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The challenges arising due to the construction industry in balancing the development along with ecological concerns are being focussed upon in this paper. The detailed analysis of the materials that are being brought to use as a sustainable material in the constructions sectors is being focussed upon. Since the late 20th century, there have been significant developments in the building industry. Since the population is rising and the need for housing is increasing, all available resources must be employed to satisfy the demand as it stands. This will have a significant long-term effect on the situation since the resources at hand are insufficient to meet the demand. There are many data and trends about sustainable construction approaches that is being developed by the researchers across the world that form the basis of this review study. The work found that associated industries should be encouraged to take part in the seminars, workshops, and other training programs that are organized at various events in order to deepen and improve their comprehension of the concept of sustainable development. The comparison drawn-out in between the conventional and a smart building concludes the benefits of using sustainable methods in the construction industry.

The recent world is being focused on deriving methods for using renewable energy-based systems to meet the energy demands. There are various research areas to be focused upon for making the output from these energy systems more reliable and efficient. The focus of this paper is on examining on such key component, a Unified power flow Controller (UPFC) into solar Photovoltaic (PV) structures to enhance green energy transmission and efficiency. The UPFC structure has the benefits combining the STATCOM and SSSC, which is found to be vital in regulating the active and reactive power flows within the network, ensuring stability amidst system fluctuations. The software MATLAB/SIMULINK is being used for making a 400.0-kW PV-UPFC farm, the study explores the effect of UPFC on enhancing power quality and stability, addressing real-world challenges like harmonics and voltage fluctuations like sags/swells. The work also delves into novel control strategies, consisting of using Proportional-integral (PI) controllers and advanced optimization techniques, to manage the power flow effectively. It can be concluded that the research highlights the UPFC’s capability in mitigating issues inherent in integrating solar energy into the grid, inclusive of voltage rise, reverse power flow, and system instability, by means of showcasing more desirable system voltage profiles and decreased energy oscillations in the designed system.

The escalating use of plastic products alongside rising ambient temperatures has intensified concerns regarding their performance under diverse thermal conditions. This paper delves into the intricate relationship between plastic materials, ambient temperature fluctuations, and resulting stresses. Various grades of plastic materials are subjected to distinct ambient temperatures to elucidate stress generation—a pivotal aspect in plastic product design. Leveraging the finite element method, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to design and assess a plastic product under specified loads and ambient temperatures. The study encompasses the evaluation of equivalent stresses, normal and shear stresses, and deformations. Ultimately, the research culminates in the development and analysis of a thermally stable plastic product, offering valuable insights for robust design practices amidst evolving environmental conditions.

A Foldscope is an ultra-affordable paper microscope with a magnification up to 2000X and 2 micron resolution. It is economic, durable and easy to handle tool for scientific studies. Many govt. schools of Kamrup district, Assam found it difficult to use microscope in their regular practical classes for its complexity and high cost. For visualization of specimen under Foldscope, light source used is either natural light (during day time) or artificial light source operating on batteries. Being extremely light weight and portable, it could be easily carried along to field for various studies. In the present study, practical sessions and awareness on this instrument was conducted in the govt. and private schools of Kamrup (M), Assam. Students and school authority's feedback were collected for analyzing the scope of Foldscope in future use as a part of their syllabus. The hands on training of the instrument helped the student's to understand microscopic world of biology. Hence, it could be concluded that Foldscope could be incorporated in every school's syllabus for better understanding of biology by reducing school experimental expenses and overcoming the facility constraints.

In the realm of mechanical engineering, the adoption and integration of cutting-edge technologies promise unprecedented advancements in material science and production processes. This paper delves into the pioneering realm of Advanced Composite Manufacturing leveraging both Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Robotic Techniques. Exploiting the intrinsic merits of AM, such as enhanced design freedom, reduced lead times, and intricate detailing, the research synergizes these advantages with the precision, speed, and repeatability offered by robotic mechanisms. The culmination of these methods allows for the fabrication of composite structures with unparalleled geometrical intricacy and tailored mechanical properties. Key insights from our exploration involve the optimization of AM parameters for composite materials, robotic path planning for efficient layering, and a holistic technique for integrated process control. Experimental evaluations signify marked improvements in terms of strength-to-weight ratios, production efficiency, and repeatability. Our findings pave the way for a new frontier in composite production, holding significant implications for industries ranging from aerospace to biomedical engineering. This study serves as a foundational step towards a paradigm shift in how we perceive and employ composite manufacturing in a progressively digital age.

In the rapidly evolving realm of advanced materials, multifunctional composites have emerged as a pivotal frontier, offering unprecedented capabilities in structural and functional integration. This research delves into innovative manufacturing techniques tailored for the seamless integration of sensors and actuators within these composites. Traditional manufacturing methods often compromise the intrinsic properties of composites when embedding functional elements. To address this, our study introduces a novel approach that synergistically combines additive manufacturing and nanotechnology, ensuring the preservation of structural integrity while enhancing functionality. We demonstrate that through strategic placement and orientation of sensors and actuators, it is possible to achieve real-time monitoring, adaptive response, and self-healing capabilities in the composite structures. The developed techniques not only bolster the mechanical performance but also endow the composites with smart functionalities, paving the way for their application in next-generation aerospace, automotive, and biomedical sectors. This paper elucidates the underlying principles, the meticulous process optimizations, and potential applications, marking a significant stride in the convergence of materials science and intelligent systems.