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Betle leaf (Piper betle L.) essential oil and catechu nut (Areca catechu L.) extracts have been known to be able to inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans. This research aimed to characterize the chemical compounds of betle leaf esssential oil, screen the phytochemicals in catechu nut ethanol extract, and assess the inhibitory potential of betle and catechu in chewy candy on biofilm formation by S. mutans. The experiment included preparation of extracts and chemical characterization of the raw materials, formulation of chewy candy, measurement of biofilm inhibition, and sensory evaluation of the candy. In vitro examination for inhibitory potency of betle and catechu chewy candy against biofilm formation S. mutans ATCC 31987 was performed in adhesion phase (4 hours) and active accumulation phase (18 hours). Antibacterial assay was performed in BHI broth media on microplate 96 wells. Crystal violet 0.5% was used to stain the biofilm and Optical Density (OD) was measured at λ 450 nm. The GC-MS analysis detected 32 compounds in the essential oil of betle leaf. The Betle leaf essential oil contained chavicol acetate, isoeugenol, chavibetol acetate, chavicol, and allylcatechol 3.4-diacetate, while catechu nut ethanol extract contained flavonoids and tannins. The components were possibly the inhibitory agents of S. mutans biofilm formation. Chewy candy containing 0.8% betle leaf essential oil and 2.3% catechu nut extract had effective inhibitory potential for S. mutans biofilm formation. Inhibition during adhesion phase was 74.5±0.7%, while that for accumulation phase was 60.8±1.8%. Sensory analysis suggests that the candy was slightly liked by the panelists (5±2).

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik katarsis terhadap penurunan intensitas perilaku agresi siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 15 Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 15 Bogor pada bulan September- November 2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pre-eksperimen Design dengan desain eksperimen one-group pretest-posttest design. One-group pretest-posttest design yaitu eksperimen yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan satu kelompok penelitian dengan melihat hasil pre dan post-test. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX. Jumlah populasi sebesar 245 siswa dan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 8 siswa. Pengukuran penurunan intensitas perilaku agresi siswa sebelum dan sesudah pemberian treatment katarsis dilakukan dengan pemberian instrumen perilaku agresi. Instrumen ini berbentuk kuesioner tertutup dengan model skala Likert. Uji coba instrumen dilakukan terhadap 68 rersponden untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen. Hasil perhitungan validitas menyatakan 60 butir item valid. Sementara itu, hasil perhitungan reliabilitas yang diperoleh berdasarkan perhitungan rumus alpha (α) sebesar 0.954. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh nilai asymp. Sig = 0,012 < nilai Signifikansi α (0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa terdapat penurunan intensitas perilaku agresi siswa secara signifikan pada siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 15 Bogor.

Umami is one of the basic taste produced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Generally, commercial MSG products did not specify the amount of a certain dose to produce palatable food. This problem could lead to uncontrolled and excessive use of MSG by consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the values for the detection and preference threshold of umami taste from commercial MSG products at different salt level. The detection threshold was determined using R-index method in salt solutions. The preference threshold was determined by using hedonic rating in food model. A food model selected in this case is spinach soup that is commonly consumed by Indonesian. The salt concentrations for detection and preference threshold experiment were 0.42 and 0.30 g/100 mL. Umami taste preference threshold value using Fechner’s psychophysic equation for 0.30 g/100 mL salt concentration is 0.25 g MSG/100 mL, while for 0.42 g/100 mL salt concentration, the umami taste preference threshold value is 0.06 g MSG/100 mL. Detection threshold value using R-index method for 0.30 g/100 mL salt concentration is 0.05 g MSG/100 mL, while for 0.42 g/100 mL salt concentration is 0.02 g MSG/100 mL. Different salt concentrations leads to differences in the values of threshold preferences and detection threshold of the umami taste of MSG. Increasing salt concentration tends to decrease the detection and preference threshold of umami taste from MSG. This research results could be used as the basic information in food product formulation such as seasoning and condiment using mixtures of salt and MSG.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh penggunaan media audiovisual dalam bimbingan klasikal terhadap pemahaman siswa kelas VII SMP Bina Insani Tangerang mengenai pacaran yang sehat. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan satu kelas yaitu kelas VII – 4 dengan jumlah responden 44 orang siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pra-eksperimen, dengan desain One-Group Pre test-Post test Design. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terhadap 44 responden berbentuk multiple choice yang terdiri dari 25 butir soal adalah olahan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah uji perbedaan dengan Wilcoxon Match Pair Test dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Karena sampel penelitian ≥ 25, maka digunakan rumus z untuk menghitung perbedaan. Hasil perhitungan uji hipotesis dengan uji z diperoleh zhitung sebesar 7,82175. Karena z hitung = 7,82175 > z tabel = 1,645, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media audio visual dalam layanan bimbingan klasikal berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pemahaman siswa kelas VII – 4 SMP Bina Insani Tangerang mengenai pacaran yang sehat.

The idea of water interaction with chemicals in the food dry matter or solid was inspired from gas interaction with surface active chemicals, almost a hundred years ago, such as association of gases with active carbon. However, until now the mechanisms and consequences of water molecule associated with chemicals in food solid is still in debate among the food scientists. The concept of water interaction or association with chemicals in the food solid or dry matter was initially introduced as water activity (aw), then in the terminology of “Bound Water”. Water activity concept was further developed by Labuza in 1960s. The concept or idea of glass transition temperature (Tg) from Polymers Science discipline was applied to foods in decade of 1980 by Slade & Levine, who denied or negated the earlier concepts of bound water and water activity. In glass transition concept of food products, water functions as a plasticizer related to the textural properties and safety of the products. Knowledge of structure and behaviours of water molecule is required to understand how water interacts or associates with chemicals in food solid. The unique nature of water molecule is a tetrahedral structure with 4 polar angles, which behaves strongly binding or being bound by polar or ionic chemicals in food solid. A number of physicochemical forces act how water molecules interact in complex ways with chemicals in food solid, and the interaction among water molecules in foods. Both types of water interaction lead to the consept of three fractions of bound water as well as to the varities of food characteristics, including preservability and food qualities, either appraisable or unacceptable by consummers. Relationship analyses among various parameter data of associated water in foods such as aw, Me, Tg, and enriched by NMR data, specific weight and specific heat of bound water, indicated that among the different concepts of water interaction in foods were complementary each other and also supported the presence of the three fractions of bound water.

The objective of this research was to determine the shelf-life of commercial soft and hard dough biscuits packed in metallized plastics by using a critical moisture content approach. The critical moisture contents, which were reached when the biscuits started to loss their crispiness and firmness, were 0,064 g H2O/g dried solid for soft dough biscuit and 0.069 g H2O/g dried solid for hard dough biscuit. The soft dough biscuits stored at 30oC and relative humidity of 75% had shelf life of 17.4 months, while that of hard dough biscuit at the same storage condition had shelf life of 16.5 months.

Moisture sorption isotherm of food powder products is pertinent in processing and stability of food. Food model consisted of tapioca starch, casein, palm oil and sucrose. The moisture sorption isotherm curves of the food model, tapioca starch and casein were sigmoid indicating the typical shape of amorphous product, while the water sorption isotherm of sucrose was a broken-line curve showing typical shape of crystalline material. The Guggenheim – Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model was the best model to predict sigmoid sorption isotherm curve (tapioca starch, casein and food model) at the whole range of experimental aw (0.07 – 0.97) while the Braunauer Emnet Teller (BET) model only fitted for aw up to 0.6. The Water binding capacity of tapioca at monolayer (Mm) was higher than casein and food model but the coefficient of adsorption energy (C) was lower than that of casein. Addition of oil at the food model decreased the water binding capacity at monolayer. The Grover model was more suitable than Ross model to predict the water sorption isotherm curve of food model from its composition.

This research was aimer/ to study the extend of non enzymatic browning reaction in food models containing the mixture of tapioca starch, casein, sucrose and oh at different moisture contents (2.55%, 5.26%, 7.54%, 15.20%. 15.93% and 23.99%) and storage temperatures (30, 55 and 700C). The non-enzymatic browning reaction was detected from brown color intensity measured by spechtrophotometer and colorimetric methods. The non-enzymatic browning reaction or food model follow pseudo-zero order reaction, suggesting that browning reaction occurred at moisture content above monolayer zone. T-Tg (T storage - Tg prediction) and reaction rate constant (k) plots showed that browning reaction occurred at temperature around glass transition and increased significantly at 150 above Tg of casein. Tapioca starch in the food model was under glassy condition. The mobility of substrate increased and diffused at amorphous matrix.

This research was conducted to analyze the mindset of small-scale garment business actors from the perspectives of production and marketing, considering that these two aspects have an important role in creating added value in the value chain of small-scale garment businesses. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The type of data required is primary data obtained from in-depth interviews with actors from garment businesses located in Bandung City and Bandung Regency. The research results find that the mindset of small-scale garment entrepreneurs from a production perspective shows that most of them are oriented toward always looking for the best production methods and never feeling satisfied (creativity is not a methodology but a mindset). Given that the market for garment products wants to have a relatively fast product life cycle, the emergence of market responses to the products offered is an important input for garment businesses to produce market-oriented products. In relation to the production mindset, garment businesses pay attention to the marketing mindset, where customer loyalty is considered crucial since customers are valued as an asset that supports the business instead of a burden, and marketing is considered a margin center, not a cost center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis has the potential to be widely used in the food industry due to its biological activities that are beneficial for human health, including as an antioxidant. The objectives of this research were to produce encapsulated propolis extract powders (EPEP) in optimum formula using a combination of coating materials (maltodextrin and basil seed gum (BSG)) by spray drying technique, and determining the physicochemical characteristics of the optimum EPEP. The independent variables used for optimization were 1–10 g of liquid propolis extract (factor 1) and 0–0.5 g of dried crude BSG (factor 2). Maltodextrin (10 g) and aquades (100 ml) were set as fixed variables. The optimization used response surface methodology (RSM). The responses studied were moisture content, solubility, and total phenolic content (TPC). Based on the overall response, the optimum formula resulting from RSM was 10 g of liquid propolis extract and 0.5 g of dried crude BSG with a desirability value of 0.734. The optimum EPEP had a moisture content of 3.82%, solubility of 96.13%, and TPC of 901.84 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg sample, water activity value of 0.41, hygroscopicity value of 16.82%, and fat content of 4.61%. The results of the antioxidant activity of the optimum product by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay had an inhibition percentage of 17.61% at a concentration of 5000 µg/ml and antioxidant capacity of 2091 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/kg sample. The antioxidant activity of the optimum product by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay gave an antioxidant capacity of 2394 µmol AAE/kg sample. The optimum EPEP morphologically showed agglomerated particles.

Jack bean is one of the alternative protein sources, with a protein content of 27.4% on a dry basis. The production of jack beans in Indonesia reached 12 tons/ha, with an average of 7 tons/ha. The utilization of jack bean for food was not optimal because it contained cyanide acid (HCN). For optimal utilization, jack bean must be transformed into low-HCN jack bean flour. HCN levels could be reduced to safe limits through food processing, namely by soaking and thermal treatment. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of jack bean pretreatment (no soaking, water soaking, or NaHCO3 soaking) followed by heat treatment (boiling or roasting) on HCN levels, proximate content, and physical characteristics of jack bean flour. Peeled jack bean is given a soaking treatment (without soaking, soaked in water for 24 hours, and soaked for 24 hours in NaHCO3 1%), followed by boiling for 60 minutes or roasting for 30 minutes, then dried and ground. The jack bean flours is analyzed for HCN content, water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content, as well as the degree of whiteness and aw.. This study showed that soaking treatment for 24 hours followed by boiling for 1 hour could reduce HCN levels to 4 mg/Kg, but roasting treatment could increase HCN levels in jack bean flour compared to the control. Pretreatment had a significant effect on water content, ash content, and fat content, while protein and carbohydrate levels had no significant effect. There was no difference in the degree of whiteness except for the roasting treatment, while the water activity decreased significantly in the range of 0.2-0.5 and lower than without treatment

This research aimed to develop an interactive Android e-book using Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance student learning outcomes of Green Business courses. The e-book included both offline and online resources and utilized AR to provide 3D visuals for a more engaging learning experience. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the Plomp Model. This model consists of five stages namely Preliminary Investigation ; Design ; Realization / Construction ; Test, Evaluation and Revision ; and Implementation. The data analysis technique is an Effectiveness Test using SmartPLS4 software. The results showed that the Green Business e-book effectively improved students' learning outcomes. This research indicates that visually-based e-books can be an effective tool for enhancing student learning outcomes. Educational institutions should consider developing more digital learning materials, especially those related to topics such as Green Business.

The small-scale garment industry has gained significant influence in Indonesia. However, with the challenges posed by the pandemic era, the industry must adapt to ensure its long-term sustainability. The objective of this research is to analyze the marketing strategy of small-scale garment products, specifically examining the proportion of online and offline marketing strategies, as the success of these products in the market relies on the effective utilization of both strategies. The urgency of this research stems from the daily market demand for garment products and the crucial role played by dominating small-scale garment companies in contributing to the economy's development. This research adopts a mixed-method approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative approach involves conducting interviews with owners of small-scale garment businesses, commonly known as convection businesses. Meanwhile, the quantitative approach is used to analyze the proportion of online and offline marketing strategies. The qualitative analysis utilizes a Markov approach to provide insights into future marketing strategy proportions and possibilities. The research was conducted at a small-scale garment center located in Kutawaringin Village, West Bandung Regency. The results indicate that during the pandemic era, garment businesses have increasingly embraced online marketing strategies to enhance their marketing performance. Furthermore, businesses that have traditionally relied on offline marketing are also increasing their proportion of online marketing strategy implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of small entrepreneurs lies in the drying of cassava chips. Incomplete drying causes the color to become black, the taste and aroma to be less than perfect. The drying technique used was sunlight, because during the rainy season the production cannot be continued with limited stock and increased number of orders, while stock is limited and orders increase. This program is directed to an apprenticeship with the aim to make oven in the future. Another problem is the need to expand. Therefore, training on making mocaf noodles was held because the market for noodles was high. The market will be wider through product/derivative diversification, which has implications for increasing people's income and welfare. Another activity is involving participants in online marketing training. The purpose of PKM is to increase and maintain production continuity and increase profits through the creation of derivative products. The target audience were people who are already engaged in the mocaf business, small culinary entrepreneurs. The training methods involved tutorials and technical training based on Islamic values. Based on the results of the apprenticeship, small equipment can be easily made; however, the larger ones were not completed due to the shortage of funds. The manufacturing and marketing of noodles have been occupied by a number of small culinary entrepreneurs, and sold to meatball traders and consumers who were customers initially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small leakage in the primary circuit of a nuclear power plant reactor may trigger the occurrence of countercurrent flow which probably develops into a flooding regime followed by the zero penetration caused core cooling failure. During extensive studies in the flooding phenomena in the PWR hot leg, the geometry effects have been widely investigated. The present study investigates the effects of I/D ratios of the riser on the interfacial fluctuations during the counter-current flow on a 1/30 scaled down PWR hot leg geometry. Here, the liquid film fluctuations were acquired by using parallel wire array probes on the basis of a conductance concept. Three I/D ratios which were varied consisted 1.9 (R1), 3.9 (R2) and 8.3 (R3). The obtained data were analyzed on the basis of both time and frequency domains. From the PDF the flooding regime obtains multimodal distributions, while the PSD approaches lower frequencies with higher magnitudes corresponding to either the occurrence of water blockage or slugs. Keywords: I/D ratio, water level fluctuation, counter-current flow, PWR hot leg, parallel wire array probe, stochastic analysis.

Abstract This study investigated the use of active sachets that emit volatile antimicrobial compounds — ethanol, with and without the addition of cinnamon oil (CO) — to extend the shelf-life of packaged sweetbread. The addition of CO was expected to mask any undesirable odor from ethanol and enhance its antimicrobial efficacy. The active sachets contained ethanol emitter (EE) only and EE combined with CO (ECOE) at the dose of 0.5 and 1 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The effects of active sachets were evaluated based on mold (Rhizopus stolonifer) growth inhibition, hardness, and sensory properties of the packaged sweetbread. The obtained results showed that the mold growth fully covered the Petri dish containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) in 3 days and 4 days in samples without an active sachet and with the EE sachet, respectively. Interestingly, there was no mold growth in samples containing active sachets ECOE 0.5 MIC and 1 MIC. The hardness of the sweetbread, measured with a texture analyzer, was 2105.2 gf for the control, 1375.0 gf for EE, 1313.0 gf for ECOE 0.5 MIC, and 1224.8 gf for ECOE 1 MIC, thus indicating a slower staling rate when using active sachets. Sensory evaluation revealed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the overall acceptance parameter between sweetbread packaged with and without active sachets (EE and ECOE) treatments indicating there was no decreasing consumer preference. The addition of CO to ethanol emitters enhanced the extension of the shelf-life of packaged sweetbread by inhibiting mold growth and reducing staling without decreasing sensory quality.

The occurrence of flood disasters is an annual unavoidable event in the Mejobo District, Kudus Regency. This study aims to map the vulnerable areas to floods in the Mejobo District using spatial modelling. The parameters used to determine the vulnerability areas include soil type, elevation, population density, river buffer, rainfall, and land use. The research location is situated in the Mejobo District. The research method employed is the models and multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, with the assistance of ArcGIS software for data processing and analysis. The research findings yield a final map depicting flood vulnerability, which indicates the distribution of flood-prone areas. Areas with a high level of flood vulnerability are dispersed across agricultural fields and areas adjacent to rivers, covering an area of 1,770 hectares. Meanwhile, areas with a moderate level of vulnerability are predominantly distributed in residential areas, covering an area of 1,907 hectares.

Chia and basil seeds are a plant-based source that possess unique characteristic, including the ability to form a gel when hydrated due to polysaccharide layer on outer seeds can absorb water This property can be applied to food products that may easily suffer texture damage such as yogurt. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the potential of chia and basil seeds as a hydrocolloid source that can affect yogurt characteristics and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Chia and basil seeds in this study were each processed into two treatments: flour and hydration of whole seeds (1:30). Each treatment was added to yogurt formulation with concentration: 0, 1, 2, and 3% (w/v), then evaluated by preference test to determine selected formulation. Two formulations that were organoleptically preferred by panelists were yogurt with hydrated chia 2% and hydrated basil 3% according to hedonic rating test. The selected formulations were proximate content analysis, syneresis, viscosity, and total LAB. The addition of chia and basil seeds into yoghurt had significant effects on syneresis and viscosity at a significance level of 5%. The syneresis of yogurt with hydrated chia 2% was 1.37±0.21% while the syneresis of yogurt with hydrated basil 3% was 0.58±0.05% which was lower than control 2.44±0.24%. Viscosity of yogurt with hydrated chia 2% was 3808.33±38.19 cP and yogurt with hydrated basil 3% was 4175.00±25.00 cP, which was higher than control 3116.67±28.87 cP. Total LAB in chia yogurt reaching 1.1×109 CFU/g and basil yogurt reaching 1.2×109 CFU/g was higher than control 8.7×107 CFU/g. Overall, the addition of chia and basil seeds improved the quality of yogurt.

White tea is a plant-derived product from Camellia sinensis L, which is processed without enzymatic oxidation and fermentation. The high identity traits (HITS) is a sensory evaluation method that identifies dominant attributes using five attributes to describe each sample. The sensory evaluation research on white tea uses the HITS method with an environmental approach aimed at identifying dominant attributes of white tea using both trained and untrained panelists, as well as at determining the intensity of these dominant attributes using an environmental approach with both trained and untrained panelists. The materials used were five samples of Gamboeng white tea, Heizl, Dandang, Pucuk, and Ennie1. The HITS method with trained panelists successfully identified dominant attributes as follows: yellow-brown brew color, rose aroma, rose flavor, astringent aftertaste, and light mouthfeel. Meanwhile, the experiment using untrained panelists showed dominant attributes as follows: yellow-brown brew color, jasmine aroma, jasmine flavor, astringent aftertaste, and light mouthfeel. The HITS method with an immersive approach for both trained and untrained panelists had an impact on increasing the intensity of aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel while decreasing the intensity of aftertaste.

Objective: This study aims to map the distribution of the Aspartate 614 to Glycine (Asp614Gly) mutation in the spike protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) circulating in West Sumatra, to understand the extent of its spread within the local population. Methods: RNA samples were taken from 98 confirmed COVID-19 cases across various area in West Sumatra. Genetic amplification and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed to identify the presence of the Asp614Gly mutation. The frequency of mutations was analyzed using bioinformatics software. Results: Out of the 98 samples analyzed, approximately 97% exhibited the Asp614Gly mutation. The geographic distribution of this mutation showed significant variation among the districts of West Sumatra, with the highest prevalence in urban areas. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the Asp614Gly mutation is highly prevalent in West Sumatra. Associated with increased virus transmissibility, this mutation dominates the circulating virus strains in the region, highlighting the need for ongoing genetic surveillance to guide public health interventions and vaccination strategies.

Sports play a significant role in improving human health and financial status, particularly in competitive sports. It is also closely related to the prestige of a region or country. To achieve maximum results, appropriate guidance is required, which can be provided by relevant parties. Policy makers require a specific coaching system based on the characteristics of different sports, which should be carried out continuously with systematically arranged stages. With numerous sports available, it can be challenging to monitor the progress and evaluation of each sport. Therefore, it is necessary to categorize sports based on their characteristics. This research aims to form categories of sports that are adapted to the various characteristics of each sport. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The sports that are used as references are those that are competed in the Olympics, as well as those that are competed in Indonesia, especially in National Sports Week (PON). The sample includes 39 sports. After analyzing the characteristics of sports, the following categorizations have been produced: accuracy sports, martial arts, extreme sports, assessment sports, games sports, racquet sports, and measurable sports. Keywords: Category, Identification, Sport, Olympics.

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) can improve power quality in a grid with various integrated energy resources. The BESS can adjust the supply and demand to maintain a more stable, reliable, and resilient power system. Connected to the grid, BESS can respond quickly as a voltage regulator on the grid in the event of a voltage drop during peak load or when a disturbance occurs. Thus, the equipment has designed a voltage regulation scheme to prevent voltage drops and poor power quality caused by some rapid voltage fluctuations. This study investigates the role of BESS as a voltage control combined with a defense scheme mechanism at a high-voltage network in Jakarta. ETAP modeling software has investigated several voltage regulation systems with BESS at the substation indications. The results showed that the BESS at Substations can improve the voltage quality on the grid through voltage regulation.

Although the existence of swimming pools is very important for people who need to exercise or just have fun with their families, there are still few studies conducted to explore how to analyze the strategic planning of swimming pool companies in order to grow and develop. For this reason, this research will carry out strategic planning for the company Oasis Pool. The research stage consists of analyzing the internal and external strategies of the Oasis Pool company using the AHP SWOT method. In the second stage, a structural analysis of Oasis Pool's corporate strategy is carried out using the interpretative structural modeling (ISM) method. The results showed that the most appropriate strategy in the development of Oasis Pool's business is a growth strategy. This strategy can be implemented by maximizing fast response services and always maintaining spare parts availability to increase customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the key element of the strategy that will determine the success of Oasis Pool's corporate strategic planning is to maintain fast response to improve service quality. In order to maintain Oasis Pool's business to grow and develop and win the market competition, it is necessary to do the following things such as: design a good work system, active management to make improvements and innovations and keep up with technological developments. The main contribution of this article is to assist swimming pool managers such as Oasis Pool in carrying out effective strategic planning using AHP - SWOT and ISM methods.

Ready-to-drink tea (RTD) is packaged tea that is widely available in supermarkets, one form of which is less sugar tea. Less sugar tea RTD had low sugar claims, ready to serve-consume, and was also consumed with various complementary foods. The combination of less-sugar tea RTD with complementary foods will produce sensory properties if consumed simultaneously, as called food pairing. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of sensory, emotional, and need-state attributes of the combination of less sugar tea RTD and its complementary food. This research was conducted by initial panelist screening, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to determine sensory attributes, emotions, and need-state, sensory testing conducted by Home Used Test (HUT). The responses obtained were processed using XLSTAT Software and produced a sensory profile, emotions, and needstate food pairing less sugar tea RTD. The results showed that consumers like less sugar tea RTD paired with cassava chips snacks, with sensory attributes i.e., floral aroma, roasted aroma, tea flavor, sweet, astringent, roasted beef aroma, cassava flavor, crunchy, umami, oily mouthfeel, salty aftertaste, and bitter. It’s close to the ideal pairing based on CATA results. This pairing also produces positive emotions (satisfied, adventurous, and energetic) for consumers. While less sugar tea RTD and crackers side dish is dominated by attributes of floral aroma, roasted aroma, tea flavor, sweet, astringent, milky aroma, cheese flavor, crunchy, salty, creamy mouthfeel, salty aftertaste, and bitter aftertaste. Flat, bored, and disappointed as negative emotions arise when consuming less sugar tea with biscuits and crackers. The pair less sugar tea RTD - cassava chips is considered to have overall flavor complexity that produces good harmony compared to other pairs. It’s the best pair according to consumer panelists

It is important to note that some species of bamboo are protected and considered endangered. However, distinguishing between traded and protected bamboo species or differentiating between bamboo species for various purposes remains a challenge. This requires specialized skills to identify the type of bamboo, and currently, the process can only be carried out in the forest for bamboo that is still in clump form by experienced researchers or officers. However, a study has been conducted to develop an easier and faster method of identifying bamboo species. The study aims to create an automatic identification system for bamboo stems based on their anatomical structure (ASINABU). The bamboo identification algorithm was developed using macroscopic images of cross-sectioned bamboo stems and the research method used was the convolutional neural network (CNN). CNN was designed to identify bamboo species with images taken using a cellphone camera equipped with a lens. The final product is an Android automatic identification application that can detect bamboo species with an accuracy of 99.9%.

This study aimed to examine how the head of MI Ma'arif Kedawung, uses his leadership style to improve the effectiveness of teacher performance. The achievement of quality education goals is highly dependent on teacher performance. Field studies with other qualitative methods were used to compile this research. In-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis were used to collect this data. This study's subjects were the madrasah's head and two educators of MI Ma'arif Kedawung. Our purpose in conducting this research is to gain insight into how the leadership style of madrasah heads builds a conducive environment that supports the formation of quality human resources in the world. The research results on the leadership style of the head of the madrasah influence the performance of teachers in MI Ma'arif Kedawung. The results of this study show democratic leadership styles have a positive impact on encouraging teacher performance in MI Ma'arif Kedawung. Support in effective communication, coaching and professional development, motivation, and problem-solving also play a vital role in improving human resources, namely teachers and staff.

Ekonomi sirkular atau ekonomi yang berkelanjutan menjadi salah satu pilar dalam visi Indonesia untuk tahun 2045. Diseminasi ekonomi sirkular kepada msayarakat perlu dilakukan secara massif dan intensif ke berbagai sektor. Namun demikian, kegiatan atapun pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan ekonomi sirkular bagi anak usia sekolah dasar belum banyak dilakukan. Sehingga kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada siswa sekolah dasar di SDN Pamarayan 1 melalui praktek composting yang menjadi salah satu bagian dari pemanfaatan sampah organik. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan di kelas secara klasikal dengan menggunakan pembelajaran interkatif dan praktek sehingga selain adanya pemberian muatan materi tentang pengelolaan sampah juga dilanjutkan dengan praktek pembuatan kompos.

The Citarum River is facing pollution and damage due to domestic and industrial activities. The provincial and national governments have implemented several programs to address the Citarum issue. One key aspect of rehabilitating the Citarum River basin is the increase in environmental awareness among the community. This research aims to examine the influence of the Citarum Harum Program on the formation of Eco-literacy among the communities in Upper Citarum. A survey was conducted with 393 respondents who reside along the banks of the Upper Citarum River, distributed across the 8 sectors of the Citarum Harum Program. The research instruments used include structured questionnaires, documentary studies, and interview guidelines. Data analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with SmartPLS software version 3.2.9. The results of the study indicate that Eco-literacy (ECO) has a positive correlation with the handling of existing problems (HP) with a t-value of 1.136. Eco-literacy (ECO) has a negative correlation with the physical, social, and environmental characteristics (CH) with a t-value of -0.486, as well as with the occurrence of problems with a t-value of -0.237. This suggests that the formation of eco-literacy among the communities in Upper Citarum is highly dependent on the efforts undertaken by the task force. However, there is currently no connectivity between the knowledge and attitudes of the community towards actions in the restoration of river pollution and damage.

Developing new and renewable energy (NRE) is a sustainable solution to the current complexity associated with population growth and environmental problems. Some developed countries have recognized renewable energy development as a substitute for non-renewable energy such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Therefore, this study employed the geospatial approach scheme to identify the NRE potential in the Cipunegara watershed. This was achieved using regional research with a spatial approach and considering five locations in the upstream area of the Cipunegara watershed. Data were collected through observation, consultation with experts, and map interpretation, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that only location 2 had a significant potential to be used in building a dam to generate electrical energy. This study was based on several aspects such as hydrology, morphology, topography, meteorology, erosion, geology, and land use. The results were derived from empirical data and geospatial modeling, and expected to serve as a significant reference for the central government in developing EBT as the tangible manifestation of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 program and the implementation of the national research master plan 2017-2045.

Postharvest processing affects the chemical components and sensory attributes of coffee beans. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of postharvest processing on caffeoylquinic acids and alkaloids (bioactive compounds) and sensory attributes (aroma and taste) of brewed coffee. Coffee beans of Kalosi-Enrekang were processed using three postharvest processing methods (honey, natural, and full-washed), roasted at a medium degree, and brewed with tubruk brewing techniques. Bioactive compounds were analyzed using UPLC-PDA and sensory attributes were analyzed using the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis method. The data were analyzed using single-factor ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis. The research showed that postharvest processing did not affect the bioactive compound of brewed coffee. Postharvest processing affected the aroma and taste attributes of brewed coffee. Natural processing had dominant attributes of fruity, spicy, sweet, and caramelized. Honey processing had dominant attributes of nutty and roasted, while full-washed processing did not have dominant attributes. The result also showed that caffeoylquinic acids and alkaloids did not affect coffee brewed's aroma and taste attributes.

This research aims to determine the influence of financial inclusion and economic growth on sustainable development in developing countries in Asia. This research method uses quantitative research. This research was conducted on the International Monetary Fund and World Bank websites. The type of data used in this research is secondary data. Where the data collected comes from necessary websites such as the International Monetary Fund. Data collected from this website is used for the financial inclusion and poverty variables obtained from the International Monetary Fund website. Meanwhile, the scope of this research is developing countries in Asia such as Armenia, Indonesia, India, Iran, and Thailand with a research data series for 8 years, namely from January 2015 to December 2022. The variable data collection method comes from websites related to variables. study. Meanwhile, the type of data used in this research is a time series, where the data is a time series. Data analysis technique multiple regression analysis. Pooled Least Square (Common Effect), Random Effect Model Approach, Determination of Panel Data Regression Model Tests, Chow Test, Hausman Test, Lagrange Multiplier Test, Statistical Test Analysis, Parameter significance testing, F statistical test, individual significance test (t-test), analysis of assumption tests consisting of autocorrelation test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test. The research results show that panel data estimation results used the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) to see the role of financial inclusion and economic growth on poverty in developing countries in Asia, proven by the two independent variables with financial inclusion as indicators of commercial bank branches, outstanding loans, outstanding deposits and proven economic growth. does not affect poverty in developing countries in Asia. Whether the indicators are commercial bank branches, outstanding loans, outstanding deposits, and economic growth, these four variables do not have a probability of < 0.05.

Candida albicans can cause two infections in humans: superficial and systemic. The ability of C. albicans to infect the host is influenced by virulence factors and character changes so that it can fool the immune system. From the character change factor, C. albicans can form a biofilm. This study aims to determine the good concentration in inhibiting and determine the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of nanoemulsion mouthwash formulation of bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) skin extract against C. albicans. This research was conducted with an experimental method. The formulation used a spontaneous magnetic stirrer technique to make nanoemulsion preparations. Antifungal and antibiofilm tests were carried out by dilution method using a 96-well plate and a microplate reader with a wavelength of 620 nm to determine the percentage inhibition against C. albicans and determine MIC50 and MBIC50. The results showed that the nanoemulsion mouthwash formulation of S. littoralis inhibited the planktonic and biofilm of C. albicans. The concentration of 0.5% is expressed as MIC50 and 1% as MBIC50. Therefore, the nanoemulsion formulation of S. littoralis extract could inhibit the growth of C. albicans in the oral cavity.

Consumption of honey has increased in recent years. This included trigona honey as a new market that is developing. This research was conducted to (1) identify the consumption patterns for Indonesian honey, and (2) identify the sensory attributes of honey considered ideal by consumers which influence consumer acceptance and satisfaction. There were 2 stages of activity in this study, including a consumption online survey by 225 respondents and a sensory testing of honey samples using the CATA (check-all-that-apply) method involving 64 untrained panelists. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS and XLSTAT 2022 software. There were 4 honey samples used in this study: 2 Apis bee honey samples and 2 trigona honey samples. The study showed that the consumption pattern of Indonesian honey consumers is influenced by the consumers’ age and income. Health benefits, brand awareness, and taste of honey were the important factors in consumer behavior. Apis bee honeys were perceived as the ideal honey by consumers as they were very familiar with the taste. The sweet aroma, sweet aftertaste, caramel flavor, and viscous attributes of Apis bee honey were the attributes that the consumers like. The floral flavor and fruity aroma found in trigona honey were appealing. However, the strong sour aroma, taste, and aftertaste found in trigona honeys decrease the Indonesian consumers liking.

This study aims to find out how the implementation of the teacher's example in the formation of the character of social care and discipline in children aged 5-6 years in TKIB, Pandeglang Regency, to find out the various characteristics of children in TKIB, Pandeglang Regency, and to find out the teacher's obstacles in forming character social care and child discipline. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection tools namely observation, interviews, documentation and triangulation, in this study the subjects of the research were children aged 5-6 years. The results of the study show that the implementation of the teacher's example in shaping the character of social care and discipline in children is urgently needed. This can be seen from the way the teacher sets a good example by implementing the character values of social care and discipline in daily learning activities at school. However, there are several obstacles faced by teachers regarding the formation of social care and child discipline characters such as time constraints where teachers do not have much time at school to continue implementing these things. In addition to the time factor, the child's personal circumstances are also one of the obstacles in forming the socially caring and disciplined character of children through the implementation of the teacher's example. So it can be concluded that the implementation of the teacher's example is very influential in shaping the social care and discipline character of children aged 5-6 years in TKIB, Pandeglang Regency, Banten.

TOEFL (Test of English as Foreign Language) training is a necessity for students in Islamic boarding schools, especially for final year students who will take the TOEFL test as one of the requirements for graduation or when entering the world of work. One of the pesantrens that is used as a partner is Pesantren Al-Mashduqie, Kamal, Bangkalan. The main problem faced by the partner is the lack of understanding related to TOEFL so that the TOEFL scores of students in the AlMashduqie Islamic Boarding School are still not in line with the expected target. Therefore, community service activities carried out by the academic community in the English Literature Study Program need to be carried out as a form of practicing the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. The purpose of this activity is to increase the TOEFL score of students in the Al-Mashduqie Islamic Boarding School in Bangkalan Regency. The dedication method used during the training activities are the lecture method, question and answer, and practice working on TOEFL questions in accordance with the material that has been prepared by the presenters. The results of the community service activities show that there is an increase in the TOEFL score of students in Al-Mashduqie Islamic Boarding School environment, Kamal, Bangkalan

Abstract Tauco is a fermented soybean paste like miso but typical from Indonesia, commonly used as umami seasoning. This study objective was to evaluate the nutritional composition of diverse tauco products found in Indonesia and to determine a potential tauco product characterized by certain amino acids related to umami peptides (Asp, Glu, Gly, Ser, Thr, Val). Proximate composition, NaCl salt, total sugars, total acids, and total amino acid profiles of 24 tauco products, collected from 24 producers in 7 provinces in Indonesia, were analyzed. The proximate composition mapped tauco into solid (containing 29.2–35.3% moisture on wet weight basis or ww), semisolid (42.2–54.5% ww moisture), and liquid (56.2–68.1% ww moisture). Solid tauco composed of 54.7–65.2% carbohydrates, 10.0–22.8% ashes, 7.13–16.9% NaCl salt, 9.72–11.9% crude proteins, 11.9–27.0% total sugars, 6.98–23.4% crude fats, 1.24–2.18% total acids, and 11.4–17.5% total amino acids on dry weight basis (dw). In contrast, liquid tauco consisted of 8.47–56.5% dw carbohydrates, 17.1–73.8% dw ashes, 10.7–68.4% dw NaCl, 20.4–30.9% dw crude proteins, 4.45–29.9.5% dw total sugars, 1.30–18.9% dw crude fats, 1.65–5.36% dw total acids, and 14.1–24.6% dw total amino acids. All tauco had a slight acidic pH, ranged from 4.38 to 5.91. Glu and Asp were the dominant amino acids of tauco, comprising 25–40% of total amino acids. Mapping of total amino acid profile mentioned a tauco product, characterized by the highest concentration of amino acids related to umami peptides. This finding leads to the exploration of umami peptides to reveal the science behind its traditional use as umami seasoning.

The background of this research is to analyze the value of the effect of the Jigsaw Method in class VII learning. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the learning process of Islamic Religious Education and Morals before using the Jigsaw method; (2) Knowing the learning process of Islamic Religious Education and Character after using the Jigsaw method; and (3) Knowing the inhibiting and supporting factors of the learning process of Islamic Religious Education and Morals. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The research subject is the influence of the Jigsaw method in the learning process of Islamic religious education and character. Data analysis results with descriptive qualitative techniques, the results of the research researchers obtained the influence of the Jigsaw method contained in the learning process. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between the Jigsaw method, namely: a) Reading: students accept topics and read the material provided to find information; b) Expert or expert group discussion: students who discuss the same topic meet to discuss it in expert groups; c) Group report: experts return to their respective groups and explain their topic to their group members; d) Tests: students take individual tests that contain all topics; e) Group rewards: group scores are calculated. The results of the value analysis of the influence of the Jigsaw Method on Improving the Learning Process of Islamic Religious Education & Morals for Grade VII in the Material of imitating the glory of Allah's Apostle at SMPN 1 Karawang Timur.

Despite the diverse atmospheric circulations affecting the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC), i.e., El Nino Southern Oscillation-ENSO, Indian Ocean Dipole-IOD, Madden Julian Oscillation-MJO, Monsoon, there is a lack of research on their interaction with hydrological events in watersheds. This study fills this gap by providing insights into the dominant atmospheric events and their correlation with the water supply in three characteristic watersheds, i.e., Tondano (north/Pacific Ocean), Jangka (south/Indian Ocean), and Kapuas (equatorial/interior) in IMC. The research used the standardized precipitation index for the 1-monthly (SPI1), 3-monthly (SPI3), and 6-monthly (SPI3) scale generated from 23 years (2000–2022) of monthly historical satellite rainfall data. The analysis compared each location's SPI indices with the monthly Nino 3.4, Dipole Mode Index (DMI), MJO (100E and 120E), Monsoon index, and streamflow data. The result shows that the dominant atmospheric events for the Tondano watershed were ENSO, IOD, and MJO, with correlation values of −0.62, −0.26, and −0.35, respectively. The MJO event was dominant for the Kapuas watershed, with a correlation value of −0.28. ENSO and IOD were dominant for the Jangka watershed, with correlation values of −0.27 and −0.28, respectively. The monsoon correlated less with the SPI3 in all locations, while it modulates the wet and dry period pattern annually. Most intense dry periods in Tondano occur with the activation of El Nino, while the intense wet period occurs even in normal atmospheric conditions. Most intense wet periods in Jangka occur with the activation of La Nina, while the intense dry period occurs even in normal atmospheric conditions. The occurrence of MJO compensates for the intense wet and dry periods in Kapuas. The correlation among SPI3, atmospheric circulation, and streamflow in the diverse watershed characteristics in the IMC watersheds could give strategic information for watershed management and applies to other watersheds with similar atmospheric circulation characteristics.

Along with the development of technology, the film industry continues to increase, this can be seen from the number of films that appear both in cinemas and tv shows. The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is a website that provides information about films from around the world, including the people involved in the films. Information contained on IMDB such as actor/actress, director, writer, to the soundtrack used. In addition, IMDb is the most popular and trusted source of information for movies, TV, and other celebrity content. In this case, the researcher will conduct research on the film with what title is the most popular among the public by looking at some of the parameters contained in IMDB such as the number on the rating, score, certificate, and votes obtained from the audience. The data used comes from the Kaggle.com website. The data mining method used is the K-Means clustering method. To find out the optimal cluster value, the Davies Bouldin index is used. The K-Means algorithm will group the data based on the centroid. The parameters used for clustering are runtime, IMDB rating, meta score, number of votes, and gross. The results of the study obtained that the average calculation of the highest attributes was 48.74 and the number of clusters formed was 4 clusters. The results of the evaluation using the confusion matrix obtained an accuracy value of 100%.

Text classification is imperative in order to search for more accessible and appropriate information. It utilized in various fields, including marketing, security, biomedical, etc. Apart from its usefulness, the available classifiers are vulnerable to two major problems, namely long processing time and low accuracy. They can result from a large amount of data presented in the text classification problem. In this paper, we propose a model called Class-Based Fuzzy Soft Associative (CBFSA). This model is a combination of the association rules method and fuzzy soft set model. We used Fuzzy Soft Set Association Rules Mining for generating classifiers and Fuzzy Decision Set of an FP-Soft Set for building classifiers. Our experiment for the 20 Newsgroups dataset on 20 class documents has shown that CBFSA is more accurate than the other soft set classifiers: Soft Set Classifier (SCC), Fuzzy Soft Set Classifier (FSSC) and Hybrid Fuzzy Classifier (HFC). Besides that, it has also shown that CBFSA is more accurate and efficient compared to other associative classifiers such as the classification Based on Association (CBA) method.

This research aimed to determine the effect of inculcating entrepreneurial values on business independence and sustainability among 216 batik craftsmen. It also aimed to examine the effect of business independence on business sustainability. Additionally, it intended to determine the impact of entrepreneurial values on business sustainability through business independence. The education of entrepreneurial values that are integrated into business independence is theoretically possible to be one of the strengthening factors for business continuity. Sixty-eight samples were selected from the population of batik craft entrepreneurs. The sampling technique uses proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with Path Analysis. Entrepreneurial values positively and significantly affect business independence and sustainability. Business independence positively and significantly affects business sustainability. Similarly, entrepreneurial values positively and significantly affect business sustainability through business independence. This research shows that the inculcation of entrepreneurial values has a positive and significant effect both directly and through the mediating variables of business independence. It is proven that the inculcation of entrepreneurial values through business independence has a more significant influence than a direct relationship with business continuity. This research offers insight into the importance of inculcating entrepreneurial values on business sustainability directly and through business independence.

Purpose: Flood discharge is a critical component in reducing the impact of flooding in a given location. An analytical technique based on a watershed's morphometric properties is a method for those without a gauge, particularly in small-scale watersheds. Design/methodology/approach: The synthetic unit hydrograph (HSS) approach is used in this study to analyze flood output. This study was conducted in the Akelaka watershed, a sub-watershed of Tayawi. This analysis relies on spatial and attributes data. A spatial study of watershed morphometric properties was obtained by integrating digital elevation model (DEM) data into geographic information system-based applications (GIS). Meanwhile, using rainfall data from 2019 to 2021, a statistical approach is used to calculate the design rainfall intensity, which is then used as an input variable in the HSS analysis. Findings: The findings of hydrographic analysis using Nakayasu HSS demonstrate that the peak flood time (Tp) is 2.8 hours with a maximum flood discharge (Qp) of 56.636 m3/s, 76, 987 m3/s, 88,091 m3/s, and 101,279 m3/s for return periods of two years, five years, ten years, and 25 years. Paper type: Research paper

This research was motivated by the existence of a circular letter from the Minister of Education and Culture regarding the implementation of education policies during the spread of COVID-19, making face-to-face learning in schools stopped and switching to online learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the online learning practices applied by the teacher in thematic learning of MI AU students in Bogor Regency, as well as to determine students' interest in online thematic learning. The object of this research was 65 people, both men and women. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative method. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire in which the researcher arranged questions related to students' interest in online thematic learning. Furthermore, the questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of research on students' interest in online-based thematic learning during the COVID-19 pandemic at MI AU showed student interest with a percentage of 76.22% of the 22 statement items given to students through a questionnaire. The learning practice uses the WhatsApp group application because the application is easy to use by parents. Thus, students' interest in online-based thematic learning shows a very high interest.