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1. Interaction of the Zika virus with the cytoplasmic dynein-1

Author

Dan Israel Zavala-Vargas, Giovani Visoso-Carbajal, Leticia Cedillo-Barrón, Jessica Georgina Filisola-Villaseñor, Romel Rosales-Ramirez, Juan E. Ludert, and Edgar Morales-Ríos

Subjects
Zika, Zika virus, Envelope protein (E), Dynein, Virion transport, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a major public health threat, making the study of its biology a matter of great importance. By analyzing the viral–host protein interactions, new drug targets may be proposed. In this work, we showed that human cytoplasmic dynein-1 (Dyn) interacts with the envelope protein (E) of ZIKV. Biochemical evidence indicates that the E protein and the dimerization domain of the heavy chain of Dyn binds directly without dynactin or any cargo adaptor. Analysis of this interactions in infected Vero cells by proximity ligation assay suggest that the E–Dyn interaction is dynamic and finely tuned along the replication cycle. Altogether, our results suggest new steps in the replication cycle of the ZIKV for virion transport and indicate a suitable molecular target to modulate infection by ZIKV.

Published
2023
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3. Topology change and heterotic flux vacua

Author

Dan Israël, Ilarion V. Melnikov, Ruben Minasian, and Yann Proto

Subjects
Flux Compactifications, String Duality, Superstring Vacua, Global Symmetries, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We investigate the interrelation between topology and Narain T-duality of heterotic flux vacua. We present evidence that all 5 and 4-dimensional Minkowski space heterotic flux backgrounds with 8 supercharges have a locus in the moduli space with a T-dual description in terms of a compactification on the product of a K3 surface with a circle or a torus. A test of this equivalence is provided by calculating the new supersymmetric index on both sides of the duality. We examine the implications of these dualities for CHL-like orbifolds that reduce the rank of the gauge group, as well as those that lead to minimal supersymmetry in 4 dimensions. We also discuss properties of flux vacua that preserve minimal supersymmetry in 4 dimensions that cannot be related to conventional compactifications by Narain T-duality. Along the way we point out a number of properties of these vacua, including the role played by non-trivial flat gerbes, the appearance of rational worldsheet CFTs in decompactification limits, and the role of attractive K3 surfaces in backgrounds with minimal supersymmetry. Finally, we discuss the dual pairs from the perspective of M-theory/heterotic duality.

Published
2024
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4. Moduli spaces of non-geometric type II/heterotic dual pairs

Author

Dan Israel, Yoan Gautier, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Superstring Vacua, Duality (optimization), FOS: Physical sciences, supersymmetry: 2, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 01 natural sciences, String (physics), string model: Type IIA, High Energy Physics::Theory, Singularity, Superstrings and Heterotic Strings, Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry, perturbation theory: correction, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, correction: nonperturbative, Mathematical physics, Heterotic string theory, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], background: Calabi-Yau, Supersymmetry, Coupling (probability), Moduli space, string model: heterotic, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), multiplet: vector, moduli space, lcsh:QC770-798, prepotential, String Duality, String duality
Abstract

We study the moduli spaces of heterotic/type II dual pairs in four dimensions with N=2 supersymmetry corresponding to non-geometric Calabi-Yau backgrounds on the type II side and to T-fold compactifications on the heterotic side. The vector multiplets moduli space receives perturbative corrections in the heterotic description only, and non-perturbative correction in both descriptions. We derive explicitely the perturbative corrections to the heterotic four-dimensional prepotential, using the knowledge of its singularity structure and of the heterotic perturbative duality group. We also derive the exact hypermultiplets moduli space, that receives corrections neither in the string coupling nor in $\alpha'$., Comment: 34 pages, no figures

Published
2020
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5. A worldsheet approach to 𝒩 = 1 heterotic flux backgrounds

Author

Dan Israël and Yann Proto

Subjects
Conformal Field Models in String Theory, Flux Compactifications, Superstring Vacua, Superstrings and Heterotic Strings, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Heterotic backgrounds with torsion preserving minimal supersymmetry in four dimensions can be obtained as orbifolds of principal T 2 bundles over K3. We consider a worldsheet description of these backgrounds as gauged linear sigma-models (GLSMs) with (0, 2) supersymmetry. Such a formulation provides a useful framework in order to address the resolution of singularities of the orbifold geometries. We investigate the constraints imposed by discrete symmetries on the corresponding torsional GLSMs. In particular, the principal T 2 connection over K3 is inherited from (0, 2) vector multiplets. As these vectors gauge global scaling symmetries of products of projective spaces, the corresponding K3 geometry is naturally realized as an algebraic hypersurface in such a product (or as a branched cover of it). We outline the general construction for describing such orbifolds. We give explicit constructions for automorphisms of order two and three.

Published
2023
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6. Threshold corrections in heterotic flux compactifications

Author

Matthieu Sarkis, Carlo Angelantonj, Dan Israel, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies ( LPTHE ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Instanton, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Worldsheet, Superstring Vacua, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, torus, Type (model theory), threshold: correction, differential forms: 3, 01 natural sciences, [ PHYS.HTHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], topological, Gravitation, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics::Theory, Superstrings and Heterotic Strings, Flux compactifications, 0103 physical sciences, S-duality, surface, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, gravitation: coupling, 010306 general physics, Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry, correction: nonperturbative, compactification: heterotic, compactification: flux, Heterotic string theory, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Torus, Gauge (firearms), instanton: correction, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), fibre, lcsh:QC770-798
Abstract

We compute the one-loop threshold corrections to the gauge and gravitational couplings for a large class of N=2 non-K\"ahler heterotic compactifications with three-form flux, consisting in principal two-torus bundles over K3 surfaces. We obtain the results as sums of BPS-states contributions, depending on the topological data of the bundle. We analyse also the worldsheet non-perturbative corrections coming from instantons wrapping the torus fiber, that are mapped under S-duality to D-instanton corrections in type I flux compactifications., Comment: 36 pages

Published
2017
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7. Proximal row carpectomy on manual workers: 17 patients followed for an average of 6 years

Author

Pierre Mansat, Costel Apredoaei, Dan Israel, Michel Rongières, Stéphanie Delclaux, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE)

Subjects
Male, Wrist Joint, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, 030230 surgery, Wrist, 0302 clinical medicine, Autre, Dégénératif, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Pain Measurement, 030222 orthopedics, Rehabilitation, Degenerative, Middle Aged, Proximal row carpectomy, Occupational Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Midcarpal joint, Female, Range of motion, SLAC, SNAC, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Arthrodesis, Résection, Carpe, 03 medical and health sciences, Osteoarthritis, medicine, Humans, In patient, Carpus, Carpal Bones, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Carpal Joints, business.industry, SLAC Wrist, medicine.disease, Resection, Wrist osteoarthritis, Surgery, body regions, business, Organ Sparing Treatments, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is indicated for the treatment of SNAC or SLAC wrist with preservation of the midcarpal joint. Our hypothesis was that PRC is not appropriate for treating advanced wrist osteoarthritis in patients who carry out heavy manual work. Twenty-three PRCs were performed on 21 patients, 5 women and 16 men with an average age of 54 years (33–77). All patients performed manual work; 11 of them performed heavy manual work. Etiologies were: SLAC wrist in 14 cases (2 stage III, 11 stage II, and 1 stage I) and SNAC wrist in 9 cases (6 stage IIIB and 3 stage IIB). At an average 75 months’ follow-up (24–153), five patients were lost to follow-up. Radiocarpal arthrodesis was performed in one patient 10 years after the PRC. In the 17 remaining patients (18 wrists), pain (VAS) averaged 2.2, with residual pain of 5. Flexion–extension range was similar to preoperative levels (67% of contralateral wrist). Wrist strength was decreased by 34% compared to preoperative. The QuickDASH score averaged 26 points and the PRWE 20 points. Radiocapitate distance decreased by 0.3 mm on average with joint line narrowing in 6 patients. The carpal translation index was 0.33 mm, which was unchanged relative to preoperative values. Three patients had work-related limitations that required retraining and one patient had to be reassigned. PRC preserved the preoperative range of motion and reduced pain levels. However, significant loss of strength was observed, resulting in 23% of manual workers needing retraining or reassignment. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.

Published
2016

8. Dressed elliptic genus of heterotic compactifications with torsion and general bundles

Author

Dan Israel, Matthieu Sarkis, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pure mathematics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, K3 surface, Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics::Theory, Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry, Superstrings and Heterotic Strings, Genus (mathematics), Euler characteristic, Flux compactifications, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, Fiber bundle, Differential and Algebraic Geometry, Number Theory (math.NT), Abelian group, 010306 general physics, Algebraic Geometry (math.AG), Holomorphic vector bundle, Physics, Heterotic string theory, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Mathematics - Number Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 16. Peace & justice, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), symbols, Torsion (algebra), Sigma Models
Abstract

We define and compute the dressed elliptic genus of N = 2 heterotic compactifications with torsion that are principal two-torus bundles over a K3 surface. We consider the most general gauge bundle compatible with supersymmetry, a stable holomorphic vector bundle over the base together with an Abelian bundle over the total space, generalizing the computation previously done by the authors in the absence of the latter. Starting from a (0,2) gauged linear sigma-model with torsion we use supersymmetric localization to obtain the result. We provide also a mathematical definition of the dressed elliptic genus as a modified Euler characteristic and prove that both expressions agree for hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces. Finally we show that it admits a natural decomposition in terms of N = 4 superconformal characters, that may be useful to investigate moonshine phenomena for this wide class of N = 2 vacua, that includes K3*T2 compactifications as special cases., Comment: 36 pages, version published in JHEP

Published
2016
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9. The Abelian heterotic conifold

Author

Dan Israel, Nick Halmagyi, and Eirik Eik Svanes

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics, Heterotic string theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Zero mode, Conifold, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Worldsheet, Horizon, Supergravity, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics::Theory, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 0103 physical sciences, Dilaton, 010306 general physics, Orbifold, Mathematical physics
Abstract

We study heterotic supergravity on the conifold and its Z2 orbifold with Abelian gauge fields and three-form flux. At large distances, these solutions are locally Ricci-flat, have a magnetic flux through the two-sphere at infinity as well as non-zero five-brane charge. For a given flux, our family of solutions has three real parameters, the size of the pair of two spheres in the IR and the dilaton zero mode. We present an explicit analytic solution for the decoupled near horizon region where for a given flux, the size of the cycles is frozen and the only parameter is the dilaton zero mode. We also present an exactly solvable worldsheet CFT for this near horizon region. When one of the two cycles has vanishing size, the near horizon region no longer exists but we obtain a solution on the (unorbifolded) resolved conifold., 44 pages, 22 figures

Published
2016

10. Experimental determination and theoretical framework of kinetic fractionation at the water vapour–ice interface at low temperature

Author

Frédéric Prié, Anais Orsi, Amaelle Landais, Erik Kerstel, Mathieu Casado, Jean-François Doussin, Janek Landsberg, Dan Israel, Edouard Pangui, Alexandre Cauquoin, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics [Texas A&M University], Texas A&M University [College Station], Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Condensation, Thermodynamics, Humidity, Fractionation, 01 natural sciences, Equilibrium fractionation, 0104 chemical sciences, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental chemistry, Kinetic fractionation, Water cycle, Diffusion (business), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Water vapor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Water isotopes are commonly used for climate reconstruction from ice cores. The different heavy isotopes of water such as H218O, H217O or HDO give information about local temperature but also temperature and humidity of water vapour sources. Quantification of these parameters relies on the good knowledge of equilibrium and kinetic isotopic fractionation at each step of the water cycle. One of the strongest limitations when interpreting water isotopes in remote Antarctic ice cores is the formulation of the isotopic fractionation at solid condensation (vapour to ice). This classical formulation also implies a good knowledge of coefficients for equilibrium fractionation and water vapour diffusion in air as well as supersaturation in clouds. The uncertainties associated with these different parameters make the formulation of isotopic fractionation at solid condensation only empirical. Here, we make use (1) of recent development in the measurements of water isotopes in the water vapour through infra-red spectroscopy and (2) of the possibility to measure accurately 17O-excess of water to test the classical formulation and parameterization of isotopic fractionation at solid condensation. A first experiment involving very strong supersaturation evidences a strong kinetic effect on 17O-excess at solid condensation, similar to d-excess. It also shows the limits of the classical formulation of water isotopic fractionation during solid condensation estimation at very low temperature. A second experiment performed in a cloud chamber under controlled conditions uses cavity ring down spectrometers (CRDS) to determine the spatial variability of water vapour isotopic composition due to diffusion (kinetic effect) during solid condensation. The spatial variability of water vapour isotopic composition can be relatively well reproduced by the resolution of diffusion toward a cold plate. This preliminary study opens new perspectives to revisit the classical formulation of water isotopic fractionation during solid condensation at very low temperature.

Published
2016
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11. New supersymmetric index of heterotic compactifications with torsion

Author

Matthieu Sarkis and Dan Israel

Subjects
Physics, Large class, Heterotic string theory, High Energy Physics - Theory, Pure mathematics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 010102 general mathematics, FOS: Physical sciences, Supersymmetry, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics::Theory, Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Bundle, 0103 physical sciences, Witten index, Torsion (algebra), FOS: Mathematics, Algebraic Topology (math.AT), Mathematics - Algebraic Topology, 0101 mathematics, Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
Abstract

We compute the new supersymmetric index of a large class of N=2 heterotic compactifications with torsion, corresponding to principal two-torus bundles over warped K3 surfaces with H-flux. Starting from a UV description as a (0,2) gauged linear sigma-model with torsion, we use supersymmetric localization techniques to provide an explicit expression of the index as a sum over the Jeffrey-Kirwan residues of the one-loop determinant. We finally propose a geometrical formula that gives the new supersymmetric index in terms of bundle data, regardless of any particular choice of underlying two-dimensional theory., 53 pages. Version 2 to be published in JHEP: added proof of the geometrical formula for the quartic, few minor clarifications and typos corrected

Published
2015

12. Strings and D-branes in holographic backgrounds

Author

Dan Israel

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics - Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Boundary (topology), Superstring theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Supersymmetry, Partition function (mathematics), String (physics), Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics::Theory, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Brane cosmology, Coset, Boundary value problem
Abstract

We review recent progress in the study of non-rational (boundary) conformal field theories and their applications to describe exact holographic backgrounds in superstring theory. We focus mainly on the example of the supersymmetric coset SL(2,R)/U(1), corresponding to the two-dimensional black hole, and its dual N=2 Liouville. In particular we discuss the modular properties of their characters, their partition function as well as the exact boundary states for their various D-branes. Then these results are used to construct the corresponding quantities in the CFT of the NS5-brane background, with applications to Little String Theories., 5 pages, one figure; contribution to the proceedings of RTN Workshop, Kolymbari, Crete, Greece, 5-10 September 2004

Published
2005

13. D-branes in Little String Theory

Author

Ari Pakman, Jan Troost, Dan Israel, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], FOS: Physical sciences, Little string theory, String field theory, Type I string theory, 01 natural sciences, Relationship between string theory and quantum field theory, String (physics), Theoretical physics, Non-critical string theory, High Energy Physics::Theory, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Mathematics::K-Theory and Homology, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, String phenomenology, Brane, 010306 general physics, Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry
Abstract

We analyze in detail the D-branes in the near-horizon limit of NS5-branes on a circle, the holographic dual of little string theory in a double scaling limit. We emphasize their geometry in the background of the NS5-branes and show the relation with D-branes in coset models. The exact one-point function giving the coupling of the closed string states with the D-branes and the spectrum of open strings is computed. Using these results, we analyze several aspects of Hanany-Witten setups, using exact CFT analysis. In particular we identify the open string spectrum on the D-branes stretched between NS5-branes which confirms the low-energy analysis in brane constructions, and that allows to go to higher energy scales. As an application we show the emergence of the beta-function of the N=2 gauge theory on D4-branes stretching between NS5-branes from the boundary states describing the D4-branes. We also speculate on the possibility of getting a matrix model description of little string theory from the effective theory on the D1-branes. By considering D3-branes orthogonal to the NS5-branes we find a CFT incarnation of the Hanany-Witten effect of anomalous creation of D-branes. Finally we give an brief description of some non-BPS D-branes., JHEP class; 61 pages, 12 figures. v2: small corrections, references added; v3: some corrections in the non-BPS branes section, published version

Published
2005

14. The partition function of the supersymmetric two-dimensional black hole and little string theory

Author

Costas Kounnas, Dan Israel, Ari Pakman, Jan Troost, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Partition function (quantum field theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], FOS: Physical sciences, Little string theory, GSO projection, 01 natural sciences, Minimal model, Black hole, High Energy Physics::Theory, Scaling limit, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 0103 physical sciences, Euclidean geometry, 010306 general physics, Central charge, Mathematical physics
Abstract

We compute the partition function of the supersymmetric two-dimensional Euclidean black hole geometry described by the SL(2,R)/U(1) superconformal field theory. We decompose the result in terms of characters of the N=2 superconformal symmetry. We point out puzzling sectors of states besides finding expected discrete and continuous contributions to the partition function. By adding an N=2 minimal model factor of the correct central charge and projecting on integral N=2 charges we compute the partition function of the background dual to little string theory in a double scaling limit. We show the precise correspondence between this theory and the background for NS5-branes on a circle, due to an exact description of the background as a null gauging of SL(2,R) x SU(2). Finally, we discuss the interplay between GSO projection and target space geometry., JHEP class, 35 pages, no figures; v2: minor changes, typos corrected, published version

Published
2004

15. Quantization of heterotic strings in a Goedel/Anti de Sitter spacetime and chronology protection

Author

Dan Israel, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Heterotic string theory, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 98.80.Hw,04.50.+h,11.10.Kk,11.10.Wx, Spacetime, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Conformal field theory, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], FOS: Physical sciences, Superstring theory, CFT, 01 natural sciences, Goedel universe, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics::Theory, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Superstring backgrounds, 0103 physical sciences, String background, Anti-de Sitter space, Invariant (mathematics), 010306 general physics, AdS3, Closed timelike curve
Abstract

We show that a Goedel-like deformation of AdS3 in heterotic string theory can be realized as an exact string background. Indeed this class of solutions is obtained as an exactly marginal deformation of the conformal field theory describing the NS5/F1 heterotic background. It can also be embedded in type II superstrings as a Kaluza-Klein reduction. We compute the spectrum of this model as well as the genus one modular invariant partition function. We discuss the issue of closed timelike curves and the propagation of long strings. They destabilize completely the background, although we construct another exact string background that may describe the result of the condensation of these long strings. Closed timelike curves are avoided in that case., 23 pages; v2: minor changes, references added, version to appear in JHEP

Published
2004

16. Superstrings on NS5 backgrounds, deformed AdS3 and holography

Author

Dan Israel, Costas Kounnas, P. Marios Petropoulos, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instanton, Worldsheet, FOS: Physical sciences, CFT, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics::Theory, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Conformal field theory, PACS: 98.80.Hw,04.50.+h,11.10.Kk,11.10.Wx, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Little string theory, Superstring theory, Partition function (mathematics), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Superstrings backgrounds, Gravitational singularity, Dilaton, Little String Theory, AdS3, Branes
Abstract

We study a non-standard decoupling limit of the D1/D5-brane system, which interpolates between the near-horizon geometry of the D1/D5 background and the near-horizon limit of the pure D5-brane geometry. The S-dual description of this background is actually an exactly solvable two-dimensional (worldsheet) conformal field theory: {null-deformed SL(2,R)} x SU(2) x T^4 or K3. This model is free of strong-coupling singularities. By a careful treatment of the SL(2,R), based on the better-understood SL(2,R) / U(1) coset, we obtain the full partition function for superstrings on SL(2,R) x SU(2) x K3. This allows us to compute the partition functions for the J^3 and J^2 current-current deformations, as well as the full line of supersymmetric null deformations, which links the SL(2,R) conformal field theory with linear dilaton theory. The holographic interpretation of this setup is a renormalization-group flow between the decoupled NS5-brane world-volume theory in the ultraviolet (Little String Theory), and the low-energy dynamics of super Yang--Mills string-like instantons in six dimensions., Comment: JHEP style, 59 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor changes, to appear in JHEP

Published
2003

17. Moduli spaces of non-geometric type II/heterotic dual pairs

Author

Yoan Gautier and Dan Israël

Subjects
String Duality, Superstring Vacua, Superstrings and Heterotic Strings, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We study the moduli spaces of heterotic/type II dual pairs in four dimensions with N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supersymmetry corresponding to non-geometric Calabi-Yau backgrounds on the type II side and to T-fold compactifications on the heterotic side. The vector multiplets moduli space receives perturbative corrections in the heterotic description only, and non- perturbative correction in both descriptions. We derive explicitely the perturbative corrections to the heterotic four-dimensional prepotential, using the knowledge of its singularity structure and of the heterotic perturbative duality group. We also derive the exact hypermultiplets moduli space, that receives corrections neither in the string coupling nor in α′.

Published
2020
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18. Heterotic Hyper-Kähler flux backgrounds

Author

Nick Halmagyi, Dan Israël, Matthieu Sarkis, and Eirik Eik Svanes

Subjects
Superstring Vacua, Superstrings and Heterotic Strings, Flux compactifications, Black Holes in String Theory, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We study Heterotic supergravity on Hyper-Kähler manifolds in the presence of non-trivial warping and three form flux with Abelian bundles in the large charge limit. We find exact, regular solutions for multi-centered Gibbons-Hawking spaces and Atiyah-Hitchin manifolds. In the case of Atiyah-Hitchin, regularity requires that the circle at infinity is of the same order as the instanton number, which is taken to be large. Alternatively there may be a non-trivial density of smeared five branes at the bolt.

Published
2017
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19. Threshold corrections in heterotic flux compactifications

Author

Carlo Angelantonj, Dan Israël, and Matthieu Sarkis

Subjects
Flux compactifications, Superstring Vacua, Superstrings and Heterotic Strings, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We compute the one-loop threshold corrections to the gauge and gravitational couplings for a large class of N = 2 $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ non-Kähler heterotic compactifications with three-form flux, consisting in principal two-torus bundles over K3 surfaces. We obtain the results as sums of BPS-states contributions, depending on the topological data of the bundle. We analyse also the worldsheet non-perturbative corrections coming from instantons wrapping the torus fiber, that are mapped under S-duality to D-instanton corrections in type I flux compactifications.

Published
2017
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20. T-duality in gauged linear sigma-models with torsion

Author

Dan Israel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics, Pure mathematics, T-duality, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Torus bundle, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Torsion (mechanics), Sigma, Torus, 01 natural sciences, Moduli, Quantization (physics), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Bundle, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry
Abstract

(0,2) gauged linear sigma models with torsion, corresponding to principal torus bundles over warped CY bases, provide a useful framework for getting exact statements about perturbative dualities in the presence of fluxes. In this context we first study dualities mapping the torus fiber onto itself, implying the existence of quantization constraints on the torus moduli for consistency. Second, we investigate dualities mixing the principal torus bundle with the gauge bundle, relating the torsional GLSMs to ordinary ones corresponding to CY compactifications with non-standard embeddings, namely two classes of models with different target-space topologies., 27 pages. Version 2 : significant changes in section 4. Version 3 : few improvements in the text, published version. Version 4 : few typos corrected and clarifications

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21. Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial

Author

Andrea Alemany, Pere Millat-Martinez, Marc Corbacho-Monné, Clara Suñer, Cristina Galvan-Casas, Caty Carrera, Dan Ouchi, Núria Prat, Jordi Ara, Nuria Nadal, Ricard Riel, Blanca Funollet, Carmen Ojeda-Ciurana, Lluis Esteve Balague, Betlem Salvador-González, Anna Forcada Arcarons, Josep Vidal-Alaball, María Isabel Del Cura-González, Ricardo Rodríguez Barrientos, Rafel Ramos-Blanes, Alberto Alum Bou, Elsa Mondou, Mireia Torres, Neus Campins, Ana Sanz, Yonggiang Tang, Miquel Àngel Rodriguez-Arias, Quique Bassat, Bonaventura Clotet, Oriol Mitjà, Adrià Aguilar-Uroz, Adrià Rosell-García-Ufano, Adrián Escudero Planas, Aida Baelo, Ainhoa Villahoz Martín, Alberto Moreno López, Alberto Roldan Ruiz, Alberto Santana Briongos, Alberto Tejera Bodas, Alejandro Alonso-Vallés, Alejandro Fletes-Pérez, Alejandro Hueso-Mor, Alex Boluda, Alex Santamaria, Alicia Santos Diestro, Almudena Revuelta-Álvarez, Álvaro Moreno Moreno, Ana Ortega de Felipe, Ana Chen-Ye, Ana Blázquez Valerón, Ana Belén Rodríguez Pérez, Ana Laura Tristán Morgalo, Ana Luisa Fernández-Allende, Andrea Bagán-Trejo, Andrés Fernández Juan, Ángel Zalve-Cano, Anna Mateo-Martínez, Antonio Valero Galván, Antonio Egidos-Plaja, Ariadna Jorge, Arturo Fraile Torres, Azahara Maria Pareja Leal, Bárbara Viader Castro, Barbara Fernandez Beato, Barbara Naveira Menchen, Beatriz Martin Poyatos, Beatriz García-Martínez, Belén Rodrigo Testillano, Belen Blanco Tejedor, Blanca López Pérez, Blanca Mencía Hernanz, Camila González-Beiras, Carlos Batres, Carmen Nuñez Garcia, Carmen Merino-Rodríguez, Carolina Rodríguez-Gilabert, Celia Bonilla Penedo, Christian Casado Gomez, Claudia Gonzalez Perez, Claudia Galindo-Tomás, Cristina Peral Bolaños, Cristina Blanco-Montes, Cristina Lupu-Yakovleva, Cristina Lopez Ruiz, Cristina Perez Mayoral, Cristina Fornes, Cristobal Garcia Corrochano, Daniel Gallardo Álvarez, Daniel Navarro Sanz, David Sanz Barrio, Debora Ramet Meseguer, Edna Margarita Vera-Jurado, Eduardo Perez Costa, Eilen Junet Bustillos-Sebastian, Elena Palomar Casado, Elena Dorrego Guerrero, Elena Medina Mateos, Elisa Rebeca Aragón Gaspar, Elisabeth Herrero-Vila, Enriqueta Paez Herrera, Esmeralda Rojas Powel, Esther Robres Medialdea, Esther Vall-Ribalta, Eva Lopez Perez, Felicia Mihaela Fer, Fernanda Vazquez Ángeles, Fernando Tirado Bejarano, Ferran Prats-Domenech, Ferran Borràs Martí, Gabriela Ardila-Mejia, Gèlia Costes, Gema Gómez Arquero, Gemma Flores Mateo, Guillem Pintos-Morell, Helena Mira-Centelles, Ignacio Astola Requena, Ignacio Ortega Martin, Iker Leivas-Gutierrez, Irene Escribano Valenciano, Irene Muñoz Gomez, Irina Ortega, Isabel Montserrat-Lloan, Itziar Gamboa, Jacobo Rodríguez de Torres de Paul, Jordi Cahís, Jordi Muñoz-Martinez, Jorge Iglesias Bermejo, Joselvis Virginia Cejas López, Josep Canudas, Juan Antonio García Lucas, Juan Carlos Martínez-Pino, Juana Torres Martínez, Judit Pujol-Corney, Judith González Jiménez, Júlia Gurí, Julio Labella Martín, Laia Garcia-Cano, Lara Sonsoles Perez Plata, Laura Muñoz Álvaro, Laura Rodríguez Andrés, Laura Vega Ruiz, Laura Cuevas Valiente, Laura Díaz Rodríguez, Laura Puigros, Lavinia Cristina Piciorang, Leticia Escudero, Liliana Figueroa Caballero, Lluna Ferrerfàbrega-Costals, Lucía Costafreda-Hernández, Lucía De-Paúl, Luis González Fernández-Medina, Ma Carmen Moliner Prada, Ma Cristina Berriochoa Martínez de Pisón, Maria Blanco Blasco, Maria Gil Jorge, María Cortijo Caballero, Maria Ubals, Maria Gordillo, Maria Alicia Guilloto López, Maria Concepción Moreno Calvo, María del Rosario Gil García, María Inmaculada Dueñas Román, Maria Josefa Gonzalez Sanchez, María Luisa Nicolás Campoy, Maria Luz González Velayos, Mario Mejías Zori, Mario Oliva Maqueda, Mario Caño de la Cruz, Mariona Palau-Morral, Marta Martín-Muñoz, Marta Cereceda Meca, Marta Díaz Urbina, Martha VerónicaPlazas, Martí Vall-Mayans, Martí Blasco, Mary Jane Chu-Sifuentes, Miguel García de Villasladad Peñaranda, Miguel Hernanz Sotoca, Miguel Iglesias Gonzalez, Miguel Ángel Labrador-Galván, Miguel Rodrigo de Vivar Azcarate, Miquel Gil-Fibla, Miquel Formentí-Pallarés, Mireia Esteve-Tugues, Miriam Juanes Perez, Miriam López Rubio, Mirian Recuero Renales, Mònica Hijós-Rullo, Montserrat Lleonart-Abadia, Nadia Finelli, Naiara Rojas-Bertier, Nataly Reyes-Calderón, Nerea Casado Larrañaga, Nerea Nuria Zurita Castrosin, Noélia Álvarez-Nieto, Nuria Leiva-Mora, Olga Tomillo-Martín, Omar Belghazi, Oriol Buscà, Pablo Mendoza Cediel, Pablo Macedo, Patricia Rodríguez Barroso, Patricia Ruiz Álvarez, Patricia Morales López, Patricia Jimenez Vara de Rey, Paz Lozano Ginés, Pilar Bris Rodriguez, Pilar Martínez-Alamillo, Rafa Salmerón Martínez, Raquel Botello Ariza, Raquel Vaquero Mena, Raquel González-Alonso, Raul Kaczmarczyk, Rita Barnadas Vintró, Rodrigo Hontecillas Martínez, Rosa Ribot-Rodríguez, Rosa Escobar-Sánchez, Rosario Paloma Montes Trinidad, Rubén Martínez Quintana, Ruben Arnay Arrogante, Ruben Berjon Sanchez, Ruben Picazo Navarro, Rubén Bastos, Samuel Martín Molinero, Samuel Dan Israel-Benchaya, Sandra Muñoz-Burguillo, Sandra Rodríguez-Salvador, Sara Avila, Sara Corral Gayubas, Sergio Nuñez Sánchez, Sofía Torres Weber, Susana Encabo Lopez, Teresa Torices Rasines, Valentí Sallas, Verónica Curto-Vicente, Verónica Gómez Hijosa, Verónica Daimiel-Pedrote, Verónica Gozalo, Vicente Barrios López, Virginia Ivette Castillo Montoya, Yuri Espinoza Pérez, María CristinaBerriochoa Martínez de Pisón, David Muñoz Castillo, Carlos Donato, and Isabel García García

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Antibody therapies, Asymptomatic individuals, Hyperimmune immunoglobulin, Outpatients, COVID-19, General Medicine
Abstract

Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. registry: . 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. .

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22. Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Author

Andrea Alemany, Pere Millat-Martinez, Marc Corbacho-Monné, Clara Suñer, Cristina Galvan-Casas, Caty Carrera, Dan Ouchi, Núria Prat, Jordi Ara, Nuria Nadal, Ricard Riel, Blanca Funollet, Carmen Ojeda-Ciurana, Lluis Esteve Balague, Betlem Salvador-González, Anna Forcada Arcarons, Josep Vidal-Alaball, María Isabel Del Cura-González, Ricardo Rodríguez Barrientos, Rafel Ramos-Blanes, Alberto Alum Bou, Elsa Mondou, Mireia Torres, Neus Campins, Ana Sanz, Yonggiang Tang, Miquel Àngel Rodriguez-Arias, Quique Bassat, Bonaventura Clotet, Oriol Mitjà, Adrià Aguilar-Uroz, Adrià Rosell-García-Ufano, Adrián Escudero Planas, Aida Baelo, Ainhoa Villahoz Martín, Alberto Moreno López, Alberto Roldan Ruiz, Alberto Santana Briongos, Alberto Tejera Bodas, Alejandro Alonso-Vallés, Alejandro Fletes-Pérez, Alejandro Hueso-Mor, Alex Boluda, Alex Santamaria, Alicia Santos Diestro, Almudena Revuelta-Álvarez, Álvaro Moreno Moreno, Ana Ortega de Felipe, Ana Chen-Ye, Ana Blázquez Valerón, Ana Belén Rodríguez Pérez, Ana Laura Tristán Morgalo, Ana Luisa Fernández-Allende, Andrea Bagán-Trejo, Andrés Fernández Juan, Ángel Zalve-Cano, Anna Mateo-Martínez, Antonio Valero Galván, Antonio Egidos-Plaja, Ariadna Jorge, Arturo Fraile Torres, Azahara Maria Pareja Leal, Bárbara Viader Castro, Barbara Fernandez Beato, Barbara Naveira Menchen, Beatriz Martin Poyatos, Beatriz García-Martínez, Belén Rodrigo Testillano, Belen Blanco Tejedor, Blanca López Pérez, Blanca Mencía Hernanz, Camila González-Beiras, Carlos Batres, Carmen Nuñez Garcia, Carmen Merino-Rodríguez, Carolina Rodríguez-Gilabert, Celia Bonilla Penedo, Christian Casado Gomez, Claudia Gonzalez Perez, Claudia Galindo-Tomás, Cristina Peral Bolaños, Cristina Blanco-Montes, Cristina Lupu-Yakovleva, Cristina Lopez Ruiz, Cristina Perez Mayoral, Cristina Fornes, Cristobal Garcia Corrochano, Daniel Gallardo Álvarez, Daniel Navarro Sanz, David Sanz Barrio, Debora Ramet Meseguer, Edna Margarita Vera-Jurado, Eduardo Perez Costa, Eilen Junet Bustillos-Sebastian, Elena Palomar Casado, Elena Dorrego Guerrero, Elena Medina Mateos, Elisa Rebeca Aragón Gaspar, Elisabeth Herrero-Vila, Enriqueta Paez Herrera, Esmeralda Rojas Powel, Esther Robres Medialdea, Esther Vall-Ribalta, Eva Lopez Perez, Felicia Mihaela Fer, Fernanda Vazquez Ángeles, Fernando Tirado Bejarano, Ferran Prats-Domenech, Ferran Borràs Martí, Gabriela Ardila-Mejia, Gèlia Costes, Gema Gómez Arquero, Gemma Flores Mateo, Guillem Pintos-Morell, Helena Mira-Centelles, Ignacio Astola Requena, Ignacio Ortega Martin, Iker Leivas-Gutierrez, Irene Escribano Valenciano, Irene Muñoz Gomez, Irina Ortega, Isabel Montserrat-Lloan, Itziar Gamboa, Jacobo Rodríguez de Torres de Paul, Jordi Cahís, Jordi Muñoz-Martinez, Jorge Iglesias Bermejo, Joselvis Virginia Cejas López, Josep Canudas, Juan Antonio García Lucas, Juan Carlos Martínez-Pino, Juana Torres Martínez, Judit Pujol-Corney, Judith González Jiménez, Júlia Gurí, Julio Labella Martín, Laia Garcia-Cano, Lara Sonsoles Perez Plata, Laura Muñoz Álvaro, Laura Rodríguez Andrés, Laura Vega Ruiz, Laura Cuevas Valiente, Laura Díaz Rodríguez, Laura Puigros, Lavinia Oristina Rciorang, Leticia Escudero, Liliana Figueroa Caballero, Lluna Ferrerfàbrega-Costals, Lucía Costafreda-Hernández, Lucía De-Paúl, Luis González Fernández-Medina, Ma Carmen Moliner Prada, Ma Cristina Berriochoa Martínez de Pisón, Maria Blanco Blasco, Maria Gil Jorge, María Cortijo Caballero, Maria Ubals, Maria Gordillo, Maria Alicia Guilloto López, Maria Concepción Moreno Calvo, María del Rosario Gil García, María Inmaculada Dueñas Román, Maria Josefa Gonzalez Sanchez, María Luisa Nicolás Campoy, Maria Luz González Velayos, Mario Mejías Zori, Mario Oliva Maqueda, Mario Caño de la Cruz, Mariona Palau-Morral, Marta Martín-Muñoz, Marta Cereceda Meca, Marta Díaz Urbina, Martha VerónicaPlazas, Martí Vall-Mayans, Martí Blasco, Mary Jane Chu-Sifuentes, Miguel García de Villasladad Peñaranda, Miguel Hernanz Sotoca, Miguel Iglesias Gonzalez, Miguel Ángel Labrador-Galván, Miguel Rodrigo de Vivar Azcarate, Miquel Gil-Fibla, Miquel Formentí-Pallarés, Mireia Esteve-Tugues, Miriam Juanes Perez, Miriam López Rubio, Mirian Recuero Renales, Mònica Hijós-Rullo, Montserrat Lleonart-Abadia, Nadia Finelli, Naiara Rojas-Bertier, Nataly Reyes-Calderón, Nerea Casado Larrañaga, Nerea Nuria Zurita Castrosin, Noélia Álvarez-Nieto, Nuria Leiva-Mora, Olga Tomillo-Martín, Omar Belghazi, Oriol Buscà, Pablo Mendoza Cediel, Pablo Macedo, Patricia Rodríguez Barroso, Patricia Ruiz Álvarez, Patricia Morales López, Patricia Jimenez Vara de Rey, Paz Lozano Ginés, Pilar Bris Rodriguez, Pilar Martínez-Alamillo, Rafa Salmerón Martínez, Raquel Botello Ariza, Raquel Vaquero Mena, Raquel González-Alonso, Raul Kaczmarczyk, Rita Barnadas Vintró, Rodrigo Hontecillas Martínez, Rosa Ribot-Rodríguez, Rosa Escobar-Sánchez, Rosario Paloma Montes Trinidad, Rubén Martínez Quintana, Ruben Arnay Arrogante, Ruben Berjon Sanchez, Ruben Picazo Navarro, Rubén Bastos, Samuel Martín Molinero, Samuel Dan Israel-Benchaya, Sandra Muñoz-Burguillo, Sandra Rodríguez-Salvador, Sara Avila, Sara Corral Gayubas, Sergio Nuñez Sánchez, Sofía Torres Weber, Susana Encabo Lopez, Teresa Torices Rasines, Valentí Sallas, Verónica Curto-Vicente, Verónica Gómez Hijosa, Verónica Daimiel-Pedrote, Verónica Gozalo, Vicente Barrios López, Virginia Ivette Castillo Montoya, Yuri Espinoza Pérez, María CristinaBerriochoa Martínez de Pisón, David Muñoz Castillo, Carlos Donato, and Isabel García García

Subjects
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin, Antibody therapies, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Outpatients, Asymptomatic individuals, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols.

Published
2023
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23. Combination of machine learning algorithms with natural language processing may increase the probability of bacteremia detection in the emergency department: A retrospective, big-data analysis of 94,482 patients.

Author

Ben-Haim G, Yosef M, Rowand E, Ben-Yosef J, Berman A, Sina S, Halabi N, Grossbard E, Marziano Y, and Segal G

Abstract

Background: Prompt diagnosis of bacteremia in the emergency department (ED) is of utmost importance. Nevertheless, the average time to first clinical laboratory finding range from 1 to 3 days. Alongside a myriad of scoring systems for occult bacteremia prediction, efforts for applying artificial intelligence (AI) in this realm are still preliminary. In the current study we combined an AI algorithm with a Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithm that would potentially increase the yield extracted from clinical ED data., Methods: This study involved adult patients who visited our emergency department and at least one blood culture was taken to rule out bacteremia. Using both tabular and free text data, we built an ensemble model that leverages XGBoost for structured data, and logistic regression (LR) on a word-analysis technique called bag-of-words (BOW) Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), for textual data. All algorithms were designed in order to predict the risk for bacteremia with ED patients whose blood cultures were sent to the laboratory., Results: The study cohort comprised 94,482 individuals, of whom 52% were males. The prevalence of bacteremia in the entire cohort was 9.7%. The model trained on the tabular data yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 73.7% for XGBoost, while the LR that was trained on the free text achieved an AUC of 71.3%. After checking a range of weights, the best combination was for 55% weight on the XGBoost prediction and 45% weight on the LR prediction. The final model prediction yielded an AUC of 75.6%., Conclusion: Harnessing artificial intelligence to the task of bacteremia surveillance in the ED settings by a combination of both free text and tabular data analysis improved predictive performance compared to using tabular data alone. We recommend that future AI applications based on our findings should be assimilated into the clinical routines of ED physicians., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Published
2024
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24. Cross-species conservation of a transposase-linked element enables genetic sexing of commercial populations of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii).

Author

Curzon AY, Shirak A, Meerson A, Degani G, Hurvitz A, Ben-Naim N, Domovitz R, Ron M, and Seroussi E

Subjects
Animals, Female, Gonads, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Russia, Fishes genetics, Transposases
Abstract

All-female culture of sturgeon is essential for efficient caviar production. However, Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) does not exhibit external sexual dimorphism, and therefore, commercial farms apply gonadal endoscopy or ultrasound at the earliest age of 4-5 years to separate the sexes, with ~90% accuracy. Recently, a dominant genomic marker (AllWSEX2) has been found with association to femaleness in sturgeons. We developed a duplex PCR (dAllWSEX2) with the adjacent bmp7 gene as an internal control, to validate an effective PCR. Robust amplification of control fragments was observed for all samples of our commercial A. gueldenstaedtii stock (n = 337). The dAllWSEX2 assay was significantly associated with sex (n = 43, p < 1.6 × 10 -8 ), yet four (18%) of the endoscopy-determined females were genetic males. To examine whether some females display a male genetic profile, we tested 96 egg-producing females, which were all verified as genetic females, indicating that the observed mismatches may be attributed to wrong sexing by endoscopy. Application of dAllWSEX2 on 100 7-month-old fish showed no sex-dependent differences in body weight, indicating that weighing is not an applicable tool for sorting females at a young age. Sanger sequencing of the bmp7 fragment revealed octaploidy and sex-independent variation, suggesting that the critical sex-determining region harboring AllWSEX2 is small. In keeping with a model of a single-ploidy encoding female determination, AllWSEX2 showed no variation despite being a transposase-linked repetitive element. Cross-species conservation of AllWSEX2, and absence of annotated sex-determination genes in this region suggests that, in sturgeons, the sex-determining mechanism is different from mechanisms identified in other fish., (© 2022 The Authors. Animal Genetics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.)

Published
2022
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25. Video capsule endoscopy of the small bowel.

Author

Eliakim R

Subjects
Capsule Endoscopy adverse effects, Capsule Endoscopy instrumentation, Celiac Disease diagnosis, Crohn Disease diagnosis, Drug Monitoring methods, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage etiology, Humans, Intestinal Neoplasms diagnosis, Capsule Endoscopy methods, Intestinal Diseases diagnosis, Intestine, Small pathology
Abstract

Purpose of Review: Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) was introduced 13 years ago by Given Imaging (Yokneam, Israel). It has become one of the most important investigational tools of the small bowel. The capsule is swallowed with water after a 12 h fast, propelled via peristalsis through the gastrointestinal tract and excreted naturally. A nonvideo patency capsule was developed to confirm functional patency of the gastrointestinal tract., Recent Findings: Four additional companies have introduced competitive small bowel video capsules, some of which are Food and Drug Admistration (FDA) approved. Due to the easiness of the procedure, SBCE has become a first-line tool to detect small bowel abnormalities. The main indications for SBCE include obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, suspected Crohn's disease, small bowel tumors and practically any abnormal small bowel imaging. New indications are emerging like small bowel motility and monitoring of drug therapy and mucosal healing. The present review will describe the available capsules in the market, the procedure itself, present indications and future expectations. It will focus on the PillCam SB of Given Imaging as it is the one on which most of the literature is written., Summary: Over the past 10 years, SBCE has become a routine, first-line investigational tool of many small bowel pathologies.

Published
2013
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