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The Brazilian Merganser (Mergus octosetaceus) is one of the rarest birds in South America, and it is a critically endangered Anatidae species with an estimated population of less than 250 adult individuals in the Brazilian Cerrado. A captive population was established a few years ago at Zooparque Itatiba (São Paulo state) where 46 individuals were kept, and the founding population (progenitors derived from nature) was composed of 19 of the ex situ birds, derived from the four remaining localities with wild populations in Brazil. To characterize the genetic diversity and the genealogical relationships of the captive population, it is essential to conduct appropriate ex situ management and to assist future reintroduction projects. Thus, we have identified 425 SNPs by massively parallel sequencing of ddRAD libraries that allowed us to genotype individuals of the captive population. We observed a close relatedness between 70% of the captive population and founding individuals of Jalapão and Alto Paranaiba localities, indicating the need for supplementation with individuals from other areas of Canastra and Veadeiros. Even though many captives present a high level of inbreeding, we have identified some individuals with a high genetic value (less inbred) that can be selected for the breeding program to generate individuals for a future pilot reintroduction project.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar, com base nos Três Mundos da Matemática como as indeterminações são apresentadas em quatro materiais didáticos de matemática produzidos e utilizados por professores do CEFET MG nos últimos cinquenta anos. A teoria foi desenvolvida por David Tall, apoiada na ideia de que o pensamento matemático está ancorado em três mundos: o Conceitual Corporificado, o Operacional Simbólico e o Formal Axiomático. De acordo com nossas análises, a abordagem do conceito de Indeterminação nos materiais analisados mudou consideravelmente, com uma ênfase nos mais antigos no mundo Operacional Simbólico, e nos documentos mais recentes, uma ênfase no mundo Conceitual Corporificado e Operacional Simbólico.

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura de uma dissertação de mestrado em andamento, que se originou de uma perspectiva formativa, a partir de uma visita ao Memorial Helena Antipoff, atualmente Museu Helena Antipoff, localizado na Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - UEMG, Unidade Ibirité. Realizou-se um levantamento no banco de teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), resultando em 61 trabalhos identificados. Dentre estes, foram selecionados sete: quatro teses de doutorado e três dissertações de mestrado, todos buscando investigar possíveis relações da estudiosa Helena Antipoff com a matemática e seu ensino. Os estudos analisados evidenciaram uma preferência pela abordagem qualitativa e pelo uso da técnica documental, sendo que a maioria dos pesquisadores utilizou mais de um documento em suas investigações. Adicionalmente, alguns trabalhos concentraram-se em um recorte temporal específico para coletar os dados principais. O levantamento revelou a ausência de pesquisas abordando a temática em questão, o que ressalta a necessidade de desenvolvimento de estudos relacionados a Helena Antipoff na perspectiva da Educação Matemática, particularmente no campo da História da Educação Matemática.

A series of wide-ranging single phase YPO4:xTb3+ phosphor was prepared by wet chemical route. In order to maximise the use of YPO4:Tb3+ nanoparticles in WLED, this work used Li+ sensitization to interstitially modify the particles' photoluminescence intensity. The prepared nanoparticles are characterized using X-Ray diffraction, FT-IR, TEM and Photoluminescence. The annealing effect on the particle size, morphology and its luminescence intensities are studied. This increased crystallinity led to a rise in the photoluminescence intensity of the nanoparticles. YPO4:Tb3+ nanoparticles' excitation and emission spectra were shown by photoluminescence investigations. Optical absorption and emission spectra confirmed all peaks associated to various transitions of the Tb3+ ions. Because of the increased crystallinity and decreased water content, the emission intensity rose with the annealing temperature. Li+ co-doping increased the emission intensity even more; where the emission intensity showed seven times. The results emphasise the significance of Li+ sensitization and annealing temperature in adjusting the luminous properties for possible uses in WLED and other display systems

Em 1953, o engenheiro e professor Altamiro Tibiriçá Dias escreveu notas de aula sobre Cálculo Vetorial para o primeiro ano de funcionamento da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. O presente artigo relata quem foi o professor, como a escola foi criada e a participação dele nas aulas da disciplina dessa instituição. Ao analisar o material e a notação utilizada em suas notas de aula foi possível fazer uma comparação com outras obras contemporâneas, o que nos auxiliou a levantar hipóteses sobre o conteúdo matemático do material de Tibiriçá, evidenciando aproximações e distanciamentos entre elas. Embora tenham sido escritas para uma instituição paulista, este trabalho faz luz à História da Matemática em Minas Gerais, pois a formação acadêmica do professor foi consolidada em Ouro Preto como ex-aluno e docente. Assim, destacamos os desdobramentos de pesquisas relacionadas ao ensino de Cálculo Vetorial na instituição ouropretana no início e meados dos novecentos.

The Brazilian merganser (Mergus octosetaceus) is one of the most endangered bird species in South America and comprises less than 250 mature individuals in wild environments. This is a species extremely sensitive to environmental disturbances and restricted to a few “pristine” freshwater habitats in Brazil, and it has been classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1994. Thus, biological conservation studies are vital to promote adequate management strategies and to avoid the decline of merganser populations. In this context, to understand the evolutionary dynamics and the current genetic diversity of remaining Brazilian merganser populations, we used the “Genotyping by Sequencing” approach to genotype 923 SNPs in 30 individuals from all known areas of occurrence. These populations revealed a low genetic diversity and high inbreeding levels, likely due to the recent population decline associated with habitat loss. Furthermore, it showed a moderate level of genetic differentiation between all populations located in four separated areas of the highly threatened Cerrado biome. The results indicate that urgent actions for the conservation of the species should be accompanied by careful genetic monitoring to allow appropriate in situ and ex situ management to increase the long-term species’ survival in its natural environment.

Many educators face challenges with online learning since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Online modalities became common in world language courses; however, challenges remain in creating communicative contexts. This study examined university student perceptions of an experiential learning sequence using films in Spanish and French at the intermediate level in an asynchronous online environment. Students were required to watch a movie and complete activities related to language and culture learning goals, followed by an in-depth survey about the experience. Participants expressed positive perceptions of the activities, finding them helpful in increasing interest and motivation, as well as in expanding their thinking and knowledge about course topics. These findings demonstrate the importance of experiential learning to build student-centered communities of language and culture learning in the asynchronous classroom.

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected management of cardiovascular disease around the world. The effect of the pandemic on volume of cardiovascular diagnostic procedures is not known. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diagnostic procedures and safety practices in Asia. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey to assess changes in cardiovascular procedure volume and safety practices caused by COVID-19. Testing volumes were reported for March 2020 and April 2020 and were compared to those from March 2019. Data from 180 centers across 33 Asian countries were grouped into 4 subregions for comparison. Results: Procedure volumes decreased by 47% from March 2019 to March 2020, showing recovery from March 2020 to April 2020 in Eastern Asia, particularly in China. The majority of centers cancelled outpatient activities and increased time per study. Practice changes included implementing physical distancing and restricting visitors. Although COVID testing was not commonly performed, it was conducted in one-third of facilities in Eastern Asia. The most severe reductions in procedure volumes were observed in lower-income countries, where volumes decreased 81% from March 2019 to April 2020. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic in Asia caused significant reductions in cardiovascular diagnostic procedures, particularly in low-income countries. Further studies on effects of COVID-19 on cardiovascular outcomes and changes in care delivery are warranted.

Per Davidson,1– 3 Peter Jönsson,4 Ingegerd Carlsson,1 Edward Pace-Schott2,3,5 1Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; 2Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 3Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 4School of Education and Environment, Centre for Psychology, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden; 5Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USACorrespondence: Per Davidson Email per.davidson@psy.lu.seAbstract: Sleep has been found to have a beneficial effect on memory consolidation. It has furthermore frequently been suggested that sleep does not strengthen all memories equally. The first aim of this review paper was to examine whether sleep selectively strengthens emotional declarative memories more than neutral ones. We examined this first by reviewing the literature focusing on sleep/wake contrasts, and then the literature on whether any specific factors during sleep preferentially benefit emotional memories, with a special focus on the often-suggested claim that rapid eye movement sleep primarily consolidates emotional memories. A second aim was to examine if sleep preferentially benefits memories based on other cues of future relevance such as reward, test-expectancy or different instructions during encoding. Once again, we first focused on studies comparing sleep and wake groups, and then on studies examining the contributions of specific factors during sleep (for each future relevance paradigm, respectively). The review revealed that although some support exists that sleep is more beneficial for certain kinds of memories based on emotion or other cues of future relevance, the majority of studies does not support such an effect. Regarding specific factors during sleep, our review revealed that no sleep variable has reliably been found to be specifically associated with the consolidation of certain kinds of memories over others based on emotion or other cues of future relevance.Keywords: sleep, memory, emotion, REM sleep, consolidation, forgetting

Oluwabunmi Ogungbe,1 Samuel Byiringiro,1 Adeola Adedokun-Afolayan,2 Stella M Seal,3 Cheryl R Dennison Himmelfarb,1,4,5 Patricia M Davidson,1 Yvonne Commodore-Mensah1,5 1Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2School of Public Health, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA; 3William H. Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University and Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; 4Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; 5Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USACorrespondence: Oluwabunmi OgungbeJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USATel +1-601-541-1152Email oogungb3@jh.eduPurpose: The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Medications are integral to the management and control of CVD; however, suboptimal adherence impacts health outcomes. This systematic review aims to critically examine interventions targeted at improving medication adherence among persons with CVD in LMICs.Methods: In this systematic review, we searched online databases PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL for studies that evaluated a medication adherence intervention for CVD, reported adherence as an outcome measure, were conducted in LMICs and reported the strategy or tool used to measure adherence. We included articles published in English, available in full text, peer-reviewed, and published between 2010 and 2020.Results: We included 45 articles in this review. The majority of the studies implemented counseling and educational interventions led by nurses, pharmacists, or community health workers. Many of the studies delivered medication-taking reminders in the form of phone calls, text messages, short message services (SMS), and in-phone calendars. Multi-component interventions were more effective than unifocal interventions. Interventions involving technology, such as mobile phone calls, electronic pillboxes, and interactive phone SMS reminders, were more effective than generic reminders. The outcomes reported in the studies varied based on the complexity and combination of strategies. When interventions were implemented at both the patient level, such as reminders, and at the provider level, such as team-based care, the effect on medication adherence was larger.Conclusion: In LMICs, medication adherence interventions among persons with CVD included a combination of patient education, reminders, fixed-dose combination therapy and team-based care approach were generally more effective than singular interventions. Among patients who had CVD, the medication adherence interventions were found to be moderately effective. Future studies focusing on improving medication adherence in LMICs should consider non-physician-led interventions and appropriately adapt the interventions to the local context.Keywords: medication adherence, cardiovascular diseases, LMICs, systematic review

O presente artigo, que é um recorte de uma dissertação em andamento, objetiva apresentar de forma sucinta informações parciais sobre algumas contribuições do estudioso islâmico al-Banna (1256- 1321) para a construção do pensamento científico e matemático islâmico, mais especificamente no Magrebe islâmico medieval, onde obteve ascensão em sua trajetória científica. Faremos isso seguindo os pressupostos da historiografia atualizada, que nos ajuda a olhar para a história a partir de uma cosmovisão menos eurocêntrica. Parte do pensamento desse sábio será apresentada por meio de uma de suas obras, o Rafc al-Hijab, um compilado de argumentos sobre cálculos básicos, construídos por meio de argumentos retóricos, filosóficos e poéticos. No bojo desses argumentos, procuramos apresentar também algumas potencialidades didático-pedagógicas do referido texto, tendo como suporte teórico a proposta de Luís Radford (1997). Assim, buscamos alinhar o pensamento de al-banna, o qual é conforme ao espírito da época, ao pensamento presente, partindo de uma concepção epistemológica e sociocultural.

Empathy enables successful communication and connection between teachers and their students, yet few studies have investigated its specific use in teaching singing. Addressing this gap, we interviewed voice teachers to discover how they articulate their pedagogy in terms of empathic practices and observed one-to-one lessons for evidence of the same. A sample of 27 classical and music theater voice teachers in Australia (70% females, 30% males), aged 35 to 75 years old (M = 55) were interviewed. Of this cohort, seven teachers were observed in their one-to-one teaching practices. Interviews and observations were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results indicated that voice teachers tailor their practices to the needs of students and demonstrate characteristics of teacher empathy identified in previous literature: effective communication, positive relationships, care, welcoming learning environment, trust, morality, and listening. Empathic teaching facilitates an individualized approach in which singing students are supported and motivated in their own autonomous learning environment. These findings have implications for voice pedagogy that features the use of empathy to benefit future students.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound used in the plastic industry with endocrine disrupting activity. Although it is frequently found in surface waters, few studies have investigated its impact on fish gametogenesis, particularly when associated with natural stressors. In this regard, the present study evaluated BPA toxicity on spermatogenesis in the lambari Astyanax bimaculatus under controlled conditions and its interactive effects with water temperature. Adult specimens were exposed in duplicate to 40 μg/L and 400 μg/L BPA at 23 °C and 28 °C for 21 days; the control group did not receive BPA. Testicular samples were collected and analyzed using different cellular and molecular techniques. The results showed a significant reduction in the gonadosomatic index in the BPA-treated groups at both temperatures. A decrease in the testicular levels of 11-ketotestosterone was observed in the 400 μg/L BPA group at 23 °C, 17β-estradiol increased significantly in the treated groups at 28 °C, and vitellogenin showed no difference between the treatments. The morphometric analysis of spermatogenesis revealed a significant increase in the proportion of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and Sertoli cells in the treated groups, with a higher proportion at 23 °C than at 28 °C. Otherwise, the proportion of spermatozoa was significantly lower in the BPA-treated groups, with a greater reduction at 23 °C. In addition, BPA also stimulated spermatogonial proliferation in the treated groups, but apoptosis was significantly increased in spermatids at 23 °C. Testis-ova, cell degeneration, and chromatin alterations in spermatids and Sertoli cells were observed in the germinal epithelium of the BPA-treated groups. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index revealed that the analyzed endpoints are suitable for assessing estrogenic contamination. Taken together, our results indicate that the interactive effects of BPA and temperature contribute to the impairment of spermatogenesis in A. bimaculatus with more severe effects observed on sperm production at 23 °C than at 28 °C.

Ensaio/ Resenha TOBIES, Renate. 2019. Felix Klein: Visionen für Mathematik, Anwendungen und Unterricht. Springer Spektrum– Verlag. 574 páginas.

Estudos apontam para uma escassez de pesquisas sobre a História da Matemática Islâmica em Língua Portuguesa, não sendo diferente se olharmos para o conteúdo de Análise combinatória. Quando, no Brasil, é retratado o raciocínio combinatório, a discussão normalmente fica restrita à Europa. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste relato é apresentar notas históricas do pensamento combinatório não eurocêntricas, especificamente, islâmicas. Para isto, fizemos um estudo bibliográfico baseado em fontes secundárias dos principais pesquisadores internacionais da área. Destacamos que eles seguem uma linha historiográfica tradicional ao olhar para os textos originais com olhos do presente. São apresentadas neste estudo notas sobre três estudiosos islâmicos de períodos distintos, mas que estão, de certo modo, conectados uns aos outros. O primeiro deles, Ibn al-Banna (1256 – 1321), que viveu em Maraquexe, afirma em sua obra que se baseou no trabalho de al-Muncin (? – 1228), também dessa cidade. Esse é o segundo estudioso a quem dedicamos alguns parágrafos para comentar sobre a seção XI de seu principal manuscrito, na qual descrevia métodos e problemas de Análise combinatória, sendo uma ampliação do trabalho de al-Khalil (718 – 798), linguista e lexicógrafo que viveu em Baçorá, atual Iraque. Além de ser considerado o autor do primeiro dicionário de Língua Árabe, al-Khalil fez uso do pensamento combinatório para calcular o número de palavras que se poderia escrever com até cinco letras. Por meio dessas notas históricas podemos perceber como a Análise combinatória foi utilizada por estudiosos de matemática e linguistas no medievo islâmico, reunindo informações úteis a professores e pesquisadores. Esperamos que o caráter não eurocêntrico, especialmente no que diz respeito à perspectiva islâmica, possa ter sido levantado nessas curtas notas históricas. Ressaltamos a possibilidade e a necessidade de pesquisas mais profundas sobre o tema em Língua Portuguesa e baseadas em textos originais. Palavras-chave: Análise combinatória; Matemática Islâmica; Não-eurocentrismo.

Machine learning (ML) models are fundamentally shaped by data, and building inclusive ML systems requires significant considerations around how to design representative datasets. Yet, few novice-oriented ML modeling tools are designed to foster hands-on learning of dataset design practices, including how to design for data diversity and inspect for data quality. To this end, we outline a set of four data design practices (DDPs) for designing inclusive ML models and share how we designed a tablet-based application called Co-ML to foster learning of DDPs through a collaborative ML model building experience. With Co-ML, beginners can build image classifiers through a distributed experience where data is synchronized across multiple devices, enabling multiple users to iteratively refine ML datasets in discussion and coordination with their peers. We deployed Co-ML in a 2-week-long educational AIML Summer Camp, where youth ages 13-18 worked in groups to build custom ML-powered mobile applications. Our analysis reveals how multi-user model building with Co-ML, in the context of student-driven projects created during the summer camp, supported development of DDPs including incorporating data diversity, evaluating model performance, and inspecting for data quality. Additionally, we found that students' attempts to improve model performance often prioritized learnability over class balance. Through this work, we highlight how the combination of collaboration, model testing interfaces, and student-driven projects can empower learners to actively engage in exploring the role of data in ML systems.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many facets of outdoor adventure and experiential education (OAEE) programs. Using past literature, four variables represent important student outcome variables associated with OAEE programs. Purpose: This study examined the effects of participation in an OAEE program on levels of anxiety, depression, hope, and resilience. Methods: This study used online data collection software with a 30-item inventory to measure the selected variables. Using a retrospective predesign, data were collected and analyzed using repeated measure t-tests. Findings: Results suggest that OAEE programs can effectively enhance an individual's ability to cope with anxiety and hopelessness while enhancing their levels of resilience.

In this discussion, we consider how the use of scenario-based assessment (SBA) can provide students with a way of developing the digital communication skills that business communication research has found they will need for the workplace, alongside other aspects of professional competence. This is because SBA can be employed to engage learners in the same types of authentic performance tasks in a situated context that they will likely encounter in their professional lives. In addition, SBA can also be used to maximize the integrity of an assignment by harnessing the positive effects of using generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, while simultaneously mitigating against the misappropriation of AI by students. SBA allows learners to practice both their digital, and other, communication skills as well as contributing to their understanding of professional practice, and it also provides instructors with a powerful form of formative assessment. Our aim is to put forward a motivating and effective way of helping our students to develop the skills that they will need to become successful communicators in a postpandemic professional world.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e ressaltar a possibilidade de pesquisa em parte da documentação do Arquivo Permanente da Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto referente à matemática no período de 1876, fundação da instituição, até o último quarto do século XIX. Discutimos a importância de arquivos para as pesquisas historiográficas, especialmente, os escolares. As principais informações são referentes a exames de admissão à escola com resoluções de candidatos e atas, provas de cursos preparatórios com resoluções e folhas utilizadas como rascunho pelos estudantes, além de documentações periféricas que auxiliam na análise do contexto em que a instituição se insere. O arquivo da primeira instituição de ensino de geologia no Brasil representa uma mina que contém fontes relevantes para a área de História da (Educação) Matemática no Brasil.

Este artigo teórico apresenta uma breve imersão na história das funções abrangendo a definição atual de Dirichlet por meio de sua concepção a partir das representações gráfica de Oresme e tabular dos Babilônios. Assim, discutimos os estágios da evolução histórica da linguagem algébrica, aprofundando-se na escrita retórica, sincopada e simbólica. Nesse direcionamento, do ponto de vista histórico, a distinção entre constantes e variáveis também é necessário. Argumentamos que o desenvolvimento das funções vem sendo elaborado desde 4.000 a.C. até os tempos atuais, quando a sua definição contemporânea foi proposta no século XIX.

A detailed phylogeny of bumblebees is urgently needed to understand speciation and biogeographic diversification in the Neotropical region. We sequenced autosomal and mtDNA loci from nine Brazilian bumblebee species and compiled it with the data already available to obtain highly resolved phylogenetic trees with fossil-calibrated dates. The ancestral Bombus lineage was estimated to diversify between 47.08 and 34.27 million years ago (Ma) in the Holarctic region, but largely restricted to the eastern Old World. The Neotropical region was initially colonized in the Late Miocene, where bumblebee diversification was shown to be consistent with geologic and climatic events of the Late Cenozoic. Neotropical bumblebees likely originated from Nearctic lineages, which dispersed towards South America after 29 Ma.

There is a tendency in language courses to use textbooks which focus mainly on anglophone cultures. As a consequence, learners are more exposed to foreign cultures rather than to their own, and they have a few chances to explore and reflect on their own culture. It was evident in a syllabus for an A1 course in a Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) degree at a university in Bogotá. This article shows how problem-based activities were used to promote local cultural awareness. This action research study implemented focus groups, questionnaires, students' artifacts, and teacher's interviews. The results show that problem-based activities contribute to students' concept of culture, the development of thinking and cognitive skills, and the ability to apply problem-solving skills in local cultural contexts. It can be concluded that problem-solving activities encourage students to analyze and reflect on cultural aspects, develop skills for solving problems and improve their communicative competence.