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308 results on '"De Cesare M"'

2. Nuclear Physics Mid Term Plan at LNGS

Author

Buompane, R., Cavanna, F., Curceanu, C., D’Onofrio, A., Di Leva, A., Formicola, A., Gialanella, L., Gustavino, C., Imbriani, G., Junker, M., Marcianò, A., Marzaioli, F., Nania, R., Napolitano, F., Piscicchia, K., Straniero, O., Abia, C., Aliotta, M., Bemmerer, D., Best, A., Boeltzig, A., Bruno, C., Caciolli, A., Chieffi, A., Ciani, G., D’Agata, G., deBoer, R. J., De Cesare, M., Dell’Aquila, D., Depalo, R., Dominguez, I., Ferraro, F., Garcia Duarte, J., Guglielmetti, A., Gyürky, Gy., Hayakawa, S., La Cognata, M., Lamia, L., Marcucci, L. E., Masha, E., Mazzocco, M., Morales-Gallegos, E. L., Palmerini, S., Passariello, I., Petraglia, A., Piatti, D., Pignatari, M., Pizzone, R. G., Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Rapisarda, G. G., Romano, S., Rubino, M., Santonastaso, C., Sergi, M. L., Skowronski, J., Spartà, R., Terrasi, F., Tumino, A., Turkat, S., Wiescher, M., and Zavatarelli, S.

Published
2024
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4. Uranium comparison by means of AMS and ICP-MS and Pu and 137Cs results around an Italian Nuclear Power Plant

Author

De Cesare M., Tims S.G., and Fifield L.K.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Italy built and commissioned 4 nuclear power plants between 1958-1978, which delivered a total of 1500 MW. All four were closed down after the Chernobyl accident following a referendum in 1987. One of the plants was Garigliano, commissioned in 1959. This plant used a 160 MW BWR1 (SEU of 2.3 %) and was operational from 1964 to 1979, when it was switched off for maintenance. It was definitively stopped in 1982, and is presently being decommissioned. We report here details on the chemistry procedure and on the measurements for soil samples, collected up to 4.5 km from the Nuclear Plant. A comparison between uranium (238U) concentration as determined by means of AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) and by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) techniques respectively at the ANU (Australian National University) and at the Ecowise company in Canberra, Australia, is reported, as well as 236U and 239;240Pu concentration results detected by AMS. 236U/238U and 240Pu/239Pu isotopic ratios by means of AMS are also provided. A contamination from Chernobyl is visible in the 137Cs/239+240Pu activity ratio measurements.

Published
2015
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5. Study of 236U/238U ratio at CIRCE using a 16-strip silicon detector with a TOF system

Author

De Cesare M., De Cesare N., D’Onofrio A., Gialanella L., and Terrasi F.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is presently the most sensitive technique for the measurement of long-lived actinides, e.g. 236U and xPu isotopes. A new actinide AMS system, based on a 3-MV pelletron tandem accelerator, is operated at the Center for Isotopic Research on Cultural and Environmental Heritage (CIRCE) in Caserta, Italy. In this paper we report on the procedure adopted to increase the 236U abundance sensitivity as low as possible. The energy and position determinations of the 236U ions, using a 16-strip silicon detector have been obtained. A 236U/238U isotopic ratio background level of about 2.9×10−11 was obtained, summing over all the strips, using a Time of Flight-Energy (TOF-E) system with a 16-strip silicon detector (4.9×10−12 just with one strip).

Published
2015
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6. A novel beam focus control at the entrance to the ANU 14UD accelerator

Author

De Cesare M., Weisser D. C., Fifield L. K., Tunningley T. B., and Lobanov N.R.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Tandem electrostatic accelerators often require the flexibility to operate at variety of terminal voltages to cater for various user needs. However beam transmission will only be optimal for a limited range of terminal voltages. This paper describes a focussing system that greatly expands the range of terminal voltages for optimal transmission. This is achieved by controlling the gradient of the entrance of the low-energy tube providing an additional controllable focusing element. Up to 150 kV is applied to the fifth electrode of the first unit of the accelerator tube giving control of the tube entrance lens strength. Beam tests to confirm the efficacy of the lens have been performed. These tests demonstrate that the entrance lens control eliminates the need to short out sections of the tube for low terminal voltage operation.

Published
2013
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23. Corrigendum to 'Ion beam analysis for recession determination and composition estimate of aerospace thermal protection system materials' [Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res. B 467 (2020) 53–57, (S0168583X20300069), (10.1016/j.nimb.2020.01.006)]

Author

Rapagnani D., De Cesare M., Alfano D., Buompane R., Cantoni S., De Stefano Fumo M., Del Vecchio A., D'Onofrio A., Porzio G., Rufolo G. C., Gialanella L., Rapagnani, D., De Cesare, M., Alfano, D., Buompane, R., Cantoni, S., De Stefano Fumo, M., Del Vecchio, A., D'Onofrio, A., Porzio, G., Rufolo, G. C., and Gialanella, L.

Published
2022

26. Test measurement of 7Be(p,γ)8B with the recoil mass separator ERNA

Author

Buompane, R., De Cesare, N., Di Leva, A., D’Onofrio, A., Gialanella, L., Romano, M., De Cesare, M., Duarte, J. G., Fülöp, Zs., Morales-Gallegos, L., Gyürky, Gy., Gasques, L. R., Marzaioli, F., Palumbo, G., Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Roca, V., Rogalla, D., Romoli, M., Sabbarese, C., Schürmann, D., and Terrasi, F.

Published
2018
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27. Validation of a novel technique with radioactive implanted ions for recession rate estimate of aerospace material

Author

Rapagnani, D, De Cesare, M, Buompane, R, Del Vecchio, A, Di Leva, A, D'Onofrio, A, Porzio, G, Gialanella, L, Rapagnani, D., De Cesare, M., Buompane, R., Del Vecchio, A., Di Leva, A., D'Onofrio, A., Porzio, G., Gialanella, L., Rapagnani, D, De Cesare, M, Buompane, R, Del Vecchio, A, Di Leva, A, D'Onofrio, A, Porzio, G, and Gialanella, L

Subjects
radioactive ion, thermal protection system, plasma wind tunnel, nuclear physics, remote sensor, gamma irradiation, reentry physics methodology
Abstract

Durability tests of thermal protection system (TPS) materials for space vehicles is of paramount importance in developing TPS materials. The limits of the presently used techniques and the need for higher accuracy and precision demand new reliable and more sensitive measurement methods. In this paper we present the validation of a new on-line and non intrusive technique to estimate the TPS material recession rate which exploits the surface layer implantation of radioactive Be-7 ions and the measurement of its characteristic gamma-rays during the recession test.

Published
2021

32. SARS-CoV-2 evolution during treatment of chronic infection

Author

Kemp, S. A., Collier, D. A., Datir, R. P., Ferreira, I. A. T. M., Gayed, S., Jahun, A., Hosmillo, M., Rees-Spear, C., Mlcochova, P., Lumb, I. U., Roberts, D. J., Chandra, A., Temperton, N., Baker, S., Dougan, G., Hess, C., Kingston, N., Lehner, P. J., Lyons, P. A., Matheson, N. J., Owehand, W. H., Saunders, C., Summers, C., Thaventhiran, J. E. D., Toshner, M., Weekes, M. P., Bucke, A., Calder, J., Canna, L., Domingo, J., Elmer, A., Fuller, S., Harris, J., Hewitt, S., Kennet, J., Jose, S., Kourampa, J., Meadows, A., O'Brien, C., Price, J., Publico, C., Rastall, R., Ribeiro, C., Rowlands, J., Ruffolo, V., Tordesillas, H., Bullman, B., Dunmore, B. J., Fawke, S., Graf, S., Hodgson, J., Huang, C., Hunter, K., Jones, E., Legchenko, E., Matara, C., Martin, J., Mescia, F., O'Donnell, C., Pointon, L., Pond, N., Shih, J., Sutcliffe, R., Tilly, T., Treacy, C., Tong, Z., Wood, J., Wylot, M., Bergamaschi, L., Betancourt, A., Bower, G., Cossetti, C., De Sa, A., Epping, M., Gleadall, N., Grenfell, R., Hinch, A., Huhn, O., Jackson, S., Jarvis, I., Lewis, D., Marsden, J., Nice, F., Okecha, G., Omarjee, O., Perera, M., Richoz, N., Romashova, V., Yarkoni, N. S., Sharma, R., Stefanucci, L., Stephens, J., Strezlecki, M., Turner, L., De Bie, E. M. D. D., Bunclark, K., Josipovic, M., Mackay, M., Rossi, S., Selvan, M., Spencer, S., Yong, C., Ansaripour, A., Michael, A., Mwaura, L., Patterson, C., Polwarth, G., Polgarova, P., di Stefano, G., Fahey, C., Michel, R., Bong, S. -H., Coudert, J. D., Holmes, E., Allison, J., Butcher, H., Caputo, D., Clapham-Riley, D., Dewhurst, E., Furlong, A., Graves, B., Gray, J., Ivers, T., Kasanicki, M., Le Gresley, E., Linger, R., Meloy, S., Muldoon, F., Ovington, N., Papadia, S., Phelan, I., Stark, H., Stirrups, K. E., Townsend, P., Walker, N., Webster, J., Robson, S. C., Loman, N. J., Connor, T. R., Golubchik, T., Martinez Nunez, R. T., Ludden, C., Corden, S., Johnston, I., Bonsall, D., Smith, C. P., Awan, A. R., Bucca, G., Estee Torok, M., Saeed, K., Prieto, J. A., Jackson, D. K., Hamilton, W. L., Snell, L. B., Moore, C., Harrison, E. M., Goncalves, S., Fairley, D. J., Loose, M. W., Watkins, J., Livett, R., Moses, S., Amato, R., Nicholls, S., Bull, M., Smith, D. L., Barrett, J., Aanensen, D. M., Curran, M. D., Parmar, S., Aggarwal, D., Shepherd, J. G., Parker, M. D., Glaysher, S., Bashton, M., Underwood, A. P., Pacchiarini, N., Loveson, K. F., Carabelli, A. M., Templeton, K. E., Langford, C. F., Sillitoe, J., de Silva, T. I., Wang, D., Kwiatkowski, D., Rambaut, A., O'Grady, J., Cottrell, S., Holden, M. T. G., Thomson, E. C., Osman, H., Andersson, M., Chauhan, A. J., Hassan-Ibrahim, M. O., Lawniczak, M., Alderton, A., Chand, M., Constantinidou, C., Unnikrishnan, M., Darby, A. C., Hiscox, J. A., Paterson, S., Martincorena, I., Robertson, D. L., Volz, E. M., Page, A. J., Pybus, O. G., Bassett, A. R., Ariani, C. V., Spencer Chapman, M. H., K. K., Li, Shah, R. N., Jesudason, N. G., Taha, Y., Mchugh, M. P., Dewar, R., Jahun, A. S., Mcmurray, C., Pandey, S., Mckenna, J. P., Nelson, A., Young, G. R., Mccann, C. M., Elliott, S., Lowe, H., Temperton, B., Roy, S., Price, A., Rey, S., Wyles, M., Rooke, S., Shaaban, S., de Cesare, M., Letchford, L., Silveira, S., Pelosi, E., Wilson-Davies, E., O'Toole, A., Hesketh, A. R., Stark, R., du Plessis, L., Ruis, C., Adams, H., Bourgeois, Y., Michell, S. L., Gramatopoulos, D., Edgeworth, J., Breuer, J., Todd, J. A., Fraser, C., Buck, D., John, M., Kay, G. L., Palmer, S., Peacock, S. J., Heyburn, D., Weldon, D., Robinson, E., Mcnally, A., Muir, P., Vipond, I. B., Boyes, J., Sivaprakasam, V., Salluja, T., Dervisevic, S., Meader, E. J., Park, N. R., Oliver, K., Jeffries, A. R., Ott, S., da Silva Filipe, A., Simpson, D. A., Williams, C., Masoli, J. A. H., Knight, B. A., Jones, C. R., Koshy, C., Ash, A., Casey, A., Bosworth, A., Ratcliffe, L., Xu-McCrae, L., Pymont, H. M., Hutchings, S., Berry, L., Jones, K., Halstead, F., Davis, T., Holmes, C., Iturriza-Gomara, M., Lucaci, A. O., Randell, P. A., Cox, A., Madona, P., Harris, K. A., Brown, J. R., Mahungu, T. W., Irish-Tavares, D., Haque, T., Hart, J., Witele, E., Fenton, M. L., Liggett, S., Graham, C., Swindells, E., Collins, J., Eltringham, G., Campbell, S., Mcclure, P. C., Clark, G., Sloan, T. J., Jones, C., Lynch, J., Warne, B., Leonard, S., Durham, J., Williams, T., Haldenby, S. T., Storey, N., Alikhan, N. -F., Holmes, N., Carlile, M., Perry, M., Craine, N., Lyons, R. A., Beckett, A. H., Goudarzi, S., Fearn, C., Cook, K., Dent, H., Paul, H., Davies, R., Blane, B., Girgis, S. T., Beale, M. A., Bellis, K. L., Dorman, M. J., Drury, E., Kane, L., Kay, S., Mcguigan, S., Nelson, R., Prestwood, L., Rajatileka, S., Batra, R., Williams, R. J., Kristiansen, M., Green, A., Justice, A., Mahanama, A. I. K., Samaraweera, B., Hadjirin, N. F., Quick, J., Poplawski, R., Kermack, L. M., Reynolds, N., Hall, G., Chaudhry, Y., Pinckert, M. L., Georgana, I., Moll, R. J., Thornton, A., Myers, R., Stockton, J., Williams, C. A., Yew, W. C., Trotter, A. J., Trebes, A., MacIntyre-Cockett, G., Birchley, A., Adams, A., Plimmer, A., Gatica-Wilcox, B., Mckerr, C., Hilvers, E., Jones, H., Asad, H., Coombes, J., Evans, J. M., Fina, L., Gilbert, L., Graham, L., Cronin, M., Kumziene-Summerhayes, S., Taylor, S., Jones, S., Groves, D. C., Zhang, P., Gallis, M., Louka, S. F., Starinskij, I., Jackson, C., Gourtovaia, M., Tonkin-Hill, G., Lewis, K., Tovar-Corona, J. M., James, K., Baxter, L., Alam, M. T., Orton, R. J., Hughes, J., Vattipally, S., Ragonnet-Cronin, M., Nascimento, F. F., Jorgensen, D., Boyd, O., Geidelberg, L., Zarebski, A. E., Raghwani, J., Kraemer, M. U. G., Southgate, J., Lindsey, B. B., Freeman, T. M., Keatley, J. -P., Singer, J. B., de Oliveira Martins, L., Yeats, C. A., Abudahab, K., Taylor, B. E. W., Menegazzo, M., Danesh, J., Hogsden, W., Eldirdiri, S., Kenyon, A., Mason, J., Robinson, T. I., Holmes, A., Hartley, J. A., Curran, T., Mather, A. E., Shankar, G., Jones, R., Howe, R., Morgan, S., Wastenge, E., Chapman, M. R., Mookerjee, S., Stanley, R., Smith, W., Peto, T., Eyre, D., Crook, D., Vernet, G., Kitchen, C., Gulliver, H., Merrick, I., Guest, M., Munn, R., Bradley, D. T., Wyatt, T., Beaver, C., Foulser, L., Churcher, C. M., Brooks, E., Smith, K. S., Galai, K., Mcmanus, G. M., Bolt, F., Coll, F., Meadows, L., Attwood, S. W., Davies, A., De Lacy, E., Downing, F., Edwards, S., Scarlett, G. P., Jeremiah, S., Smith, N., Leek, D., Sridhar, S., Forrest, S., Cormie, C., Gill, H. K., Dias, J., Higginson, E. E., Maes, M., Young, J., Wantoch, M., Jamrozy, D., Lo, S., Patel, M., Hill, V., Bewshea, C. M., Ellard, S., Auckland, C., Harrison, I., Bishop, C., Chalker, V., Richter, A., Beggs, A., Best, A., Percival, B., Mirza, J., Megram, O., Mayhew, M., Crawford, L., Ashcroft, F., Moles-Garcia, E., Cumley, N., Hopes, R., Asamaphan, P., Niebel, M. O., Gunson, R. N., Bradley, A., Maclean, A., Mollett, G., Blacow, R., Bird, P., Helmer, T., Fallon, K., Tang, J., Hale, A. D., Macfarlane-Smith, L. R., Harper, K. L., Carden, H., Machin, N. W., Jackson, K. A., Ahmad, S. S. Y., George, R. P., Turtle, L., O'Toole, E., Watts, J., Breen, C., Cowell, A., Alcolea-Medina, A., Charalampous, T., Patel, A., Levett, L. J., Heaney, J., Rowan, A., Taylor, G. P., Shah, D., Atkinson, L., Lee, J. C. D., Westhorpe, A. P., Jannoo, R., Lowe, H. L., Karamani, A., Ensell, L., Chatterton, W., Pusok, M., Dadrah, A., Symmonds, A., Sluga, G., Molnar, Z., Baker, P., Bonner, S., Essex, S., Barton, E., Padgett, D., Scott, G., Greenaway, J., Payne, B. A. I., Burton-Fanning, S., Waugh, S., Raviprakash, V., Sheriff, N., Blakey, V., Williams, L. -A., Moore, J., Stonehouse, S., Smith, L., Davidson, R. K., Bedford, L., Coupland, L., Wright, V., Chappell, J. G., Tsoleridis, T., Ball, J., Khakh, M., Fleming, V. M., Lister, M. M., Howson-Wells, H. C., Boswell, T., Joseph, A., Willingham, I., Duckworth, N., Walsh, S., Wise, E., Moore, N., Mori, M., Cortes, N., Kidd, S., Williams, R., Gifford, L., Bicknell, K., Wyllie, S., Lloyd, A., Impey, R., Malone, C. S., Cogger, B. J., Levene, N., Monaghan, L., Keeley, A. J., Partridge, D. G., Raza, M., Evans, C., Johnson, K., Abnizova, I., Aigrain, L., Ali, M., Allen, L., Anderson, R., Ariani, C., Austin-Guest, S., Bala, S., Bassett, A., Battleday, K., Beal, J., Beale, M., Bellany, S., Bellerby, T., Bellis, K., Berger, D., Berriman, M., Betteridge, E., Bevan, P., Binley, S., Bishop, J., Blackburn, K., Bonfield, J., Boughton, N., Bowker, S., Brendler-Spaeth, T., Bronner, I., Brooklyn, T., Buddenborg, S. K., Bush, R., Caetano, C., Cagan, A., Carter, N., Cartwright, J., Monteiro, T. C., Chapman, L., Chillingworth, T. -J., Clapham, P., Clark, R., Clarke, A., Clarke, C., Cole, D., Cook, E., Coppola, M., Cornell, L., Cornwell, C., Corton, C., Crackett, A., Cranage, A., Craven, H., Craw, S., Crawford, M., Cutts, T., Dabrowska, M., Davies, M., Dawson, J., Day, C., Densem, A., Dibling, T., Dockree, C., Dodd, D., Dogga, S., Dougherty, M., Dove, A., Drummond, L., Dudek, M., Durrant, L., Easthope, E., Eckert, S., Ellis, P., Farr, B., Fenton, M., Ferrero, M., Flack, N., Fordham, H., Forsythe, G., Francis, M., Fraser, A., Freeman, A., Galvin, A., Garcia-Casado, M., Gedny, A., Girgis, S., Glover, J., Goodwin, S., Gould, O., Gray, A., Gray, E., Griffiths, C., Gu, Y., Guerin, F., Hamilton, W., Hanks, H., Harrison, E., Harrott, A., Harry, E., Harvison, J., Heath, P., Hernandez-Koutoucheva, A., Hobbs, R., Holland, D., Holmes, S., Hornett, G., Hough, N., Huckle, L., Hughes-Hallet, L., Hunter, A., Inglis, S., Iqbal, S., Jackson, A., Jackson, D., Verdejo, C. J., Jones, M., Kallepally, K., Kay, K., Keatley, J., Keith, A., King, A., Kitchin, L., Kleanthous, M., Klimekova, M., Korlevic, P., Krasheninnkova, K., Lane, G., Langford, C., Laverack, A., Law, K., Lensing, S., Lewis-Wade, A., Liddle, J., Lin, Q., Lindsay, S., Linsdell, S., Long, R., Lovell, J., Mack, J., Maddison, M., Makunin, A., Mamun, I., Mansfield, J., Marriott, N., Martin, M., Mayho, M., Mccarthy, S., Mcclintock, J., Mchugh, S., Mcminn, L., Meadows, C., Mobley, E., Moll, R., Morra, M., Morrow, L., Murie, K., Nash, S., Nathwani, C., Naydenova, P., Neaverson, A., Nerou, E., Nicholson, J., Nimz, T., Noell, G. G., O'Meara, S., Ohan, V., Olney, C., Ormond, D., Oszlanczi, A., Pang, Y. F., Pardubska, B., Park, N., Parmar, A., Patel, G., Payne, M., Peacock, S., Petersen, A., Plowman, D., Preston, T., Puethe, C., Quail, M., Rajan, D., Rance, R., Rawlings, S., Redshaw, N., Reynolds, J., Reynolds, M., Rice, S., Richardson, M., Roberts, C., Robinson, K., Robinson, M., Robinson, D., Rogers, H., Rojo, E. M., Roopra, D., Rose, M., Rudd, L., Sadri, R., Salmon, N., Saul, D., Schwach, F., Scott, C., Seekings, P., Shirley, L., Simms, A., Sinnott, M., Sivadasan, S., Siwek, B., Sizer, D., Skeldon, K., Skelton, J., Slater-Tunstill, J., Sloper, L., Smerdon, N., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smith, K., Smith, M., Smith, S., Smith, T., Sneade, L., Soria, C. D., Sousa, C., Souster, E., Sparkes, A., Spencer-Chapman, M., Squares, J., Steed, C., Stickland, T., Still, I., Stratton, M., Strickland, M., Swann, A., Swiatkowska, A., Sycamore, N., Swift, E., Symons, E., Szluha, S., Taluy, E., Tao, N., Taylor, K., Thompson, S., Thompson, M., Thomson, M., Thomson, N., Thurston, S., Toombs, D., Topping, B., Tovar-Corona, J., Ungureanu, D., Uphill, J., Urbanova, J., Jansen Van, P., Vancollie, V., Voak, P., Walker, D., Walker, M., Waller, M., Ward, G., Weatherhogg, C., Webb, N., Wells, A., Wells, E., Westwood, L., Whipp, T., Whiteley, T., Whitton, G., Whitwham, A., Widaa, S., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wright, S., Farr, B. W., Quail, M. A., Thurston, S. A. J., Bronner, I. F., Redshaw, N. M., Lensing, S. V., Balcazar, C. E., Gallagher, M. D., Williamson, K. A., Stanton, T. D., Michelsen, M. L., Warwick-Dugdale, J., Manley, R., Farbos, A., Harrison, J. W., Sambles, C. M., Studholme, D. J., Lackenby, A., Mbisa, T., Platt, S., Miah, S., Bibby, D., Manso, C., Hubb, J., Dabrera, G., Ramsay, M., Bradshaw, D., Schaefer, U., Groves, N., Gallagher, E., Lee, D., Williams, D., Ellaby, N., Hartman, H., Manesis, N., Patel, V., Ledesma, J., Twohig, K. A., Allara, E., Pearson, C., Cheng, J. K. J., Bridgewater, H. E., Frost, L. R., Taylor-Joyce, G., Brown, P. E., Tong, L., Broos, A., Mair, D., Nichols, J., Carmichael, S. N., Smollett, K. L., Nomikou, K., Aranday-Cortes, E., Johnson, N., Nickbakhsh, S., Vamos, E. E., Hughes, M., Rainbow, L., Eccles, R., Nelson, C., Whitehead, M., Gregory, R., Gemmell, M., Wierzbicki, C., Webster, H. J., Fisher, C. L., Signell, A. W., Betancor, G., Wilson, H. D., Nebbia, G., Flaviani, F., Cerda, A. C., Merrill, T. V., Wilson, R. E., Cotic, M., Bayzid, N., Thompson, T., Acheson, E., Rushton, S., O'Brien, S., Baker, D. J., Rudder, S., Aydin, A., Sang, F., Debebe, J., Francois, S., Vasylyeva, T. I., Zamudio, M. E., Gutierrez, B., Marchbank, A., Maksimovic, J., Spellman, K., Mccluggage, K., Morgan, M., Beer, R., Afifi, S., Workman, T., Fuller, W., Bresner, C., Angyal, A., Green, L. R., Parsons, P. J., Tucker, R. M., Brown, R., Whiteley, M., Rowe, W., Siveroni, I., Le-Viet, T., Gaskin, A., Johnson, R., Sharrocks, K., Blane, E., Modis, Y., Leigh, K. E., Briggs, J. A. G., van Gils, M. J., Smith, K. G. C., Bradley, J. R., Doffinger, R., Ceron-Gutierrez, L., Barcenas-Morales, G., Pollock, D. D., Goldstein, R. A., Smielewska, A., Skittrall, J. P., Gouliouris, T., Goodfellow, I. G., Gkrania-Klotsas, E., Illingworth, C. J. R., Mccoy, L. E., Gupta, R. K., Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, AII - Infectious diseases, Collier, Dami A [0000-0001-5446-4423], Jahun, Aminu [0000-0002-4585-1701], Temperton, Nigel [0000-0002-7978-3815], Modis, Yorgo [0000-0002-6084-0429], Briggs, John AG [0000-0003-3990-6910], Goldstein, Richard A [0000-0001-5148-4672], Skittrall, Jordan P [0000-0002-8228-3758], Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni [0000-0002-0930-8330], McCoy, Laura E [0000-0001-9503-7946], Gupta, Ravindra K [0000-0001-9751-1808], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Time Factors, viruses, Passive, Antibodies, Viral, CITIID-NIHR BioResource COVID-19 Collaboration, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Viral, Aetiology, Neutralizing, Lung, Phylogeny, neutralising antibodies, Infectivity, education.field_of_study, Genome, Multidisciplinary, Alanine, biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Viral Load, Spike Glycoprotein, Virus Shedding, Adenosine Monophosphate, Aged, Antibodies, Neutralizing, COVID-19, Chronic Disease, Genome, Viral, Humans, Immune Evasion, Immune Tolerance, Immunization, Passive, Immunosuppression Therapy, Mutagenesis, Mutant Proteins, Mutation, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Evolution, Molecular, Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia & Influenza, Antibody, Infection, Viral load, Biotechnology, Evolution, General Science & Technology, antibody escape, Convalescent plasma, 030106 microbiology, Population, evasion, Antibodies, Virus, Article, Vaccine Related, resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Biodefense, Genetics, Viral shedding, education, COVID-19 Serotherapy, QR355, Prevention, Wild type, Molecular, Pneumonia, Virology, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Coronavirus, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Immunization, immune suppression, mutation
Abstract

The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for virus infection through the engagement of the human ACE2 protein1 and is a major antibody target. Here we show that chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to viral evolution and reduced sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma, by generating whole-genome ultra-deep sequences for 23 time points that span 101 days and using in vitro techniques to characterize the mutations revealed by sequencing. There was little change in the overall structure of the viral population after two courses of remdesivir during the first 57 days. However, after convalescent plasma therapy, we observed large, dynamic shifts in the viral population, with the emergence of a dominant viral strain that contained a substitution (D796H) in the S2 subunit and a deletion (ΔH69/ΔV70) in the S1 N-terminal domain of the spike protein. As passively transferred serum antibodies diminished, viruses with the escape genotype were reduced in frequency, before returning during a final, unsuccessful course of convalescent plasma treatment. In vitro, the spike double mutant bearing both ΔH69/ΔV70 and D796H conferred modestly decreased sensitivity to convalescent plasma, while maintaining infectivity levels that were similar to the wild-type virus.The spike substitution mutant D796H appeared to be the main contributor to the decreased susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies, but this mutation resulted in an infectivity defect. The spike deletion mutant ΔH69/ΔV70 had a twofold higher level of infectivity than wild-type SARS-CoV-2, possibly compensating for the reduced infectivity of the D796H mutation. These data reveal strong selection on SARS-CoV-2 during convalescent plasma therapy, which is associated with the emergence of viral variants that show evidence of reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in immunosuppressed individuals.

Published
2021

34. Determination of the Cross Section at Astrophysical Energies Using a Radioactive Be ion beam

Author

Buompane, R., Di Leva, A., Gialanella, L., D'Onofrio, A., De Cesare, M., Duarte, J.G., Fülöp, Z., Gasques, L.R., Gyürky, Gy., Morales-Gallegos, L., Marzaioli, F., Palumbo, G., Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Roca, V., Rogalla, D., Romoli, M., Santonastaso, C., and Schürmann, D.

Abstract

The reaction Be(p7,γ)8B plays an important role in the Sun, where it determines the high energy component of the solar neutrino spectrum. The importance of this reaction triggered several experiments over the last decades. A combined analysis of their results produces an overall consistent picture for the energy dependence of the cross section, while an inflation of the quoted uncertainties is needed to accommodate the observed discrepancy in the absolute scale of the different data sets. The origin of this discrepancy needs to be understood for a reliable estimate of the astrophysical rate of Be(p7,γ)8B and its uncertainty. In addition, there is a question about possible common systematic effects, considering that all measurements performed so far share the same experimental approach, i.e. an intense proton beam impinging on a Be7 radioactive target. A direct measurement using a radioactive Be7 ion beam on a pure hydrogen gas target has been since long envisioned as a way to improve the situation. First attempts showed the feasibility of an experiment based on the use of a recoil mass separator to collect reaction products with high efficiency, but failed to reach a useful statistical significance because of the low beam intensity. Here we present the results obtained using the intense Be7 beam available at the Tandem Accelerator Laboratory at CIRCE, University of Campania, Italy coupled to the recoil mass separator ERNA in the energy range Ecm=367 to 812 keV. Our results are compatible only with a part of previous measurements, in particular those indicating a low value of the astrophysical S-factor at zero energy S17, thus exacerbating the discrepancy between existing measurements. The analysis of our data together with the results of previous data provides an estimate S17(0)=20.0±0.8 eV⋅b, where systematic uncertainties are inflated to obtain a statistically compatible data set.

Published
2021

37. Distinct patterns of within-host virus populations between two subgroups of human respiratory syncytial virus

Author

Lin, G. -L., Drysdale, S. B., Snape, M. D., O'Connor, D., Brown, A., MacIntyre-Cockett, G., Mellado-Gomez, E., de Cesare, M., Bonsall, D., Ansari, M. A., Oner, D., Aerssens, J., Butler, C., Bont, L., Openshaw, P., Martinon-Torres, F., Nair, H., Bowden, R., Campbell, H., Cunningham, S., Bogaert, D., Beutels, P., Wildenbeest, J., Clutterbuck, E., Mcginley, J., Thwaites, R., Wiseman, D., Gomez-Carballa, A., Rodriguez-Tenreiro, C., Rivero-Calle, I., Dacosta-Urbieta, A., Heikkinen, T., Meijer, A., Fischer, T. K., van den Berge, M., Giaquinto, C., Abram, M., Dormitzer, P., Stoszek, S., Gallichan, S., Rosen, B., Molero, E., Machin, N., Spadetto, M., Golubchik, T., Pollard, A. J., Investigators, RESCEU, and Commission of the European Communities

Subjects
Male, viruses, DIVERSITY, PROTEIN, General Physics and Astronomy, Virus Replication, INFECTION, Multidisciplinary, RSV, virus diseases, respiratory system, Antigenic Variation, Multidisciplinary Sciences, ALIGNMENT, Viral evolution, Monoclonal, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, Viral genetics, medicine.drug, Human, Palivizumab, Science, Mutation, Missense, PALIVIZUMAB, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, Viral Proteins, Antigen, Lower respiratory tract infection, Antigenic variation, medicine, Humans, Aged, Science & Technology, Genetic Variation, Infant, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, General Chemistry, Vaccine efficacy, medicine.disease, PREVENTION, Virology, EVOLUTION, Viral infection, ANTIBODIES, Mutation, RESCEU Investigators, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Missense, human activities, RESISTANCE
Abstract

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children globally, but little is known about within-host RSV diversity. Here, we characterised within-host RSV populations using deep-sequencing data from 319 nasopharyngeal swabs collected during 2017–2020. RSV-B had lower consensus diversity than RSV-A at the population level, while exhibiting greater within-host diversity. Two RSV-B consensus sequences had an amino acid alteration (K68N) in the fusion (F) protein, which has been associated with reduced susceptibility to nirsevimab (MEDI8897), a novel RSV monoclonal antibody under development. In addition, several minor variants were identified in the antigenic sites of the F protein, one of which may confer resistance to palivizumab, the only licensed RSV monoclonal antibody. The differences in within-host virus populations emphasise the importance of monitoring for vaccine efficacy and may help to explain the different prevalences of monoclonal antibody-escape mutants between the two subgroups., Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common infection in children and older adults but little is known about within-host viral population diversity. Here, the authors perform deep sequencing and find that RSV subgroup B exhibited more diversity than subgroup A, with implications for development of therapeutics and vaccines.

Published
2021

39. Simultaneous Viral Whole-Genome Sequencing and Differential Expression Profiling in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection of Infants

Author

Lin, G-L, Golubchik, T, Drysdale, S, O'Connor, D, Jefferies, K, Brown, A, de Cesare, M, Bonsall, D, Ansari, MA, Aerssens, J, Bont, L, Openshaw, P, Martinón-Torres, F, Bowden, R, Pollard, AJ, and RESCEU Investigators

Abstract

Targeted metagenomics using strand-specific libraries with target enrichment is a sensitive, generalized approach to pathogen sequencing and transcriptome profiling. Using this method, we recovered 13 (76%) complete human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) genomes from 17 clinical respiratory samples, reconstructed the phylogeny of the infecting viruses, and detected differential gene expression between 2 RSV subgroups, specifically, a lower expression of the P gene and a higher expression of the M2 gene in RSV-A than in RSV-B. This methodology can help to relate viral genetics to clinical phenotype and facilitate ongoing population-level RSV surveillance and vaccine development. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03627572 and NCT03756766.

Published
2020

41. Test measurement of 7Be(p, γ)8B with the recoil mass separator ERNA

Author

Buompane R., De Cesare N., Di Leva A., D'Onofrio A., Gialanella L., Romano M., De Cesare M., Duarte J. G., Fulop Z., Morales-Gallegos L., Gyurky G., Gasques L. R., Marzaioli F., Palumbo G., Porzio G., Rapagnani D., Roca V., Rogalla D., Romoli M., Sabbarese C., Schurmann D., Terrasi F., Buompane, R., De Cesare, N., Di Leva, A., D'Onofrio, A., Gialanella, L., Romano, M., De Cesare, M., Duarte, J. G., Fulop, Z., Morales-Gallegos, L., Gyurky, G., Gasques, L. R., Marzaioli, F., Palumbo, G., Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Roca, V., Rogalla, D., Romoli, M., Sabbarese, C., Schurmann, D., and Terrasi, F.

Abstract

7Be(p,γ)8B has an important role in nuclear astrophysics, having a direct impact on both the high energy component of solar neutrinos and the 7Li abundance after the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. All direct measurements providing useful information on this reaction so far used the same approach, i.e. a proton beam on a radioactive 7Be target. The overall precision and accuracy of the estimate of the astrophysical rate of this reaction are limited by the discrepancy between the results of existing measurements, possibly due to the complicated stoichiometry and beam induced deterioration of the radioactive targets. The ERNA (European Recoil separator for Nuclear Astrophysics) collaboration planned a new experiment in inverse kinematics exploiting the intense 7Be beam available at CIRCE (Center for Isotopic Research on Cultural and Environmental heritage), Caserta, Italy. The 8B recoils are produced in a windowless hydrogen gas target and detected after the efficient mass separation provided by ERNA. Here we present the commissioning of the experimental setup and a first cross section measurement at Ecm≈ 812 keV.

Published
2018

42. Test measurement of 7 Be(p, γ) 8 B with the recoil mass separator ERNA

Author

Buompane, R., De Cesare, N., Di Leva, A., D’Onofrio, A., Gialanella, L., Romano, M., De Cesare, M., Duarte, J. G., Fülöp, Zs., Morales-Gallegos, L., Gyürky, Gy., Gasques, L. R., Marzaioli, F., Palumbo, G., Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Roca, V., Rogalla, D., Romoli, M., Sabbarese, C., Schürmann, D., Terrasi, F., Buompane, R., De Cesare, N., Di Leva, A., D’Onofrio, A., Gialanella, L., Romano, M., De Cesare, M., Duarte, J. G., Fülöp, Zs., Morales-Gallegos, L., Gyürky, Gy., Gasques, L. R., Marzaioli, F., Palumbo, G., Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Roca, V., Rogalla, D., Romoli, M., Sabbarese, C., Schürmann, D., and Terrasi, F.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published
2018

46. Field theoretical approach to gravitational waves

Author

de Cesare, M., Oliveri, R., van Holten, J. W., de Cesare, M., Oliveri, R., and van Holten, J. W.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics::General Physics, linearised general relativity, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), field theory, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, gravitational waves, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Poincaré group, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gravitational wave
Abstract

The aim of these notes is to give an accessible and self-contained introduction to the theory of gravitational waves as the theory of a relativistic symmetric tensor field in a Minkowski background spacetime. This is the approach of a particle physicist: the graviton is identified with a particular irreducible representation of the Poincar\'e group, corresponding to vanishing mass and spin two. It is shown how to construct an action functional giving the linear dynamics of gravitons, and how General Relativity can be obtained from it. The Hamiltonian formulation of the linear theory is examined in detail. We study the emission of gravitational waves and apply the results to the simplest case of a binary Newtonian system., Comment: 47 pages, 3 figures, v2 matches the published version

Published
2017
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47. Measurement of 1323 and 1487 keV resonances in N15(α,γ)F19 with the recoil separator ERNA

Author

DI LEVA, ANTONINO, IMBRIANI, GIANLUCA, Buompane, R., Gialanella, L., BEST, ANDREAS, Cristallo, S., De Cesare, M., D'Onofrio, A., Duarte, J. G., Gasques, L. R., Morales Gallegos, L., PEZZELLA, ALESSANDRO, Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., ROCA, VINCENZO, Romoli, M., Schürmann, D., Straniero, O., Terrasi, F., DI LEVA, Antonino, Imbriani, Gianluca, Buompane, R., Gialanella, L., Best, Andrea, Cristallo, S., De Cesare, M., D'Onofrio, A., Duarte, J. G., Gasques, L. R., Morales Gallegos, L., Pezzella, Alessandro, Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Roca, Vincenzo, Romoli, M., Schürmann, D., Straniero, O., and Terrasi, F.

Subjects
experimental nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics
Abstract

Background: The origin of fluorine is a widely debated issue. Nevertheless, the 15N(α,γ)19F reaction is a common feature among the various production channels so far proposed. Its reaction rate at relevant temperatures is determined by a number of narrow resonances together with the direct capture and the tails of the two broad resonances at Ec.m.=1323 and 1487 keV. Purpose: The broad resonances widths, Γγ and Γα, have to be measured with adequate precision in order to better determine their contribution to the 15N(α,γ)19F stellar reaction rate. Methods: Measurement through the direct detection of the 19F recoil ions with the European Recoil separator for Nuclear Astrophysics (ERNA) were performed. The reaction was initiated by a 15N beam impinging onto a 4He windowless gas target. The observed yield of the resonances at Ec.m.=1323 and 1487 keV is used to determine their widths in the α and γ channels. Results: We show that a direct measurement of the cross section of the 15N(α,γ)19F reaction can be successfully obtained with the recoil separator ERNA, and the widths Γγ and Γα of the two broad resonances have been determined. While a fair agreement is found with earlier determination of the widths of the 1487 keV resonance, a significant difference is found for the 1323 keV resonance Γα. Conclusions: The revision of the widths of the two more relevant broad resonances in the 15N(α,γ)19F reaction presented in this work is the first step toward a more firm determination of the reaction rate. At present, the residual uncertainty at the temperatures of the 19F stellar nucleosynthesis is dominated by the uncertainties affecting the direct capture component and the 364 keV narrow resonance, both so far investigated only through indirect experiments.

Published
2017

48. Measurement of 1323 and 1487 keV resonances in N 15 (α,γ) F 19 with the recoil separator ERNA

Author

Di Leva, A., Imbriani, G., Buompane, R., Gialanella, L., Best, A., Cristallo, S., De Cesare, M., D'Onofrio, A., Duarte, J. G., Gasques, L. R., Morales-Gallegos, L., Pezzella, A., Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Roca, V., Romoli, M., Schürmann, D., Straniero, O., Terrasi, F., Di Leva, A., Imbriani, G., Buompane, R., Gialanella, L., Best, A., Cristallo, S., De Cesare, M., D'Onofrio, A., Duarte, J. G., Gasques, L. R., Morales-Gallegos, L., Pezzella, A., Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Roca, V., Romoli, M., Schã¼rmann, D., Straniero, O., and Terrasi, F.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Abstract

Background: The origin of fluorine is a widely debated issue. Nevertheless, the N15(α,γ)F19 reaction is a common feature among the various production channels so far proposed. Its reaction rate at relevant temperatures is determined by a number of narrow resonances together with the direct capture and the tails of the two broad resonances at Ec.m.=1323 and 1487 keV. Purpose: The broad resonances widths, Γγ and Γα, have to be measured with adequate precision in order to better determine their contribution to the N15(α,γ)F19 stellar reaction rate. Methods: Measurement through the direct detection of the F19 recoil ions with the European Recoil separator for Nuclear Astrophysics (ERNA) were performed. The reaction was initiated by a N15 beam impinging onto a He4 windowless gas target. The observed yield of the resonances at Ec.m.=1323 and 1487 keV is used to determine their widths in the α and γ channels. Results: We show that a direct measurement of the cross section of the N15(α,γ)F19 reaction can be successfully obtained with the recoil separator ERNA, and the widths Γγ and Γα of the two broad resonances have been determined. While a fair agreement is found with earlier determination of the widths of the 1487 keV resonance, a significant difference is found for the 1323 keV resonance Γα. Conclusions: The revision of the widths of the two more relevant broad resonances in the N15(α,γ)F19 reaction presented in this work is the first step toward a more firm determination of the reaction rate. At present, the residual uncertainty at the temperatures of the F19 stellar nucleosynthesis is dominated by the uncertainties affecting the direct capture component and the 364 keV narrow resonance, both so far investigated only through indirect experiments.

Published
2017

50. Measurement of 1323 and 1487 keV resonances in 15N({\alpha}, {\gamma})19F with the recoil separator ERNA

Author

Di Leva, A., Imbriani, G., Buompane, R., Gialanella, L., Best, A., Cristallo, S., De Cesare, M., D'Onofrio, A., Duarte, J. G., Gasques, L. R., Morales-Gallegos, L., Pezzella, A., Porzio, G., Rapagnani, D., Roca, V., Romoli, M., Schürmann, D., Straniero, O., and Terrasi, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The origin of fluorine is a widely debated issue. Nevertheless, the ^{15}N({\alpha},{\gamma})^{19}F reaction is a common feature among the various production channels so far proposed. Its reaction rate at relevant temperatures is determined by a number of narrow resonances together with the DC component and the tails of the two broad resonances at E_{c.m.} = 1323 and 1487 keV. Measurement through the direct detection of the 19F recoil ions with the European Recoil separator for Nuclear Astrophysics (ERNA) were performed. The reaction was initiated by a 15N beam impinging onto a 4He windowless gas target. The observed yield of the resonances at Ec.m. = 1323 and 1487 keV is used to determine their widths in the {\alpha} and {\gamma} channels. We show that a direct measurement of the cross section of the ^{15}N({\alpha},{\gamma})^{19}F reaction can be successfully obtained with the Recoil Separator ERNA, and the widths {\Gamma}_{\gamma} and {\Gamma}_{\alpha} of the two broad resonances have been determined. While a fair agreement is found with earlier determination of the widths of the 1487 keV resonance, a significant difference is found for the 1323 keV resonance {\Gamma}_{\alpha} . The revision of the widths of the two more relevant broad resonances in the 15N({\alpha},{\gamma})19F reaction presented in this work is the first step toward a more firm determination of the reaction rate. At present, the residual uncertainty at the temperatures of the ^{19}F stellar nucleosynthesis is dominated by the uncertainties affecting the Direct Capture component and the 364 keV narrow resonance, both so far investigated only through indirect experiments., Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in PRC

Published
2017

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