabilitation in the field of speech therapy. Among available systems, a virtual reality rehabilitation system (VRRS, Khymeia) is a multi-domain ecosystem. Despite it being used in a limited number of studies, its use in speech-therapy has shown potential for promoting linguistic and literacy skills. Methods: This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of single-session speech assessment with the VRRS in twenty-eight children with cerebral palsy (CP) by means of ad hoc questionnaires. Moreover, we evaluated the feasibility and the effects of an intensive tele-rehabilitation treatment with the VRRS in a subgroup of three children with unilateral CP. Results: Feasibility was generally good when using the VRRS for assessments. Both clinicians and children found it to have good usability, although acceptability scores were higher for children than clinicians. For tele-rehabilitation, overall improvements were observed in both linguistic and learning (reading and writing) skills. Conclusions: This study paves the way for VRRS use in speech-therapy tele-rehabilitation for children with CP and language and learning difficulties.

IntroductionThe use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for assessing and treating cognitive and motor disorders is promoting home-based telerehabilitation. This approach involves ongoing monitoring within a motivating context to help patients generalize their skills. It can also reduce healthcare costs and geographic barriers by minimizing hospitalization. This systematic review focuses on investigating key aspects of telerehabilitation protocols for children with neurodevelopmental or neurological disorders, including technology used, outcomes, caregiver involvement, and dosage, to guide clinical practice and future research.MethodThis systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. The PICO framework was followed to define the search strategy for technology-based telerehabilitation interventions targeting the pediatric population (aged 0–18) with neurological or neurodevelopmental disorders. The search encompassed Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Independent reviewers were responsible for selecting relevant papers and extracting data, while data harmonization and analysis were conducted centrally.ResultsA heterogeneous and evolving situation emerged from our data. Our findings reported that most of the technologies adopted for telerehabilitation are commercial devices; however, research prototypes and clinical software were also employed with a high potential for personalization and treatment efficacy. The efficacy of these protocols on health or health-related domains was also explored by categorizing the outcome measures according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Most studies targeted motor and neuropsychological functions, while only a minority of papers explored language or multi-domain protocols. Finally, although caregivers were rarely the direct target of intervention, their role was diffusely highlighted as a critical element of the home-based rehabilitation setting.DiscussionThis systematic review offers insights into the integration of technological devices into telerehabilitation programs for pediatric neurologic and neurodevelopmental disorders. It highlights factors contributing to the effectiveness of these interventions and suggests the need for further development, particularly in creating dynamic and multi-domain rehabilitation protocols. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of promoting home-based and family-centered care, which could involve caregivers more actively in the treatment, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes for children with neurological or neurodevelopmental conditions.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO (CRD42020210663).

In this article, I explore the meaning and function of Lycurgus in Machiavelli's thought. While the exemplarity of the mythical Spartan legislator progressively fades in Machiavelli's thought in favour of the Roman model, Lycurgus' reforms are central in Machiavelli's works on two issues of primary importance: wealth and land distribution. First, I analyse Machiavelli's use of the ancient sources on both Lycurgus and other Spartan legislators to show how the former builds a selective and strategically balanced reading of the ancient sources to build an image of the latter as a pro-popular ruler and of the subsequent Spartan reformers as followers not only of the mythical legislator generally, but also of his most controversial and popularly oriented attempts to reform property ownership in ancient Sparta. Lycurgus reveals how Machiavelli, far from seeing mixed government as the best form of government, promotes a strongly anti-aristocratic model. Second, I show that in Machiavelli's thought the Spartan question can largely be seen as a background for his reading of Roman history, particularly its most crucial, conflictual and controversial period--that in which the Gracchi brothers' attempted to achieve agrarian reform. Keywords: ancient legislators, economy, Florence, history of economic thought, history of political thought, Rome, Sparta, The Spartan regime has traditionally been represented as an oligarchy, often in opposition to Athenian democracy. (1) Against the isonomia of Athens, that is, equal rights or the equal share [...]

Background/Objectives: New advances in technologies are opening the possibility to support functional evaluation and rehabilitation in the field of speech therapy. Among available systems, a virtual reality rehabilitation system (VRRS, Khymeia) is a multi-domain ecosystem. Despite it being used in a limited number of studies, its use in speech-therapy has shown potential for promoting linguistic and literacy skills. Methods: This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of single-session speech assessment with the VRRS in twenty-eight children with cerebral palsy (CP) by means of ad hoc questionnaires. Moreover, we evaluated the feasibility and the effects of an intensive tele-rehabilitation treatment with the VRRS in a subgroup of three children with unilateral CP. Results: Feasibility was generally good when using the VRRS for assessments. Both clinicians and children found it to have good usability, although acceptability scores were higher for children than clinicians. For tele-rehabilitation, overall improvements were observed in both linguistic and learning (reading and writing) skills. Conclusions: This study paves the way for VRRS use in speech-therapy tele-rehabilitation for children with CP and language and learning difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes two Marxist interpretations of James Harrington. The first, developed by Achille Loria at the end of the nineteenth century, uses Harrington to force Marxism into a mechanistic and determinist dimension that imagines the relationship between economics and politics reductively. The second, by Antonio Negri, removes the ontological dimension of Harrington's thought because it is incompatible with a polemical and conflictual conception of politics. Our thesis is that both interpretations of Harrington are wrong, because they are partial and overlook or ignore some key aspects of Harrington's theory. Yet their comparison, along with the awareness of their partiality, sheds light on a central element of historical materialism, namely the importance (and difficulty) of an articulation between critique of political economy and critique of politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: In recent years, the advent of new technologies has fostered their application in neuro-psychomotor and language rehabilitation, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Tele-rehabilitation has emerged as an innovative and timely solution, enabling personalized interventions monitored by clinicians. TABLET TOSCANA project aims to develop innovative tele-rehabilitation organizational models in children, adolescents and young adults with congenital and acquired developmental disabilities, using the Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS) Home Kit and the MedicoAmico APP. Methods: The trial is designed according to the CONSORT statement guidelines. The project encompasses three phases: adapting the technologies for pediatric use, validating them through a wait-list study, and analyzing feasibility and effectiveness data to define new organizational models. A randomized wait-list-control study with 100 subjects aged 6 to 30 years will compare tele-rehabilitation versus prosecution of standard care. Discussion: Although literature highlights tele-rehabilitation benefits such as improved access, cost savings, and enhanced treatment adherence, practical implementation remains limited (i.e., the definition of standardized procedures). TABLET TOSCANA project seeks to address these gaps by focusing on multi-domain treatments for neurodevelopmental disabilities and emphasizing the integration of tele-rehabilitation into local health services. Conclusion: The project aims to improve the continuity and intensity of care through innovative models that integrate tele-rehabilitation into local health services. The results could inform healthcare policies and promote the development of innovative and collaborative models of care, paving the way for more effective and widespread tele-rehabilitation solutions and fostering collaborative networks among professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta una inusual espada de antenas cuya tipología enlaza las tradiciones centro-europeas y las características del golfo de León. La espada fue depositada inutilizada en una tumba, pero fue encontrada en un curso fluvial. La singularidad de su tipología pone en evidencia el interés por el estudio de las armas en áreas culturales tan complejas y ricas como Liguria.

Navigation is a complex process, requiring target localization, route planning or retrieval, and physical displacement. Executive functions (EFs) such as working memory, inhibition and planning are fundamental for succeeding in this complex activity and are often impaired in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Our aim was to analyze the feasibility of a new ecological navigation task, the Virtual City paradigm™ (VC™) to test visuo-spatial memory and EFs in children with ADHD. Visuo-spatial short and working memory, inhibition and planning skills were tested with standardized tasks. The VC™, a new paradigm developed by our group, used the Virtual CarpetTM technology, consisting of a virtual town with houses, streets and crossroads projected on the ground. It includes a motion capture system, tracking body movement in 3D in real time. In one condition, children were required to walk through the city and reach a sequence of houses. In the other, before walking, they had to plan the shortest path to reach the houses, inhibiting the prepotent response to start walking. The results show a good feasibility of the paradigm (feasibility checklist and ad hoc questionnaire), being ecological and motivating. VC™ measures of span positively correlated with visuo-spatial short and working memory measures, suggesting that VC™ heavily relies on efficient spatial memory. Individual subject analyses suggested that children with ADHD may approach this task differently from typically developing children. Larger samples of ADHD and healthy children may further explore the specific role of EFs and memory, potentially opening new avenues for intervention.

In this interview taken shortly after the launch of the Italian translation of the Commonwealth, Antonio Negri, besides discussing details of his collaboration with Michael Hardt, addresses the most important topics of the book, which could remain unclear for the readers. He gives a wide range of answers for the questions on, for example, importance of revision and revitalization of seventeenth century’s categories, what does it mean to be a communist today, elaboration of the thesis of real subsumption. He also stresses the significance of the struggle over the common and processes of its institutionalization for contemporary revolutionary politics and faces criticism of the conception of immaterial and biopolitical labour.

Philosopher Alain Badiou speaks about the relation between philosophy and contemporary politics. He believes that negation or critique in politics should shift from 'destruction' to 'subtraction' in order to be fair and effective.

Navigation is a complex process, requiring target localization, route planning or retrieval, and physical displacement. Executive functions (EFs) such as working memory, inhibition and planning are fundamental for succeeding in this complex activity and are often impaired in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Our aim was to analyze the feasibility of a new ecological navigation task, the Virtual City paradigm™ (VC™) to test visuo-spatial memory and EFs in children with ADHD. Visuo-spatial short and working memory, inhibition and planning skills were tested with standardized tasks. The VC™, a new paradigm developed by our group, used the Virtual CarpetTM technology, consisting of a virtual town with houses, streets and crossroads projected on the ground. It includes a motion capture system, tracking body movement in 3D in real time. In one condition, children were required to walk through the city and reach a sequence of houses. In the other, before walking, they had to plan the shortest path to reach the houses, inhibiting the prepotent response to start walking. The results show a good feasibility of the paradigm (feasibility checklist and ad hoc questionnaire), being ecological and motivating. VC™ measures of span positively correlated with visuo-spatial short and working memory measures, suggesting that VC™ heavily relies on efficient spatial memory. Individual subject analyses suggested that children with ADHD may approach this task differently from typically developing children. Larger samples of ADHD and healthy children may further explore the specific role of EFs and memory, potentially opening new avenues for intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce here the Ethics and Politics Focus on the presence, role and function of ancient lawmakers in modern thought. We explain the theoretical and historiographical issues explored by the articles, describe their content and summarize the results reached by the authors. We also propose some bibliographic references to recent and less recent texts of historiography that prepare, in our opinion, the reflection on this important topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]