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In this study, a novel concept of multipoint anionic bridge (MAB) is proposed and proved, which utilizes anions with different sites to connect with the asymmetric solvation structure (ASS). Compared to usual solvation structures, this study utilizes the multifunctional groups of difluoro(oxalate)borate anion (ODFB−), which can connect with Li+. By tailoring the concentration, the anion serves as a bridge between different solvated structures. The electrolyte is investigated through in situ techniques and simulations to draw correlations between different solvation structures and reaction pathways. The proposed design demonstrates remarkable high‐temperature performance on both the anode and cathode sides, enabling stable cycling of LCO||graphite (0.5 Ah, 1.0 C) pouch cell for over 200 cycles at 80 °C and facilitating Li||MCMB and Li||LFP cells to deliver stable performance for 200 cycles at 100 °C. This work paves the way for the development of high‐performance electrolyte systems by designing and using new multipoint anions to construct ASSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a novel technique for increasing the limiting drawing ratio (LDR) in the deep drawing process. This work uses "triple-action forming (TAF)" as a new technique to enhance LDR, achieving an LDR of 2.40 for stainless steel JIS and SUS304. The TAF consists of three sequential steps with a constant blank holder force of 3 kN. The first step involves deep drawing with a punch diameter of 30 mm. In the second step, we used a smaller punch diameter of 25 mm. The third step is going deep down with a punch diameter of 30 mm until the end of the die cavity. TAF reduces the intensity of material flow during deep drawing, which results in a delay in cup wall stretching and fracturing as a result of the reduced friction. The TAF approach offers a notable edge over alternative deep drawing techniques, such as multi-step deep drawing and temperature-based forming, due to its ability to effectively enhance the LDR. These process parameters are determined before experimentation through precise finite element simulation. Validation is shown through deep drawing experiments on JIS and SUS304, conducted using FE simulations with the Y-U model and Yoshida 6th yield function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs) stands out as one of the most promising approaches to meet the escalating capacity requirements and elevate user experience. When it comes to fulfilling the exceptionally high capacity density needs of 5G networks, UDN proves to be one of the most effective solutions. For 5G of cellular networks, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques have drawn a lot of attention lately. The main justification for implementing NOMA in 5G is its capacity to accommodate numerous users concurrently while utilizing the same frequency and time resources. In this environment, handover (HO) management is a real challenge given the high network density, small coverage areas, increased user mobility and increasingly stringent QoS requirements. To address these issues, we conduct a study that combines between load balancing and HO decision-making algorithms. The object of our research project is the design of a new HO management solution for 5G ultra-dense networks (UDNs) based on the NOMA technique. A load-balancing and multi-attribute decision-making algorithm are developed to balance the load between cells, minimize the numbers of HOs and choose the best HO condition and the best target cell to maintain satisfactory quality of service. The NOMA technique was employed to orchestrate the channels designated for the backhaul links and the Macro Base Station (MBS) link to the Mobile User Equipments (MUEs) within the MBS User Equipment (UE) set. The devised Handover (HO) decision-making algorithm operates on an event-triggered basis, specifically for HO operations between cellular networks. The conducted simulations demonstrate the resilience of the proposed approach, as evidenced by its low HO failure rate, minimal HO delay, and reduced end-to-end packet delay for traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of GFR measured using ROI from ultrasound technique in diuretic renography for evaluating postoperative outcomes in infants under one year old with congenital hydronephrosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted on thirty infants who underwent abdominal ultrasound and diuretic renography before and after surgery, obtaining preoperative and postoperative gGFRs and uGFRs (measured using ROI from ultrasound technique) determined using the Gates method and ultrasonic-assisted drawing ROI technique, respectively. A comparative study was performed on total GFR as well as individual kidney GFR before and after intervention. The preoperative and postoperative total and single uGFRs were significantly lower than gGFRs, while the postoperative total and single renal function, along with relative renal function in the hydronephrotic kidneys, were also significantly higher than the preoperative results (p < 0.05). Among 30 infants, 23 cases exhibited substantial recovery of renal function in their hydronephrotic kidneys after surgery, 2 cases did not show significant improvement, while 5 cases continued to experience deterioration in renal function. The GFR measured using ROI from ultrasound technique provides a more accurate assessment of renal function changes before and after surgery in infants under one year old with congenital hydronephrosis, facilitating an effective evaluation of postoperative treatment efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate weighted Lebesgue space estimates for the Bergman projection on a simply connected planar domain via the domain's Riemann map. We extend the bounds which follow from a standard change-of-variable argument in two ways. First, we provide a regularity condition on the Riemann map, which turns out to be necessary in the case of uniform domains, in order to obtain the full range of weighted estimates for the Bergman projection for weights in a Békollè-Bonami-type class. Second, by slightly strengthening our condition on the Riemann map, we obtain the weighted weak-type (1,1) estimate as well. Our proofs draw on techniques from both conformal mapping and dyadic harmonic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the nuclear fusion technology field using the intellectual structure drawing technique. It is worth mentioning that the reason for focusing on this area, atomic fusion, is its peaceful applications and unlimited fuel to generate power. The proposed strategy in this paper includes all the keywords related to the research topic. VOS viewer and R Studio software were employed for data analysis. In addition, the principal research topics were extracted and classified using scientific maps. This analysis indicates the intellectual structure of the topic, which is grouped into four fundamental clusters using citation networks. This study additionally identifies emerging issues and future research directions implementing strategic diagrams. Another aspect of this study that reveals the intellectual foundation of the research is that it provides insights into the importance of crucial topics, institutions, and publications in terms of the field's focus and the results obtained from the analysis of the period 1991-2023. It informs that the conceptual evolution of nuclear fusion and its growth is proceeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing instruction in Ghanaian high school art education traditionally emphasizes observational and technical skills grounded in realism. However, contemporary drawing has evolved to prioritize innovative techniques, conceptual thinking, and process-oriented approaches. This phenomenological study aimed to understand Bolgatanga high school students' experiences learning contemporary drawing practices and their engagement with these methods. Data collected through interviews, reflections, and observations with 12 Bolgatanga high school students completing a contemporary drawing unit revealed initial discomfort yet excitement when departing from realism, pride in mastering unfamiliar techniques, deeper engagement through personal material and subject choices, and appreciation for expression over replication. Findings suggest contemporary drawing instruction enhances student engagement in art by shifting focus to experimentation, conceptual thinking, and meaningful self-expression. The study concludes with recommendations for high school art educators to introduce contemporary approaches effectively that engage students in diverse artistic possibilities of drawing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of contemporary architectural designs that feature inclined-form buildings continues to rise, propelled by advances in analytical and drawing techniques, material technology, and construction methods. When viewed from the outside, buildings that make a certain angle to the ground and whose floor plans are horizontally offset could be defined as inclined-form buildings. Although these buildings present unique design opportunities, they present considerable challenges. This study presents an overview of the geometric features and parameters that define inclined buildings, which explores their architectural merits and drawbacks. A thorough analysis of the impact of inclined forms on the structural system is conducted, which encompasses positive and negative effects. Various types of structural systems are exemplified by case studies that showcase buildings with inclined forms. This study delves into the challenges that are encountered during the design and construction of these buildings and scrutinizes the solutions that are devised and implemented by designers. The applicability and sustainability of inclined buildings are considered in compliance with contemporary regulations, which offer a comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, this study aims to provide valuable insights for architects, engineers, and contractors who are involved in the design and execution of inclined buildings, which examines the diverse aspects of their structural behavior and construction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface reconstruction determines the fate of catalytic sites on the near-surface during the oxygen evolution reaction. However, deciphering the conversion mechanism of various intermediate-states during surface reconstruction remains a challenge. Herein, we employed an optical imaging technique to draw the landscape of dynamic surface reconstruction on individual Co3O4 nanoparticles. By regulating the surface states of Co3O4 nanoparticles, we explored dynamic growth of the CoOx(OH)y sublayer on single Co3O4 nanoparticles and directly identified the conversion between two dynamics. Rich oxygen vacancies induced more active sites on the surface and prolonged surface reconstruction, which enhanced electrochemical redox and oxygen evolution. These results were further verified by in situ electrochemical extinction spectroscopy of single Co3O4 nanoparticles. We elucidate the heterogeneous evolution of surface reconstruction on individual Co3O4 nanoparticles and present a unique perspective to understand the fate of catalytic species on the nanosurface, which is of enduring significance for investigating the heterogeneity of multielectron-transfer events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 1526, Emperor Charles V decided to build a new Renaissance palace in addition to the Nasrid palaces in the Alhambra of Granada, a monumental site currently included in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World Heritage List. In that period, a large floor plan, which is preserved today at the Library of the Royal Palace of Madrid, was drawn to represent the building and its surroundings. Although this anonymous drawing has attracted considerable historiographic interest, a study of the graphical aspects analysed here, namely, paper assemblage, drawing technique, representation system, metrology, graphical scale, dimensioning, and labelling, is lacking. To accomplish this analysis, the original document was carefully examined and digitalised with high definition. This process allowed a comprehensive graphic analysis, utilising other drawings from the same period as a comparative reference and studying for the first time the major characteristics of one of the most relevant architectural drawings of the 16th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid crystal polymers (LCP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were in situ fibrillated to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/LCP/PTFE composites using a simple and scalable extrusion drawing techniques. The PET/LCP/PTFE composites included high-aspect-ratio PTFE fibrils and rod-like LCP fibrils. The simultaneous in situ fibrillation of LCP and PTFE exerted synergistic effects on crystalline behaviour and viscosity of PET, especially for mechanical properties of PET and its foam. The tensile strength of PET/LCP/PTFE composites and impact strength representing improvements of 34% and 62% over those of PET. The improved mechanical properties can be attributed to the simultaneous abundance of orienting rod-like rigid LCP fibrils and tangling flexible PTFE fibrils in the PET matrix, which contributed to stress transfer from matrix to fibrils. A simultaneously in situ fibrillated PET/LCP/PTFE composite foam was fabricated using a batch foaming system with supercritical CO2 as blowing agent. The cell diameter of this foam decreased by 23% over that of standard PET foam, while its cell density increased twofold. The smaller cell diameter of PET/LCP/PTFE foam and superior mechanical properties of PET matrix collectively led to the good mechanical properties of PET/LCP/PTFE foam. Specifically, the compressive strength of the PET/LCP/PTFE foam represents a 35% increase over that of PET foam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted at Mie Gacoan Mayang, the aim of this research was to determine strategic management in facing business competition. The research carried out was a qualitative descriptive approach. The object of this research is Mie Gacoan Mayang. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation, the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation, the data sources used are primary data and secondary data, and data analysis consists of inductive techniques, deductive techniques and drawing conclusions. The research results obtained regarding Marketing Excellence Strategy Management Analysis, where the marketing excellence strategy is carried out by providing quality products at affordable prices in accordance with the quality of the product in attracting and retaining consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of soft electronics and soft fiber devices has significantly advanced flexible and wearable technology. However, they still face the risk of damage when exposed to sharp objects in real‐life applications. Taking inspiration from nature, self‐healable materials that can restore their physical properties after external damage offer a solution to this problem. Nevertheless, large‐scale production of self‐healable fibers is currently constrained. To address this limitation, this study leverages the thermal drawing technique to create elastic and stretchable self‐healable thermoplastic polyurethane (STPU) fibers, enabling cost‐effective mass production of such functional fibers. Furthermore, despite substantial research into the mechanisms of self‐healable materials, quantifying their healing speed and time poses a persistent challenge. Thus, transmission spectra are employed as a monitoring tool to observe the real‐time self‐healing process, facilitating an in‐depth investigation into the healing kinetics and efficiency. The versatility of the fabricated self‐healable fiber extends to its ability to be doped with a wide range of functional materials, including dye molecules and magnetic microparticles, which enables modular assembly to develop distributed strain sensors and soft actuators. These achievements highlight the potential applications of self‐healable fibers that seamlessly integrate with daily lives and open up new possibilities in various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal trees are trees that evolve over a discrete set of time steps. Each time step is associated with a node‐weighted rooted tree and consecutive trees change by adding new nodes, removing nodes, splitting nodes, merging nodes, and changing node weights. Recently, two‐dimensional visualizations of temporal trees called temporal treemaps have been proposed, representing the temporal dimension on the x‐axis, and visualizing the tree modifications over time as temporal edges of varying thickness. The tree hierarchy at each time step is depicted as a vertical, one‐dimensional nesting relationships, similarly to standard, non‐temporal treemaps. Naturally, temporal edges can cross in the visualization, decreasing readability. Heuristics were proposed to minimize such crossings in the literature, but a formal characterization and minimization of crossings in temporal treemaps was left open. In this paper, we propose two variants of defining crossings in temporal treemaps that can be combinatorially characterized. For each variant, we propose an exact optimization algorithm based on integer linear programming and heuristics based on graph drawing techniques. In an extensive experimental evaluation, we show that on the one hand the exact algorithms reduce the number of crossings by a factor of 20 on average compared to the previous algorithms. On the other hand, our new heuristics are faster by a factor of more than 100 and still reduce the number of crossings by a factor of almost three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid graph representations combine two or more network visualization techniques in a unique drawing, simultaneously leveraging their strong traits. Since their introduction in the early 2000s, hybrid representations have gained significant research interest, with the introduction of new techniques and comparative user studies. However, all this research has not considered dynamic graphs. In this paper, we investigate hybrid graph representations in a dynamic network context and present DynTrix. Our system uses the NodeTrix representation as a basis, but the research extends this representation to the dynamic network domain. DynTrix supports automatic or manually created clusters/matrices across time. Drawing stability is implemented through aggregation and users can rearrange the nodes/matrix positions and pin them. DynTrix visualizes the temporal dynamics of the network through a combination of movement and element highlighting. We also introduce the concept of volatility, that allows the identification of actors in the network that are the most volatile. Matrices can be ordered such that stable cores gravitate towards the centre of the matrix. We integrate this technique in a visual analytics application for the exploration of offline dynamic networks and evaluate our system through case studies and qualitative expert interviews. Experts agree on the capabilities of the system, noting its potential for the analysis of dynamic networks through hybrid representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can religious devotion make you happier and satisfied? It is a question that has plagued economists for a long time and despite that religion could add a significant meaning to individuals' lives, such as by giving hope through thick and thin. This study aims to present the analysis by using the latest data of wave 7 from World Value Survey while determining if happiness, the ultimate desire and goal, are an outcome of religiosity. By using SEM Maximum likelihood technique we draw the conclusion that religiosity has a positive and significant role in fostering happiness of individuals. Along with religiosity, other social variables including financial situation, victim of crime, health status and living as a couple were also added. All these variables have a positive and significant role in increasing level of happiness except whether the person is a victim of crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on techniques more commonly used to study changes within families over time, this paper highlights how holistic life course methods can help scholars conceptualize the dynamic nature of local built environments and measure impacts for families and communities. I use a novel dataset on the historical availability of banks, credit unions, and alternative financial services (AFS) between 2003 and 2015 to classify neighborhoods by their financial service trajectories using sequence and cluster analyses. I identify six distinct trajectories of financial service availability over the 13-year period; neighborhoods in these trajectories differ in terms of their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Descriptive multivariate analyses confirm that trajectories are linked to community outcomes at the end of the period; tracts exposed to AFS at some point over the 13 years are associated with higher predicted end-of-period poverty rates compared to both tracts that are only exposed to banks and credit unions and tracts that are chronic financial service deserts. Extensions of this approach to other aspects of the built environment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement in living standards and growing appreciation for flaxseed's nutritional value, global demand for flaxseed and its economic significance are continuously increasing. As a major flaxseed producer and exporter, China plays a crucial role in the development of its agricultural economy. Flaxseed, one of China's five key oil crops, is renowned for its rich nutritional content. This study employed a literature review to systematically examine the research status of key flaxseed dehulling technologies in China. It explored the characteristics, efficiencies, and quality differences among various dehulling methods, while also drawing on advanced techniques, such as chemical and ultrasonic dehulling, to provide new perspectives and theoretical support for flaxseed dehulling. Comprehensive analysis revealed that mechanical dehulling (the impact method and rolling and rubbing method) is the primary method used in China. The study also identified the issues in current flaxseed dehulling research in China and offers suggestions to guide future improvements and innovations in flaxseed processing, aiming to enhance the quality and nutritional value of flaxseed to meet diverse market demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to embrace unstructured approaches to explore holistically the way in which people conceive places has been underscored by many researchers. Yet, few attempts have drawn from an arts-based method such as the drawing technique. This paper, therefore, presents the way drawings were used to explore Austrian past visitors' and non-visitors' images of Singapore. Content analysis of rich and idiosyncratic drawings revealed clear images differences between past visitors and non-visitors. Past visitors could better identify and represent features of Singapore's tangible and intangible heritage than non-visitors. Overall, Singapore is conceived as a modern, urbanized and disciplined destination that primarily offers conspicuous consumptive experiences. The value of the drawing technique to identify a destination's attributes and to bring out participants' subjectivities is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosive development of shared bicycles has changed the way people travel. In parallel with the urbanization process, shared bicycles have emerged as a significant mode of transportation, especially for the first and last mile transit. With the aim of obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns underlying shared bicycle usage, this study takes Shenzhen, China as a case study. Drawing on the principles and techniques of complex network analysis, the research adopts a spatial grid framework, treating each grid as a node, the flow of shared bicycles as an edge, and the flow frequency as the corresponding weight. Subsequently, the spatiotemporal interaction networks of different periods of working days and weekends are constructed respectively, based on which the topological characteristics are analysed. The results show that the spatiotemporal interaction networks exhibit high regional connectivity and node interdependence, suggesting the presence of a small-world phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This Futures focussed paper shares my creative response to a reflexive ricochet of being researcher, to unexpectedly becoming the researched and back again. I am currently using phenomenologically art-led and heuristic research methods to explore the implications of the Futures Senses in tertiary career education. The field of career theory is holistic and multidisciplinary. It draws from psychological, sociological and cultural fields to contextualise human action across the lifespan. Therefore, I work with people in transition and anticipation. This paper emerged from my immersion in the Futures Sense of Yearning and the moment I recognised the futures sense of Yearning in myself. This unexpected epiphany initiated a reflexive response as spectator of, and traveller on, my own transitional and anticipatory experience which was hovering in the spaces between the inner and outer self. Using a Jungian spontaneous drawing technique I set to give voice to what Jung noted as the '... two worlds: the world of the external perception and the world of the perception of the unconscious...'. This process revealed latent embodied knowing that surfaced through dialogue with the artwork. The layered emergent data of the artwork is analysed using a Causal Layered Analysis (CLA). The CLA invites diverse and layered perspectives of the subject of inquiry by examining it from the perspectives of litany, systems, worldviews and metaphor. Inayatullah uses an iceberg analogy, to illustrate the layers of an inquiry that are simultaneously exposed and discrete; known, unknown and 're-known'. Thus, a CLA of self is used, to reveal the 'iceburg in the room', with intention to explicate the meaning of the personal, as it relates to the collective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on interaction across and between the physical/digital divide. We use blending theory to design for these situations, otherwise known as conceptual integration. Initially, this paper offers a discussion of the literature around blends. From this literature, we applied Benyon's (Benyon, 2014) proposition of conceptual integration in mixed reality spaces (Blended Spaces) to consider interactions with the digital that complement the physical. We investigated blended spaces in partnership with undergraduate students during a live theatre festival. Our collaborators designed applications that applied blending principles, employing techniques drawn from speculative design. Outputs consist of speculative, narrative storyboards that use data gathered directly from stakeholder interviews and over 380 festival visitors. Our work led us to propose reworking Blended Spaces into a model that novice designers could easily conceive and apply. The work we conducted highlighted the need to consider user transitions from physical to digital and back again and highlighted the experiential nature of this type of interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead Halide Perovskites (LHPs) have garnered great attention in recent times due to their astonishing properties that range from direct tunable bandgaps, strong light absorption, defect resistance and the easily accessible synthesis of high‐quality crystals and films. These materials find application in multitudinous fields including photovoltaics, optoelectronics, lasers, catalysis and in the emerging field of spintronics. Though they show exceptional optoelectronic properties with enhanced applications, the instability of LHPs act as a main downside when it comes to real world applications. Integrating complementary materials to LHPs that form composites with better stability along with improved performance have started to gain traction. These composites and heterostructures incorporating functional materials with LHPs have made the utilization of perovskites in everyday life more feasible. The existing synthetic strategies for heterostructure and composites heavily draw from the techniques used for halide perovskite synthesis. These methods often under‐utilize the potential of exploring the synergy of materials interaction. This review explores the synthesis methods followed to produce these hybrid materials focusing on the improvements required in terms of fundamental studies and their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between real and fictional letters in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has been the source of much critical debate. Disagreement surrounds the extent to which the increasingly popular genre of the epistolary novel drew on the practices and techniques of actual correspondence. On the one hand are those who see epistolary fiction as developing out of real‐life letters, with some literary‐stylistic additions. On the other hand are those who reject this teleological approach in favour of one that emphasizes the functional versatility of the letter in the period, and the difficulty, if not impossibility, of drawing a distinction between its real and fictional incarnations. This relationship between real correspondence and epistolary fiction is brought into sharp focus by the genre of the letter‐writing manual, which rose sharply in popularity from the last two decades of the seventeenth century onwards. Concentrating on John Hill's The Young Secretary's Guide (1689), Thomas Goodman's The Experience's Secretary (1699), and G. F.'s The Secretary's Guide (1705), in particular, in this article, I suggest that the style of the letter‐writing manual from this period can, with caution, be compared with that of the epistolary novel. I pay particular attention to the ways in which letters in these manuals respond to and quote from each other and the often subtle ways in which they thus incorporate different voices. This polyvocality is taken further in Samuel Richardson's manual Familiar Letters (1741), which, as is well known, provided the raw material for his first novel Pamela; or Virtue Rewarded (1741). I demonstrate that some of the stylistic techniques which would prove crucial to the great epistolary novels of the later eighteenth century, including Richardson's, can be found, at least in embryonic form, in the letter‐writing manuals of the Restoration period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In advanced integrated circuit manufacturing, the quality of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a key factor affecting chip performance and yield. Designers need to use CMP simulation tools to locate and analyze the defects in the layout after the CMP process. However, the advancement of process nodes and the increase in data volume presents a great challenge to the speed of graphical display of CMP simulation data. To solve this issue, we propose a solution that uses multi-threading technology to optimize both data reading and drawing. In the process of data reading, we employ OpenMP and memory mapping (Mmap) technology to achieve parallel reading of file segmentation and propose a fast-string conversion algorithm based on the properties of simulation data. In the process of data drawing, we propose an adaptive downsampling method for data graphical display that combines multi-threading and double buffering technology to enable the parallel drawing of layouts. The effectiveness of this method is verified by testing CMP simulation data of various scales. Compared to traditional methods, this approach improves reading efficiency by over 8 times and drawing efficiency by more than 10 times. Furthermore, it enhances the smoothness of interaction with the CMP simulation tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of improvised or apparently improvised preludes has been widely documented over the centuries. Harpists of the late 18th and early 19th centuries were widely expected to introduce pieces of music with improvised preludes. This article shows how harpists drew techniques from thoroughbass treatises and keyboard repertory. Harpists also created their own idiosyncratic features for preludes, using the idiomatic characteristics of their instrument (refined arpeggios, hand-crossings, harmonic sounds) while using the harp's pedals to expand the harmonic and chromatic palette of the repertory. The article also shows how formulaic figuration and harmonic patterns were used as building blocks for improvised and composed preludes, and as elements in the education of harpists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new teaching-learning technique for drawing and identifying several members of an important family of parametric curves based on educational robotics supported by dynamic geometry software. Epitrochoid curves are essential in teaching first-year computer science and engineering students mathematics. From a methodological point of view, these are usually attractive and aesthetic curves suitable to capture students' interest and give first-hand experiences and activities. To implement a new STEAM-based learning method in this field, we created a drawing LEGO robot to visualise the epitrochoid curves and improved a virtual Epitrochoid Tracker with the Desmos graphing calculator to check the parametric equations for the drawn curve. The paper focuses on the two pillars of the developed STEAM-based learning method and their pedagogical aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A generalised song is a means of drawing parallels between words and music. The parallels are encoded in a mathematical structure, which is interpreted in a verbal structure and a musical structure. Here we develop a number of new techniques for drawing such parallels, in giving two examples of generalised songs, 'Relation', and 'Merge/Split'. The first five partials of a note played on a piano are roughly 0, 12, 19, 24, 28 semitones above the fundamental.'Relation' is a generalised song, whose musical part is played on a piano, constructed from the mathematical relation 4.28 = 3.12 + 4.19. 'Merge/Split' is a generalised song whose mathematical part consists of the mathematical operations of merging and splitting, the braid relation, and coassociativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an innovative method for approximating solutions to the variational inequality and fixed-point problems. The proposed approach deviates from traditional methods by employing different conditions and techniques drawn from [18] [20] [21]. Uniquely, our work circumvents the utilization of a commonly used lemma (see [10]) that forms the basis for most proofs related to strong convergence theorems. As part of our investigation, we provide a comprehensive numerical example to substantiate our findings, thus enhancing the practical relevance and applicability of our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) imaging techniques have drawn increasing attention for their ability to recover hidden objects that are not visible in observed images. These methods only rely on indirect reflections from the scene surface without the need for expensive measurement equipment or complex measurement processes, in contrast to active NLOS imaging techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel unrolling network based on matrix factorization, which can jointly recover hidden video and light transport matrix. The network has multiple stages, each stage is equivalent to an optimized iteration of matrix factorization. We adopt spatial-variant convolution and neural representation of the light transport matrix in the network, resulting in higher efficiency. To evaluate the proposed method, we compare it with the state-of-the-art hidden video recovery methods on three public datasets. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that our network outperforms the compared method in terms of robustness and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of imaging has transformed the study of cultural heritage artefacts in the same way that medical imaging has transformed medicine. X-ray-based techniques are common in both medical and heritage imaging. Optical imaging, including scientific photography and spectral imaging techniques, is also common in both domains. Some common medical imaging methods such as ultrasound and MRI have not yet found routine application in heritage, whereas other methods such as imaging with charged and uncharged particles and 3D surface imaging are more common in heritage. Here, we review the field of heritage imaging from the point of view of medical imaging and include some classic challenges of heritage imaging such as reading the text on burnt scrolls, identifying underdrawings in paintings, and CT scanning of mummies, an ancient calculating device and sealed documents. We show how hyperspectral imaging can offer insight into the drawing techniques of Leonardo da Vinci and explain how laparoscopy has identified the method of construction of a 500-year-old pop-up anatomical text book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that the historically Black Hampton Institute (1868) and the Carlisle Indian Industrial School (1879) are crucial sites to investigate how US political, territorial, and economic conquest were sutured to the project of emancipation after the Civil War. Rather than focusing on these schools' manual education, I turn to their newspapers, the Southern Workman and Indian Helper , to demonstrate how they developed techniques of discursive representation, rooted in Black fungibility, that made racial subjection appear as racial emancipation in the postbellum period. These newspapers were framed as both tool and evidence of students' subjective transformation. Instead of providing authentic evidence of Black and Native transformation, however, they provide a glimpse into how Hampton's and Carlisle's representations of racial emancipation drew on discursive techniques created in the material and symbolic violence of transatlantic slavery's Middle Passage. The essay concludes by demonstrating how a trio of boarding school stories (1900) by the Yankton Sioux author Zitkala-Ša provides a nascent critique of the ways in which Indian boarding schools produced Native fungibility as a technique of white domination in the context of postbellum US imperialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes Chinese resultative compounds as a concrete case to investigate how the theory of antisymmetry (Kayne 1994, 2022) can be applied in the study of word formation. Drawing on the insights and techniques of the syntax of word formation, in particular Morphological Merger from Distributed Morphology (Marantz 1988; Embick and Noyer 2001), we demonstrate that the formation of the Chinese resultative compound involves operations both in narrow syntax and at the level phonological form (PF): the former involves conflation, which has to obey the left-adjunction requirement imposed by Linear Correspondence Axiom (LCA), while the latter is a variety of Morphological Merger, the Local Dislocation Merger, that occurs at or after lexical insertion, thus being immune to LCA restriction. This study emphasizes the importance of being careful about the internal mechanism of word formation, which might either be subjected or immune to LCA restriction depending on whether the combination of the morphemes occurs in narrow syntax or at PF. This paper also argues that conflation can constitute a dimension of parametric variation, which is used to explain the difference between Chinese and English resultatives in terms of the subject-manner verb thematic relationship. Additionally, a micro parameter concerning the phonological requirement of functional features in Chinese is proposed, addressing issues such as the obligatory head movement of the secondary predicate in Chinese and the necessity of a manner verb (to form a resultative compound) to causativize an otherwise unaccusative verb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first chapter of De architectura book 3, Vitruvius famously expounds upon the theory of proportionality, ultimately crafting the analogy of the human body as a composition of ideal ratios. In this exposition, the architect repeatedly makes use of technical jargon, implementing terms found nowhere else within the Latin literary corpus. Amidst this series of rare Latin vocabulary, however, Vitruvius also includes a striking twenty-seven Greek borrowings—of which twelve are novel terms not found in the corpus before this passage, and seven are terms not found again. While many of these Grecisms are explicated by Vitruvius through the use of subordinate clauses or apposition, the very existence of Latin equivalents and the resultant redundancy of terms renders Vitruvius' linguistic vacillation strictly unnecessary and rather obfuscating in effect. After all, why borrow a term that requires definition when a corollary already exists within one's primary, 'matrix' language? Likewise, once one has committed to adopting a second language of technical vocabulary, why bother translating? Other, similar lexical borrowings are evident throughout De architectura , yet the opening of book 3 offers a unique opportunity to analyze Vitruvius' method of code-switching in close detail, revealing how the author uses the technique to draw attention both to the technicality of his art and to the Greek tradition evoked by these words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shape of a nozzle wall influences the phenomena associated with the behaviour of the fluid movement within the flow field mathematically described by the Navier—Stokes equations. This article studies different drawing techniques for the aerodynamic tracing of the wall contour searched by Vitoshinsky, Bell, Metha and Sivells. To the system of equations of the design models are added the math formulas that define Sauer's method for redesigning the length of the converging section modifying simultaneously the contour sketches. The aim is to obtain a better distribution of the physical properties and to avoid excessive pressure in a limited space that could affect the internal structure of the wall. Numerical methods are used to visualize the features of the wave propagation, boundary layer separation and flow separation pattern to survey the appearance of the stream generated within the geometric profile of the wall and the ejected flow. A computational analysis is developed to make a comprehensive assessment of different chosen wall contours, including an optimized wall shape using genetic algorithms through a process to find maximum and minimum values of the cross-sectional area to change the wall layout. The selection carries out based on design parameters with variable area contraction ratio (from low to high) in the convergent section for being simulated in a boundary condition with a low-pressure ratio (NPR). Experimental data from Hunter's research are used for validation of the results for a J2-type aerospace nozzle operating at an NPR of 3.413. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbiome engineering offers the potential to leverage microbial communities to improve outcomes in human health, agriculture, and climate. To translate this potential into reality, it is crucial to reliably predict community composition and function. But a brute force approach to cataloging community function is hindered by the combinatorial explosion in the number of ways we can combine microbial species. An alternative is to parameterize microbial community outcomes using simplified, mechanistic models, and then extrapolate these models beyond where we have sampled. But these approaches remain data-hungry, as well as requiring an a priori specification of what kinds of mechanisms are included and which are omitted. Here, we resolve both issues by introducing a mechanism-agnostic approach to predicting microbial community compositions and functions using limited data. The critical step is the identification of a sparse representation of the community landscape. We then leverage this sparsity to predict community compositions and functions, drawing from techniques in compressive sensing. We validate this approach on in silico community data, generated from a theoretical model. By sampling just 1% of all possible communities, we accurately predict community compositions out of sample. We then demonstrate the real-world application of our approach by applying it to four experimental datasets and showing that we can recover interpretable, accurate predictions on composition and community function from highly limited data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feeling is difficult to put into words. Anthropologists have been seeking ways to articulate feeling or other bodily experiences, looking beyond words and borrowing from artistic methods. Drawings, for instance, have been used to make visible what words cannot describe and attributed with qualities associated with feeling or the body. Instead of placing drawing in opposition to words, and words in opposition to bodies, this article presents different ways of using drawing as an ethnographic technique to tentatively find practice-specific words to articulate practices of feeling the body. Rather than evaluating drawings based on their ability to capture feeling bodies, the author reflects on the drawing process as a way to learn about her research subjects in unexpected ways. Thereby, the author learns from artistic practices, not about making drawings, but about making methods. Acknowledging that methodologies are always generative, the author dives into the making of her methodologies to learn about her research subjects.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arthur Voegtlin (1858–1948) designed and oversaw the construction and painting of all the major sets for the New York Hippodrome's first season, from an archway formed by two rearing dragons in the courtyard of a Martian king to the grounds of a military academy at the start of the American Civil War. In this essay, I consider the ways that Voegtlin's sets navigated the distance between fantasy and verisimilitude, bringing together his experience painting sets for immersive, spectacular works with his training as a scene painter for the realistic interiors of the legitimate theatre's comedies and dramas. Voegtlin drew on those techniques to establish the mise en scène of realistic spectacle for which the New York Hippodrome became known. Voegtlin's appeals to photographic accuracy, acute awareness about how he needed to account for the size and scale of the space for which he was designing, and sense of the audience member's embodiment (particularly in relation to that of an amusement park spectator and a viewer of modern paintings) all demonstrate how Voegtlin saw his set designs at the Hippodrome as an extension of the dramatic principles he embraced throughout this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Teaching From the Inside Out" discusses the importance of mindfulness and self-awareness in teaching. It emphasizes the value of recognizing and managing stressors to be more present with students. The text offers practical mindfulness activities and techniques, such as conscious breathing and playful imagery, to help teachers navigate challenging emotions and situations. By teaching from a place of inner wisdom and deliberate intent, educators can authentically connect with their students and colleagues. [Extracted from the article]

A common challenge in regression is that for many problems, the degrees of freedom required for a high‐quality solution also allows for overfitting. Regularization is a class of strategies that seek to restrict the range of possible solutions so as to discourage overfitting while still enabling good solutions, and different regularization strategies impose different types of restrictions. In this paper, we present a multilevel regularization strategy that constructs and trains a hierarchy of neural networks, each of which has layers that are wider versions of the previous network's layers. We draw intuition and techniques from the field of Algebraic Multigrid (AMG), traditionally used for solving linear and nonlinear systems of equations, and specifically adapt the Full Approximation Scheme (FAS) for nonlinear systems of equations to the problem of deep learning. Training through V‐cycles then encourage the neural networks to build a hierarchical understanding of the problem. We refer to this approach as multilevel‐in‐width to distinguish from prior multilevel works which hierarchically alter the depth of neural networks. The resulting approach is a highly flexible framework that can be applied to a variety of layer types, which we demonstrate with both fully connected and convolutional layers. We experimentally show with PDE regression problems that our multilevel training approach is an effective regularizer, improving the generalize performance of the neural networks studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world of synthesizers and synthesists is historically male-dominated. Women in synthesis tend to be obscured by males, and their contribution suffers from erasure. This article considers Suzanne Ciani within the contexts of art, technology, science and culture and her work in composition, performance and media. In particular, her National Endowment for the Arts report of 1976 is a groundbreaking document detailing her composition and performance process using synthesizers. Her composition approach has parallels with techniques drawn from serialism, performed and improvised live using machines. Her performances utilize quadraphonic techniques for spatialized performance as part of the composition and performance. She was the first woman to score a major Hollywood film in 1981. Her work in media and technology highlights a space that women have always worked in but have frequently not been acknowledged as doing so. Ciani's story reveals tenacity in the face of bias and rejection. It is a tale of someone who always has to claim her credentials, always legitimate her mode of expression, and always counter the assumption that somewhere in her work, there is a man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity is now accepted as a core 21st-century competency and is increasingly an explicit part of school curricula around the world. Therefore, the ability to assess creativity for both formative and summative purposes is vital. However, the fitness-for-purpose of creativity tests has recently come under scrutiny. Current creativity assessments have up to five key weaknesses that create a barrier to their widespread use in educational settings. These are: (a) A lack of domain/subject specificity; (b) Inconsistency, leading to a lack of trust; (c) A lack of authenticity in classroom settings; (d) Slowness (in providing useful results); (e) High cost to administer. The aim of the present study is to explore the feasibility of the automated assessment of mathematical creativity, drawing on tools and techniques from the field of natural language processing, as a means to address these weaknesses. This paper describes the performance of a machine learning algorithm, relative to human judges, demonstrating the practicality of automated creativity assessment for large-scale, school-based assessments. The importance of creativity is recognized in education systems globally. The ability to assess creativity, for both formative and summative purposes, is therefore vital. However, the quality of creativity tests (their validity and reliability) tends to come at a cost. In simple terms, the better the creativity test, the greater the effort, and therefore cost, required to deliver and score that test. The aim of the present study is to explore the feasibility of the automated assessment of mathematical creativity, drawing on tools and techniques from the field of natural language processing. This paper describes how a machine learning algorithm assesses mathematical creativity and compares this to human judges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]