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This study explores the relationship between the governance of architecturally embedded applications and their longevity in organizational use. Using a contingency-fit logic, it posits that alignment between application governance (distribution of decision rights) and architectural contingencies contributes to sustained durations of organizational use. Architectural contingencies include internal application modularity, application inter-connectedness, and governance of surrounding application clusters. Evidence for the governance-architecture fit hypothesis is derived from analyzing temporally ordered data about applications (n = 225, n = 498, n = 193) from organizations in the media, banking, and utilities sectors over five years. Using a two-step approach with ordinal regression, along with Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models, our findings indicate that a fit between observed governance and the governance induced by architectural contingencies reduces the likelihood of application decommissioning. The study advances the fields of information systems (IS) governance and architecture by offering a micro-level perspective on the longevity of organizational IS use while also shedding light on the importance of governance choices aligned with unique architectural application properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fit-for-purpose land administration (FFPLA) approaches offer a solution to the lack of land governance strategies in the Global South, emphasizing flexibility, inclusivity, and scalability. However, FFPLA projects primarily focus on establishing land administration systems, with less attention given to ensuring their sustainability, ongoing maintenance and scale up. This study analyzes the evolution of the land and property registry in Bosaso, Somalia, utilizing the Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA) to guide the assessment. Findings reveal that challenges remain in maintaining, expanding and upgrading land information management systems from their initial purpose to broader land-related services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Port construction and operations significantly impact the surrounding environment, creating an urgent need to explore pathways for enhancing port sustainability. Public environmental concern plays a vital role in driving environmental governance and offers new directions for improving port sustainability. Using panel data from 44 coastal ports and their respective cities between 2010 and 2021, this study empirically analyzes the impact of public environmental concern on port sustainability and its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we examine how this impact varies across different city samples. The baseline regression results demonstrate that public environmental concern has a significant positive impact on port sustainability. This finding remains robust after a series of robustness checks and addressing endogeneity issues. Mechanism analysis reveals that public environmental concern can enhance port sustainability by increasing local government environmental investments. Furthermore, the development of digital infrastructure can amplify the positive effect of public environmental concern on port sustainability. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive impact of public environmental concern on port sustainability is stronger in cities with lower government environmental regulation intensity, lower pollution emissions, higher education levels, and greater transparency in environmental information disclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation has become a crucial strategic decision for enterprises to strengthen international competitiveness and achieve sustainable development. This study aims to investigate the impact of digital transformation on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) performance and the conditions that influence this relationship using the ordinary least-squares regression estimation method and the data of Chinese A-share listed enterprises. The results show that digital transformation improves OFDI performance. The mechanism analysis verifies that digital transformation enhances OFDI performance by promoting corporate reputation and innovation. The moderating analysis demonstrates that the host country's digital infrastructure negatively moderates the positive relationship between digital transformation and OFDI performance, while diplomatic relations between home and host countries play a positive moderating role. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that state-owned, labor-intensive, and technology-intensive enterprises and enterprises investing in non-Belt-and-Road countries benefit more from digital transformation to promote OFDI performance. This study extends the OFDI theory of emerging market enterprises in the context of digital transformation and provide practical implications for improving the OFDI performance of multinational enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation and development of new quality productivity of agriculture can effectively promote agricultural sustainability and modernization. In order to explore the multiple paths of the formation of new quality productivity of agriculture, using the panel data of 30 provincial levels in China from 2012 to 2021, based on the "technology-organization-environment" framework and dynamic QCA method, this paper explores how seven factors such as agricultural technology innovation, digital infrastructure, innovation policy support, the formation of e-commerce industry, marketization level, green finance, and rural culture modernization interact to promote the formation of new quality productivity of agriculture. The findings reveal that none of the above seven factors can promote the formation of new quality productivity of agriculture, and agricultural technological innovation and digital infrastructure are becoming more and more important to the formation of new quality productivity of agriculture over time. The high new quality productivity of agriculture formation models can be categorized into four types: TOE empowers new business model development-driven, government–market–culture triple-driven, market-oriented efficient transformation of technological achievements-driven, and deep integration of agricultural technological innovation and emerging agricultural business models-driven. The configurational results exhibit significant regional effects, with diverse pathways for the formation of new quality productivity of agriculture across different provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on intermediation in cultural production in a digital ecology consisting of multiple platforms mediating simultaneously converging and diverging industries, this study critically engages with the thesis that platforms act primarily as a disintermediation vector in a linear value chain within a single industry. With two empirical cases of intermediation in the emerging virtual celebrity sector – one organizing the recursive loop of prosumption, the other articulating authenticity against technological standardization and overproduction, the study shifts the focus away from questions of labor and agency of individual creators and unpacks the conditions of intermediation in the context of new industrial models of value creation, commodification, and division of labor. The empirical cases demonstrate that the implications of platforms for digital cultural production are paradoxical – while their business models lead to a centralized process of value capture, their flexible organizational forms may afford new distributed patterns of value creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promise of remote patient monitoring (RPM) lies in its ability to revolutionize health care delivery by enabling continuous, real-time tracking of patient health outside traditional clinical settings. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of RPM, particularly in underserved and rural populations, highlighting both its potential and the persistent barriers that limit its widespread use. This paper explores the critical role of technological advancements—such as wearables, artificial intelligence (AI), and broadband expansion—in sustaining and optimizing RPM in the postpandemic era. We examine Michigan as a microcosm of national health care challenges, focusing on its diverse population and geographic barriers, and propose condition-specific RPM protocols to address these inequities. Key facilitators and barriers to RPM implementation are discussed, with a focus on AI integration, community engagement, and digital infrastructure. We also explore the role of policy reform and public–private partnerships in supporting RPM's scalability and long-term sustainability. Our findings suggest that while RPM offers a powerful tool for improving health care access and outcomes, especially for chronic conditions and rural maternal health, sustained investment in technology and infrastructure is critical. By addressing these challenges, RPM can become a cornerstone of modern health care, reducing disparities and improving care delivery for underserved populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitation in education, where online platforms play a central role, has changed teaching and learning scenarios. In addition, it has brought an unprecedented array of public and private actors into the educational arena who provide schools with technological solutions for redesigning learning environments and practices. Though the arena is dominated by EdTech companies, non‐profit initiatives are not entirely absent. After a brief introduction to the main issues relating to the spread of educational platforms, this article will present a rare case of a non‐commercial educational platform developed, implemented and managed in complete autonomy by a community of university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the contingency effect of infrastructure (disaggregated into physical and digital) in the relationship between foreign aid and inclusive growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We employ macro data for 41 SSA countries and the dynamic system GMM estimator for the empirical analysis. We find that (i) foreign aid promotes inclusive growth in SSA, (ii) whereas transport infrastructure enhances inclusive growth, energy infrastructure, sanitation infrastructure, and digital infrastructure are statistically insignificant, and (iii) only transport infrastructure amplifies the inclusive growth‐enhancing effect of foreign aid. Across the digital and physical infrastructure domains, we find that the contingency effect of the latter is rather remarkable. Our threshold analysis also indicates that for digital infrastructure and transport infrastructure to condition complementary policies to foster inclusive growth in SSA, minimum thresholds of 22% and 57.8% are required. We conclude that comprehensive transport infrastructural development is key if foreign aid is to enhance inclusive growth in SSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate whether public data influences corporate employment. Our identification scheme treats the launch of Chinese public data platforms as a quasi-natural experiment and then conducts a difference-in-differences estimation. The results show that firms have hired more employees after opening public data platforms in the provinces where their offices are located, especially for companies in the mature stage, service industry companies, and companies located in regions with more advanced digital infrastructure and more developed financial system. Mechanism tests show that public data platform openness plays a role in corporate employment through the production scale expansion effect, the business scope expansion effect, and the digital asset investment effect. In addition, examining the two dimensions of data quality and platform construction quality, we find that the quality of public data openness has a significant effect on corporate employment. Our findings provide evidence for Chinese government to promote the openness of public data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian state has been steadily increasing its focus on and use of digital technologies. This article argues that if digitisation is to continue and accelerate, certain other aspects of digitisation require greater scrutiny. To begin with, for digitisation to be meaningful to citizens, it is necessary to consider them not only as data points but as participants. This requires improved access to the internet. In order to do so, it is incumbent upon the Indian state to enhance digital infrastructure. However, this infrastructure cannot be narrowly conceived. There are material, educational, and legislative interventions that make digital infrastructure meaningful, accessible and non-extractive. This article raises two questions: should access to the internet be considered a basic right? And, if feasible, what would such a policy entail? This article attempts to shed light on India's digital divide, look at the direction in which public–private relations are headed in an increasingly digital India and discuss the benefits of considering digital infrastructure—rather than the internet itself—as a public good rather than a private commodity. Such infrastructure includes laws and policies that protect and empower citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: The rapid digital transformation in the European Union has highlighted the increasing importance of the digital economy in shaping national competitiveness. Recent studies underline the relevance of innovation, human capital, and digital infrastructure as critical factors driving digitalisation. Despite extensive literature on digital economy development, there is a gap in understanding the specific determinants that influence the digitalisation levels across EU member states. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between digital infrastructure, human capital, and innovation in fostering digital growth, using the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) as key indicators. Aim: The aim of this research is to identify and quantify the key determinants influencing the development of the digital economy in the EU member states between 2017 and 2022. Specifically, the study investigates the impact of technological infrastructure, human capital, and intellectual assets on the digital economy. By employing multiple linear regression models, the research aims to clarify how these factors contribute to digital economy growth. Results: The analysis revealed that technological infrastructure and use of information technology are consistently the most significant determinants of digital economy development. Human capital, particularly in terms of education and digital skills, gained importance in the later years of the study. Intellectual assets, such as patents and research outputs, also played a critical role, particularly from 2021 onwards. The findings suggest that countries with robust digital infrastructure, well-educated workforces, and strong innovation ecosystems tend to perform better in terms of digitalisation, as measured by DESI. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers aiming to enhance digital competitiveness through targeted investments in technology, education, and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of Aadhaar and PAN card systems in Tamil Nadu marks a significant milestone in the digital transformation of welfare services. This study explores the economic implications, fraud risks, and privacy challenges associated with this integration, focusing on its impact on welfare delivery, citizen empowerment, and the broader socio-economic landscape. By linking Aadhaar and PAN, the government aims to streamline welfare disbursement, reduce administrative costs, and eliminate duplicate beneficiaries. This shift has facilitated targeted subsidies, enhanced financial inclusion, and improved access to welfare schemes, particularly for rural and marginalized populations. However, the digital transition also exposes critical vulnerabilities.The reliance on digital infrastructure heightens fraud risks like identity theft and phishing, eroding trust in systems and increasing the economic burden of fraud detection. Centralized data from Aadhaar-PAN integration ensures efficiency but raises privacy and surveillance concerns. The absence of robust data protection legislation exacerbates the threat of misuse, impacting citizens' willingness to engage with digital systems. This paper highlights the need for balanced policymaking to maximize the economic benefits of digital transformation while mitigating risks. Recommendations include strengthening cybersecurity measures, implementing comprehensive data protection laws, and enhancing public awareness of digital fraud. Addressing these challenges can foster trust in digital systems, ensuring that technological advancements in welfare delivery contribute to inclusive growth and economic resilience in Tamil Nadu. This research paper addresses pressing and highly significant issues within today's rapidly evolving and interconnected world, highlighting its strong relevance to the current global landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - The present study aims to develop a methodology that can be used to analyze the level of digitalization of the tourism sector in regions by using the private digitalization index for regions and comparing it with the threshold values criterion for regional differentiation through a group of digital infrastructure indicators through which the level of digitalization of regions can be evaluated and applied to the North Caucasus Federal District. Methodology - The work methodology is based on a descriptive and analytical approach to describing the phenomenon of the study's title and a literary approach based on the analysis of sources, literature, graphs, and statistics that examine issues related to the relationship between digitalization and tourism to develop a methodology for analyzing the level of digitization in the tourism sector in the North Caucasus Federal District. Findings - After comparing the results of the private digitalization index for regions with the threshold values of regional differentiation, it is clear that all regions of the North Caucasus Federal District fall into the second group (outsider regions) because all values of the private digitalization index for regions are less than 1.0. Novelty - The current study develops a methodology that can be used to analyze the level of digitization in the tourism sector in the regions in order to find out the current level of digitization in the regions in order to work on the development of digital technologies. Type of Paper - Empirical [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 283 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2021, this paper takes the pilot policy of "Broadband China" as a natural experiment to evaluate the impact of digital infrastructure construction on urban ecological welfare performance and its mechanism by using a progressive difference–difference model. The results show that China's digital infrastructure construction will significantly reduce the performance of urban ecological welfare. Through the analysis of input and output, it is found that the construction of digital infrastructure can significantly reduce resource consumption and increase welfare output, especially economic welfare, but at the level of environmental pollution, it will significantly increase the discharge of industrial wastewater, which may be the main reason for the negative effect of digital infrastructure construction. Through the group analysis, it is found that the overall negative impact of digital infrastructure construction on ecological welfare performance may be caused by the ecologically fragile western region and the unreasonable industrial structure. Through the adjustment model, it is found that innovation investment can positively regulate the negative impact of digital infrastructure on ecological welfare performance. The grey model (GM) is further used to forecast the data for 2022–2025, and it is found that while the negative impact of digital infrastructure is decreasing, it is still significant. This study provides empirical evidence for accurately understanding the effect and mechanism of digital infrastructure construction on ecological welfare performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital infrastructure has the potential to help achieve global carbon neutrality by promoting the use of renewable energy (RE) in economic operations. Therefore, it aids in the growth of a sustainable economy and society. Digital infrastructure and efficient budget allocation are the determinants of a modern and digital society. In this context, public debt plays an important role if it is invested in digital infrastructure projects. Taking this into account, we examine the relationship between carbon (CO2) emissions and digital infrastructure moderated by public debt in G20 countries for the period 2003–2021. The study employed advanced econometric techniques for panel data that are robust to solving the problem of cross-sectional dependency. As a result, cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) estimation technique was employed. The results indicate that digital infrastructure has a negative impact on CO2 emissions. Conversely, we find that public debt has a positive impact on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the study confirms that the interaction between digital infrastructure and public debt has a negative effect on CO2 emissions. This implies that public debt, if used in digital infrastructure projects, leads to a decrease in CO2 emissions. To reduce CO2 emissions, it is recommended that G20 nations give priority to upgrading digital infrastructure while maintaining a manageable level of public debt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The article presents a methodology for studying the essence of digital infrastructure as an element of national economy and a source of its technical and technological development. Understanding the essence of digital infrastructure involves analyzing its functions: organizing, generating, transforming. Theoretical analysis. Digital infrastructure as an element of the reproductive structure, moving within the framework of general trends in economic development, is considered as a condition for the vital activity of innovative entities, a sphere of knowledge and technology generation, a way of their transformation into the economic space where they are applied. The functional qualities that express the main thing in the content of digital infrastructure as an economic phenomenon are identified, a justification of its properties is given, an analysis of the digital infrastructure functions is carried out, the movement of capital value is considered, accompanied by a number of important economic processes: a change in capital forms; accumulation of technical and technological resources that provide major scientific and technological breakthroughs in the field of new materials, energy sources, production equipment, in the field of building a new technological basis for the country. Results. The transformative potential of digital infrastructure is revealed through the action of special lines of force – factors that influence the reproductive sphere at the main points of material production development, information space, social sphere, and exchange sphere, formed within the framework of separate but interconnected “factor fields”.

As the global political landscape keeps changing, digital development becomes even more important for the BRICS integration. The article describes the benefits of digitalizing the economic systems of the BRICS countries, as well as outlines the opportunities of strengthening their digital potential. The authors analyzed the current dynamics of the digital development in the BRICS countries and assessed the ability of digital technologies to compensate for the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the BRICS economy. They used a set of standard research methods combined with economic, statistical, and graphic analyses to identify the main integrative directions between the countries that may improve their digital potential. The pandemic widened the gap between Internet use in urban and rural areas but diversified it as e-commerce continued to grow and more and more public services went digital. China and India increased their exports of information and communication goods and services. The article contains some ideas on strengthening the intra-integration cooperation between the BRICS countries in order to expand their digital potential. The indicators of digital development in all BRICS countries increased after the pandemic, and the integration proved effective as a new center of influence in the global economy.

The years we are experiencing are often identified as those of the age of digital technologies, where “digital” is commonly associated with intelligence, efficiency, and convenience. The emergence of digital technologies has significantly impacted and transformed various aspects of our society compared to the past. In this panorama, some arising questions regard transportation infrastructure systems and, first of all, highway infrastructure. This research focuses on one central issue: how highways fit into this digital revolution. Actually, the work in this paper can be described as follows. Although there are many different theoretical model systems for the architecture of the digital twin, we have chosen to review the main body of research on the digital twin in highway infrastructure based on a relatively well-established modeling framework, the five-dimensional model of the digital twin. After discussing the components of the digital twin for highway infrastructure's five-dimensional model, the paper reviews some innovative technologies that make these items effective. In addition to this, the digital twin maturity level of highway infrastructure and the MBSE-based (model-based systems engineering) digital twin model for highway are also discussed in this paper. Therefore, the paper provides a bird's eye view of this extremely dynamic technology for a new system of intelligent highways and discusses some of their criticalities and strengths, allowing for the optimization and development of new transportation functions and services, improving the adaptability of highways to the digital revolution.

The subject of the article is the analysis of the current state of research and practice in the field of transport, logistics and digital infrastructures in the Russian Arctic. The authors consider logistic and digital infrastructures as key communication subsystems that ensure the movement of material values, people and information, and thus serve as a prerequisite for the development of the macro-region under consid-eration. The research methods used were literature review of scientific sources and analysis of the ob-tained material. A systematic literature mapping was carried out on Scopus, Google Scholar, Elibrary data-bases. Aspects of the Arctic region development, including the role of logistics and digital infrastructures in this process, are described by scientific schools of Russia, Canada, Norway, China, USA and other countries. The analysis has shown the highly variable state of the subsystems under consideration depending on the specific region, as well as the lack of a comprehensive approach to their joint development and integration. It was stated that there is no such problem statement about the development of communication subsystems of the Arctic zone. On the basis of the analysis, the key directions for the development of logistics and digital infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation were formulated. The authors’ recommendations, apart from the obvious tasks of developing sea routes, building and modernizing roads, railways and airports, expanding access to broadband internet and other widely discussed measures, describe the need to integrate the communication subsystems under consideration and focus on the potential of digital technologies to replace and/or supplement the logistics infrastructure in certain aspects.

Introduction: Agriculture faces significant challenges in ensuring global food security while minimizing resource costs and environmental impacts. The development of digital infrastructure offers transformative potential for agricultural systems and aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines the role of digital infrastructure in enhancing grain production capacity in China, a key player in the global food system. Methods: We analyzed data from 277 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2021. A double machine learning model was employed to empirically assess the impact of digital infrastructure on grain production capacity, allowing for robust insights into causal relationships. Results: Results reveal that digital infrastructure significantly enhances grain production. Mechanism analysis results indicate that digital infrastructure construction drives agricultural technological advancements and farmland scale, contributing to increased production capacity. Heterogeneity analysis results show that the impact of digital infrastructure construction is significant in major grain-producing regions and the central-eastern regions, while its effects are relatively limited in grain production-consumption balanced regions, main grain consumption regions, and the western regions. Discussion: The results underscore the importance of strengthening digital infrastructure in rural areas to improve grain production capacity. Tailored policy implications are suggested to enhance sustainable food production and contribute to global food security, particularly in regions with varying agricultural dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breakthrough green innovation acts as a critical leverage point and a fundamental driver of the development of new productive forces. This study employs a sample of 108 cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2021 to investigate the impact of digital infrastructure on urban breakthrough green innovation and its underlying mechanisms. The findings are as follows: (1) Digital infrastructure construction facilitates urban breakthrough green innovation, with a notably more substantial impact on strategic breakthrough green innovation. This result is validated through robustness and endogeneity tests. (2) Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the enhancement effect of digital infrastructure on breakthrough green innovation is more prominent in non-resource-based cities, cities with higher levels of marketisation, and those with weaker environmental regulations, with a particularly significant influence on substantive breakthrough green innovation. (3) Mechanism analysis reveals that upgrading industrial structures, optimising market resource allocation, and increasing public environmental awareness are critical mechanisms through which digital infrastructure strengthens urban breakthrough green innovation capacity. Additionally, as improvements occur in industrial structure, market resource allocation efficiency, and public environmental awareness, the impact of digital infrastructure on urban breakthrough green innovation capacity displays a nonlinear effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study fills a research gap by examining how tourist participation, well-being, eco-friendly engagement, and digital infrastructure affect tourism results. We assessed 3692 tourists in Jilin Province, China, using structural equation modeling. We found that tourist participation is directly associated with tourist well-being, and eco-friendly engagement positively mediates tourist participation and tourist well-being. Furthermore, digital infrastructure moderates tourist participation and tourist well-being. Key findings reveal that actively participating in tourism activities considerably increases visitor well-being. Furthermore, eco-friendly behaviors and digital infrastructure may improve tourist well-being and overall experience. These findings may influence many tourist features in the Jilin Province of China. Tourism management should first provide a range of fun and engaging activities to boost tourist well-being. Second, promoting sustainable practices protects the environment and improves visitors' quality of life. Third, digital infrastructure expenditures support these activities and enhance visitor pleasure. Policymakers should prioritize sustainable tourism. They should employ digital technologies to promote sustainability and improve services. Addressing these concerns may strengthen the country's economy, sustainable development, and tourism. This study enhances tourist well-being theory by adding eco-friendly interaction, digital infrastructure, and visitor participation. It illuminates the importance of technology, sustainability, and active involvement in producing enjoyable tourist experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the evolution of the authoritarian developmental state model in the digital era amid intensified global power dynamics, focusing empirically on China. It introduces the concept of the techno-developmental state to illustrate how this evolved state emphasizes digital technologies for both economic growth and social governance. I assert that this evolution is driven by the state's enhanced capacity to foster high-tech industries amid heightened competition among major powers, alongside bolstered social governance through advanced digital tools. Emphasizing its crucial role in sustaining authoritarian developmentalism, the article analyzes the emergence of the Chinese techno-developmental state amid escalating US–China technological rivalry. It also scrutinizes the New Infrastructure initiative of the early 2020s as the state's key initiative to drive its economic and governance agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital infrastructure is an important engine to drive the low-carbon transformation of enterprises, foster new quality productivity, and enhance new growth drivers. This paper takes 2,749 Chinese A-share listed companies from 2006 to 2021 as samples to investigate the impact of digital infrastructure on corporate carbon emissions, its mechanism and heterogeneity through time-varying DID. The findings of this paper are as follows. Digital infrastructure can significantly reduce the level of corporate carbon emissions after a series of robustness tests such as placebo tests and PSM-DID. The impact mechanism test shows that digital infrastructure mainly promotes corporate carbon emission reduction through the "technology dividend" effect and the "structural dividend" effect, that is, reducing corporate carbon emissions through green technology innovation, energy efficiency improvement, and digital transformation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that for state-owned enterprises, enterprises with fierce industry competition, enterprises in non-resource-based cities and non-old industrial bases, digital infrastructure plays a stronger role in promoting corporate carbon emission reduction. This study provides empirical evidence and policy implications for how to use digital infrastructure to empower enterprises to reduce carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telemedicine has emerged as a transformative solution to address the significant healthcare disparities faced by rural India, where over 70% of the population resides. In this article, the evolution of telemedicine in India, its current landscape, and its potential to revolutionize primary healthcare delivery in rural areas are reviewed. Despite progress in establishing Primary Health Centers, rural healthcare infrastructure remains underutilized due to staffing shortages and other challenges. Telemedicine offers a lifeline by bridging critical gaps in primary care, with government initiatives such as E-Sanjeevni and private entities such as M-Swasth and Apollo TeleHealth expanding access to healthcare services. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of more advanced, patient-centric telemedicine models incorporating artificial intelligence, machine learning, and Internet of Things technologies. These innovations aim to provide rural communities with healthcare standards comparable to urban areas. However, challenges persist, including technological barriers, digital literacy gaps, and concerns about data security and privacy. To fully realize telemedicine's potential, a multifaceted approach is necessary. This includes culturally adapting platforms for rural populations, strengthening data protection legislation, enhancing digital infrastructure, and increasing digital literacy. The collaborative efforts of government bodies, private enterprises, healthcare professionals, and non-profit private organizations are crucial in overcoming these challenges. By embracing telemedicine and addressing its implementation barriers, India can bridge the healthcare gap, improve the quality of life for millions of rural residents, and potentially catalyze economic development in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately portraying the spatially linked network characteristics of digital infrastructure and exploring its energy-saving effects are highly valuable for enhancing the synergy in digital infrastructure development and expanding its network spillover effects on energy conservation. This paper uses panel data at the city level in China and employs a modified gravity model to calculate the centrality of digital infrastructure spatial correlation network nodes. Based on this, an econometric model is constructed, incorporating variables such as digital infrastructure spatial correlation network node centrality and urban green total factor energy efficiency. The model is used to analyze the effects and transmission paths of digital infrastructure network node centrality on urban green total factor energy efficiency. The analysis yields the following conclusions: (1) Digital infrastructure spatial correlation network node centrality significantly improves urban green total factor energy efficiency, with considerable variability due to city geographic location, city scale, and city attributes. (2) Nonlinear testing results indicate that as digital infrastructure construction advances, its impact on urban green total factor energy efficiency shifts from inhibitory to promotional. (3) The impact mechanism shows that digital infrastructure node centrality enhances urban green total factor energy efficiency through green technology innovation. Additionally, it promotes advanced industrial structures and reduces capital mismatch, further influencing energy efficiency. (4) Digital infrastructure node centrality not only boosts urban green total factor energy efficiency but also facilitates regional convergence, increasing the convergence rate from 0.094 to 0.170%. The findings of the research offer policy guidance for the government on advancing digital transformation initiatives and enhancing energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]