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2. Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity

Author

Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Jandt, Ute, Chytrý, Milan, Field, Richard, Kessler, Michael, Lenoir, Jonathan, Schrodt, Franziska, Wiser, Susan K., Arfin Khan, Mohammed A. S., Attorre, Fabio, Cayuela, Luis, De Sanctis, Michele, Dengler, Jürgen, Haider, Sylvia, Hatim, Mohamed Z., Indreica, Adrian, Jansen, Florian, Pauchard, Aníbal, Peet, Robert K., Petřík, Petr, Pillar, Valério D., Sandel, Brody, Schmidt, Marco, Tang, Zhiyao, van Bodegom, Peter, Vassilev, Kiril, Violle, Cyrille, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Davidar, Priya, Dolezal, Jiri, Hérault, Bruno, Galán-de-Mera, Antonio, Jiménez, Jorge, Kambach, Stephan, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Kreft, Holger, Lezama, Felipe, Linares-Palomino, Reynaldo, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, N’Dja, Justin K., Phillips, Oliver L., Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Sklenář, Petr, Speziale, Karina, Strohbach, Ben J., Vásquez Martínez, Rodolfo, Wang, Hua-Feng, Wesche, Karsten, and Bruelheide, Helge

Published
2022
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3. Predicting range shifts of Asian elephants under global change

Author

Kanagaraj, Rajapandian, Araújo, Miguel B., Barman, Rathin, Davidar, Priya, De, Rahul, Digal, Dinesh K., Gopi, G. V., Johnsingh, A. J. T., Kakati, Kashmira, Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Lamichhane, Babu R., Lyngdoh, Salvador, Madhusudan, M. D., Najar, Muneer Ul Islam, Parida, Jyotirmayee, Pradhan, Narendra M. B., Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Raghunath, R., Rahim, P. P. Abdul, Selvan, K. Muthamizh, Subedi, Naresh, Trabucco, Antonio, Udayraj, Swati, Wiegand, Thorsten, Williams, Amirtharaj C., and Goyal, Surendra P.

Published
2019

4. A critique of the Right of Passage as a guide to elephant corridors in India.

Author

Puyravaud, Jean‐Philippe, Davidar, Priya, and Cushman, Samuel A.

Subjects
*WILDLIFE conservation, *ASIATIC elephant, *VERNAL pools, *BIOSPHERE reserves, *LANDSCAPE ecology
Abstract

The article is a critique of the Right of Passage (ROP) document, which identifies elephant corridors in India for conservation purposes. The authors argue that the ROP lacks a working definition of "corridor" and does not use rigorous scientific methods to identify and validate corridors. They also point out that the ROP misses important existing corridors and fails to consider the hierarchical nature of corridor networks. The authors recommend using more objective modeling methods to map and prioritize elephant corridors in India. They emphasize the need for accurate and comprehensive information to guide conservation efforts. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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5. Pan-tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees

Author

Bastin, Jean-François, Rutishauser, Ervan, Kellner, James R., Saatchi, Sassan, Pélissier, Raphael, Hérault, Bruno, Slik, Ferry, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Marshall, Andrew R., Poulsen, John, Alvarez-Loyayza, Patricia, Andrade, Ana, Angbonga-Basia, Albert, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ayyappan, Narayanan, de Azevedo, Celso Paulo, Banki, Olaf, Barbier, Nicolas, Barroso, Jorcely G., Beeckman, Hans, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Brandão, Hilandia, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer Ndoundou, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa, Cassart, Benoit, Chave, Jérôme, Chazdon, Robin, Chuyong, Georges, Clark, David B., Clark, Connie J., Condit, Richard, Coronado, Euridice N. Honorio, Davidar, Priya, de Haulleville, Thalès, Descroix, Laurent, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Dourdain, Aurelie, Droissart, Vincent, Duncan, Thomas, Espejo, Javier Silva, Espinosa, Santiago, Farwig, Nina, Fayolle, Adeline, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferraz, Antonio, Fletcher, Christine, Gajapersad, Krisna, Gillet, Jean-François, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Gonmadje, Christelle, Grogan, James, Harris, David, Herzog, Sebastian K., Homeier, Jürgen, Hubau, Wannes, Hubbell, Stephen P., Hufkens, Koen, Hurtado, Johanna, Kamdem, Narcisse G., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Labrière, Nicolas, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Ligot, Gauthier, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz S., Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Martin, Emmanuel H., Matius, Paulus, Meyer, Victoria, Bautista, Casimero Mendoza, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Mtui, Arafat, Neill, David, Gutierrez, Germaine Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Phillips, Oliver L., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Ploton, Pierre, Ponette, Quentin, Ramesh, B. R., Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Rolim, Samir Gonçalves, Saltos, Hugo Romero, Rossi, Luiz Marcelo Brum, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Rovero, Francesco, Saner, Philippe, Sasaki, Denise, Schulze, Mark, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Sonke, Bonaventure, Soto, J. Daniel, de Souza, Cintia Rodrigues, Stropp, Juliana, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Swanepoel, Ben, ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John, Texier, Nicolas, Toma, Takeshi, Valencia, Renato, Valenzuela, Luis, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Van Andel, Tinde R., Vasque, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Vivek, Pandi, Vleminckx, Jason, Vos, Vincent A., Wagner, Fabien H., Papi Puspa, Warsudi, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderick J., and Zebaze, Donatien

Published
2018

6. Conservation implications of high gene flow and lack of pronounced spatial genetic structure in elephants supported by contiguous suitable habitat in north‐western India.

Author

De, Rahul, Sharma, Reeta, Singh, Sujeet Kumar, Rasteiro, Rita, Bhaskar, Ranjana, Khan, Imran, Kanagaraj, Rajapandian, Kakati, Kashmira, Nigam, Parag, Williams, A. Christy, Davidar, Priya, Habib, Bilal, and Goyal, Surendra Prakash

Subjects
GENE flow, ASIATIC elephant, ELEPHANTS, GENETIC variation, LIFE history theory, POPULATION viability analysis
Abstract

The western Terai Arc Landscape (wTAL) in Uttarakhand, India, marks the range limit for the Asian elephant in north‐western India. This region has been impacted by land‐use changes and infrastructure expansion for the last seven decades. To evaluate the impact of habitat deterioration on the population structure of elephants in the region, we characterized their genetic diversity and local genetic structure using mitochondrial (D loop) and nuclear DNA (microsatellites; n = 15) markers. We used tissue samples of 114 elephants from five different sub‐populations, collected between 2005 and 2014. The genetic variation was moderate (HO = 0.49–0.55) compared with other Indian elephant populations. Two mtDNA haplotypes were identified without strong spatial patterns across wTAL. Bayesian individual‐based clustering algorithm identified two genetic clusters (K = 2) with high admixture (50% at Q < 0.7) and no spatial adherence. Though K = 1 was not supported by the Bayesian algorithm, multivariate analysis and sibship patterns did not indicate genetic differentiation. The lack of spatial genetic structuring suggests high levels of gene flow, indicating that this population is still panmictic. This suggests that the life history traits of elephants as well as the ecological features of this landscape influence genetic connectivity. However, ongoing land use changes necessitate regular genetic monitoring in wTAL to identify incipient structuring caused by anthropogenic barriers to movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests

Author

Slik, J. W. Ferry, Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., K, Anitha, Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-François, Bellingham, Peter J., van den Berg, Eduardo, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H. S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean-Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, la Cerda, Iñigo Granzow-de, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M. Shah, Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I. Faridah, Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert M., Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Mahmud, Khairil Bin, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P. L., Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre, Metali, Faizah, Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, D., Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, de Oliveira, Eddie Lenza, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qie, Lan, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Pinto, José Roberto Rodrigues, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, Rocha, Diogo S. B., Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Said, Mohd. Nizam Mohd., Saiter, Felipe Z., Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio, dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schoengart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Sposito, Tereza, Steinmetz, Robert, Stevart, Tariq, Suganuma, Marcio Seiji, Sukri, Rahayu, Sultana, Aisha, Sukumar, Raman, Sunderland, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Ed V. J., Targhetta, Natalia, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan, Timberlake, Jonathan, de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, van Valkenburg, Johan, Van Do, Tran, Van Sam, Hoang, Vandermeer, John H., Verbeeck, Hans, Vetaa, Ole Reidar, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge, Williams, John, Wiser, Susan, Wittmann, Florian, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, and Zang, Runguo

Published
2018

20. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, J. W. Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves,, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bellingham, Peter J., van den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo L. M., Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, L. Chazdon, Clark, Connie, Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean-Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A. O., Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, de Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean-François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos A., de Jong, Bernardus H. J., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H., Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P. L., Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria T. F., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John, Powers, Jennifer, Prasad, Rama C., Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Reitsma, Jan, dos Santos, João Roberto, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan K., Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, Stevart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I.-Fang, Sunderand, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jangwei, Targhetta, Natália, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Tchouto, Peguy, Hurtado, Johanna, Valencia, Renato, van Valkenburg, Johan L. C. H., Van Do, Tran, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge A., Williams, John, Wittmann, Florian, Wöll, Hannsjoerg, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Yoneda, Tsuyoshi, Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, de Assis, Rafael L., Luize, Bruno Garcia, and Venticinque, Eduardo M.

Published
2015

24. Species–area relationships in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands emerge because rarer species are disproportionately favored on larger islands

Author

Gooriah, Leana D., Davidar, Priya, and Chase, Jonathan M.

Subjects
disproportionate effects, island biogeography, lcsh:QH540-549.5, gamma diversity, beta diversity, alpha diversity, individual‐based rarefaction, lcsh:Ecology, heterogeneity, passive sampling, species–area relationship, Original Research
Abstract

The island species–area relationship (ISAR) describes how the number of species increases with increasing size of an island (or island‐like habitat), and is of fundamental importance in island biogeography and conservation. Here, we use a framework based on individual‐based rarefaction to infer whether ISARs result from passive sampling, or whether some processes are acting beyond sampling (e.g., disproportionate effects and/or habitat heterogeneity). Using data on total and relative abundances of four taxa (birds, butterflies, amphibians, and reptiles) from multiple islands in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, we examine how different metrics of biodiversity (total species richness, rarefied species richness, and abundance‐weighted effective numbers of species emphasizing common species) vary with island area. Total species richness increased for all taxa, as did rarefied species richness controlling for a given sampling effort. This indicates that the ISAR did not result because of passive sampling, but that instead, some species were disproportionately favored on larger islands. For birds, frogs, and lizards, this disproportionate effect was only associated with species that were rarer in the samples, but for butterflies, both more common and rarer species were affected. Furthermore, for the two taxa for which we had plot‐level data (reptiles and amphibians), within‐island β‐diversity did not increase with island size, suggesting that within‐island compositional effects were unlikely to be driving these ISARs. Overall, our results indicate that the ISARs of these taxa are most likely driven by disproportionate effects, that is, where larger islands are important sources of biodiversity beyond a simple sampling expectation, especially through their influence on rarer species, thus emphasizing their role in the preservation and conservation of species., Here, we show that the island species–area relationships (ISARs) of birds, butterflies, amphibians, and reptiles in the Andaman and Nicobar islands are a result of processes beyond random sampling, where species are disproportionately favored on larger islands. Using an abundance‐weighted diversity measure, we show that this disproportionate effect is primarily due to changes in the abundance of rare species. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of larger islands as sources of rare species.

Published
2020

32. In this issue

Author

Davidar, Priya and Corlett, Richard

Published
2007

36. Fencing Can Alter Gene Flow of Asian Elephant Populations within Protected Areas.

Author

Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Cushman, Samuel A., Reddy, P. Anuradha, Boominathan, Durairaj, Sharma, Reeta, Arumugam, Neelakantan, Selvan, Kanagaraj Muthamizh, Mohanraj, Nagarathinam, Arulmozhi, Sedupathy, Rahim, Abdul, Kalam, Tamanna, De, Rahul, Udayraj, Swati, Luis, Andrea, Najar, Muneer Ul Islam, Raman, Kothandapani, Krishnakumar, Bawa Mothilal, Goyal, Surendra Prakash, and Davidar, Priya

Subjects
ASIATIC elephant, GENE flow, PROTECTED areas, GENOTYPES
Abstract

The Asian elephant is mostly confined to mountainous ranges and therefore risks population fragmentation if hard protected area (PA) boundaries near steep slopes prevent movement. We tested whether elephant gene flow is (i) controlled by slope and (ii) affected by the interplay between barriers and slope. We used 176 unique genotypes obtained non-invasively from fresh elephant dung to assess individual-by-individual genetic distance across the Western Ghats of India, a biodiversity hotspot. To assess landscape distance, 36 resistance models were produced by transforming a slope raster. Core areas and corridors were calculated from the raster that provided the best correlation between the genetic and distance matrices. The influence of the closure of PAs on gene flow was examined for one region, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The best resistance raster obtained by transforming the slope occupancy model was better than Euclidean distance for explaining genetic distance, indicating that slope partially controls gene flow. Fencing elephant PAs on hilly terrain reduces core areas and disrupts corridors. Consequently, hard PA boundaries abutting slopes can fragment elephant populations, but this can be ameliorated by protecting the adjacent flatter terrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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48. PATHS TO PRESERVE: Tap into the advancements of landscape ecology, not just expert knowledge, to identify and restore elephant corridors.

Author

Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Cushman, Samuel A., and Davidar, Priya

Subjects
LANDSCAPE ecology, CORRIDORS (Ecology), BIODIVERSITY conservation, ELEPHANTS, WILDLIFE conservation, HABITAT conservation, SCIENTIFIC method, ASIATIC elephant
Abstract

The article discusses the importance of identifying and restoring elephant corridors to protect the Asian elephant population and conserve biodiversity. It highlights the limitations of relying solely on expert knowledge to identify corridors and emphasizes the need to incorporate advancements in landscape ecology and animal behavior. The article explains how field data, GIS technology, and adapted algorithms can be used to accurately predict elephant movement and identify functional corridors. It also calls for the development of a national framework based on scientific methods to ensure effective habitat connectivity and conservation. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

49. SEABIRD AND CETACEAN OCCURRENCE IN THE BAY OF BENGAL ASSOCIATED WITH MARINE PRODUCTIVITY AND COMMERCIAL FISHING EFFORT

Author

Mondreti, Ravichandra, Davidar, Priya, Ryan, Peter, Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste, Grémillet, David, Université de Pondichéry, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and gremillet, david

Subjects
overfishing, upper trophic level predators, conservation, Bay of Bengal, [SDU.STU.OC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, at-sea survey, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, cetaceans, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, seabirds, biogeography, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; At-sea observations of seabirds and cetaceans provide essential baseline information about their biogeography and behaviour, facilitating marine spatial planning and management. Much of the world's oceans have been surveyed, yet some regions remain particularly data-poor for seabirds and cetaceans, including the Bay of Bengal. We performed 39 d of vessel-based observations within the Bay of Bengal from 2012 to 2014, surveying an overall linear distance of 4722.3 km. We observed 2697 seabirds of 17 species and 1441 cetaceans of at least eight species. Among the seabirds, Sooty Terns Onychoprion fuscatus (n = 2282, 85% of all birds) and Wedge-tailed Shearwaters Ardenna pacifica (n = 327, 12%) predominated, whereas cetacean numbers were dominated by Spinner Dolphins Stenella longirostris (n = 772, 54% of all cetaceans) and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops aduncus (n = 533, 37%). Other seabirds and cetaceans accounted for only 4% and 7%, respectively, of all sightings. The abundance and diversity of both groups was low compared to other tropical areas. We propose that low seabird and cetacean abundance results from low productivity due to stratification in the Bay of Bengal, as well as long-lasting disturbance, overexploitation of marine resources, possible impacts of longline fisheries, and the near absence of seabird breeding sites.

Published
2020

50. Do developmental initiatives influence local attitudes toward conservation? A case study from the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India

Author

Arjunan, M., Holmes, Christopher, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, and Davidar, Priya

Subjects
Wildlife conservation -- Case studies, Forest conservation -- Case studies, Tigers -- Case studies, Environmental protection -- Case studies, Environmental issues
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.06.007 Byline: M. Arjunan (a), Christopher Holmes (b), Jean-Philippe Puyravaud (c), Priya Davidar (a) Abstract: We evaluated the conservation attitudes of the local villagers living adjacent to the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in southern India 6 years after implementation of a World Bank funded eco-development project. We assessed attitudes towards three facets of conservation: the tiger, an emblematic species signifying India's commitment to wildlife conservation; the forest, a principle source of fuel-wood and other products; and the Forest Department, which manages the forest. More specifically we predicted that (i) attitudes would be an effective predictor of resource use interest in the forest and (ii) benefits obtained from the EDP would create more favorable attitudes towards conservation and the protected area employees. Twelve villages located within 3km from the reserve boundary were chosen and 2-3% of the households interviewed with regard to their attitudes towards these three facets of conservation, their household resource use patterns, wealth, sex, age and length of residency. We found significant associations between wealth, sex, age and both tiger and forest conservation. Providing benefits has not changed the underlying attitudes of the communities. The poorer sections of society, whether receiving benefits or not, tended to support tiger conservation because conserving wildlife did not affect their livelihood in any way, whereas both the rich and poor had misgivings about forest conservation due to dependency on forest products. We conclude that the eco-development project has not effectively addressed the most important of the local concerns. Author Affiliation: (a) Salim Ali School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605 014, India (b) WCS International, B.P. 8500 Soavimbahoaka, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar (c) ITPI India Pvt. Ltd., 6 Romain Rolland Street, Pondicherry 605 001, India Article History: Received 20 August 2004; Revised 16 May 2005; Accepted 20 June 2005

Published
2006

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