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Nine red macroalgae (Amphiroa rigida, Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Gracilaria gracilis, Grateloupia torture, Jania rubens, Laurencia obtusa, Laurencia pyramidalis, Liagora viscida, and Pterocladiella capillaries) were collected from coastal waters of Türkiye, and their proximate, fatty acid, soluble carbohydrate, and mineral profiles were investigated in the present study. According to the results, the crude protein content of the samples was between 4% and 23.8%, and four of the samples (G. turuturu, L. obtusa, L. pyramidalis, and P. capillacea) contained more than 10% protein. The crude lipid content of all the samples was below 1.6%, and the total carbohydrate content was between 38.3% and 76.9%. The macroalgae samples were generally richer in saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid being the most abundant, whereas G. gracilis had the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (55.8%). All samples exhibited high contents of myo-inositol or glucose. Also, the samples generally had a good composition of minerals. Still, the heavy metal (i.e., Pb and Cd) content of Gracilaria gracilis was higher (59.6 µg/kg, P < 0.05) than those of the other algae samples. This study provides valuable insight into the chemical composition and fatty acid, mineral, and soluble carbohydrate profiles of Amphiroa rigida, Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Gracilaria gracilis, Grateloupia turuturu, Jania rubens, Laurencia obtusa, Laurencia pyramidalis, Liagora viscida, and Pterocladiella capillacea from Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, quantification of secondary metabolites of Cydonia oblonga (Quince) leaves by LCMS/MS and antioxidant, cholinergic and a-Glycosidase activities were reported. LC-MS/MS analyses of the studied extract showed that the highest phenolic constituents of species were catechin (2024.9 ± 80.9 µg/L), vanillic acid (1121.8 ± 39.3 µg/L) and fumaric acid (486.7 ± 16.5 µg/L). The ethanol extract of quince leaves inhibited the a-glycosidase enzyme with an IC50: 0.6 µg/mL value. In order to determine the anti-Alzheimer activity of the plant extract, inhibition studies were carried out on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The IC50 values of the plant extract were found to be 1.3 µg/mL for AChE and 1.5 µg/mL for BChE. In addition, free radical scavenging and metal reduction tests were performed to determine the antioxidant activity of the plant and the results were compared with Trolox. It was understood that the antioxidant potential of the plant was lower than Trolox. The results from biological abilities, molecular docking of catechin hydrate as abundant phenolic compounds in quince leaves extract to be an inhibitor candidate for AChE, BChE and a-glycosidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lamiaceae family are utilized as ornamental, medicinal, and food supplements throughout the world. The current study focuses on a comparative analysis of the phenolic compositions and bioactivities (including antioxidant, anticholinergic, and antibacterial activities) of ethanolic extracts derived from the aerial parts of the two species (Lavandula stoechas L. and Thymus sipyleus Boiss). The presence of phenolic compounds and phytochemicals in the plant extracts was identified using the LC-MS/MS technique. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that vanillic acid (125,596.66 µg/L) was the most abundant phytochemical in L. stoechas. Kaempferol (8550.52 µg/L) was the most abundant substance in Thymus sipyleus. The assessment of the antioxidant efficacy of the species extracts was conducted using the DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate), ABTS (2.2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), Fe3+–Fe2+ reducing, and CUPRAC (Cu2+–Cu+ reducing) assays. The anticholinergic activity of the samples was determined using the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay. The results of antioxidant activity were higher in the T. sipyleus than in the L. stoechas ethanol extracts. The extracts of L. stoechas exhibited radical scavenging activity ranging from 15 to 18%, while T. sipyleus had activity effects ranging from 34% to 38%. The AChE inhibition potential for L. stoechas and T. sipyleus extracts as IC50 values were 0.221 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 0.067 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial effects of the ethanolic extracts of these species against pathogenic bacteria isolates were determined using the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) method. These findings indicated that the extracts from L. stoechas and T. sipyleus possess the potential to be natural antioxidants in the realm of food preservation. Additionally, their antioxidant, anticholinergic, and antimicrobial properties suggest potential therapeutic utility in the management of certain diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to make decision the antioxidant activity of the leaves of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), which is a natural source of antioxidants. For this purpose, the leaves of hawthorn were collected and dried, and an ethanol extract was prepared. Total antioxidant activity (with respect to the ferric thiocyanate method), ion reduction capacity of Cu2+ (copper method), and Fe3+ (potassium ferricyanide reduction method) were determined on the prepared ethanol extracts. Additionally, scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and determination of the total phenolic-flavonoid compound content were carry out. The extracts obtained from Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) leaves were found to inhibit lipid peroxidation (of linoleic acid emulsion) by 40.9%. This inhibition occurred at a concentration of 10 µg/mL of the extracts. At the similar concentration, BHT exhibited 68.3% inhibition, while trolox exhibited 29.9% inhibition. Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), which was found to have a higher total phenolic content than trolox, exhibited significant DPPH scavenging and metal reduction activities. During the investigation of the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract obtained from Crataegus monogyna, a-tocopherol, its water-soluble analogue trolox and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) were utilized as reference antioxidant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dipeptides are short peptide molecules formed by the peptide bond between two amino acids, and they play significant roles in various biological processes (such as protein synthesis, nutrient absorption, cellular signaling, immune response). Short peptides have a prominent place in the design of self-assembling materials. In particular, dipeptides have gained considerable attention in the field of biotechnology as a type of self-organizing nanostructure due to their low cost, simplicity of synthesis, biocompatibility, and tunability of functionality. However, there is limited knowledge about peptide and protein-based nanostructures in the literature. Therefore, more information is needed on dipeptide nanostructures, especially in terms of their potential applications for biomedical purposes. This review focuses on dipeptide nanostructures, particularly their potential uses in biomedical applications, and provides a broader perspective on the advantages, challenges, synthesis, interactions, and applications of these nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn tassel (CT) is a waste part of the corn plant. It is a good co-product and rich in terms of bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. This research tried to show the phenolic profile, antioxidants, anticholinergic activities, and antibacterial properties of CT ethanol extract. The phenolic content analysis of the CT was determined quantitatively by LC-MS/MS, and the antioxidant capacity was measured using ABTS, DPPH, Cu2+–Cu+, and Fe3+–Fe2+ reducing methods. The anticholinergic measurements of CT were detected by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The antibacterial activity was determined by MIC and disc diffusion methods. Many phenolic compounds such as vanillic acid, caffeic acid, fumaric acid, acetohydroxamic acid, butein, myricetin, resveratrol, catechin hydrate, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were detected in ethanol extract of CT. The obtained plant ethanol extract had a 7.04% DPPH value, while it showed ABTS activity at 9.45%. Moreover, it had a 0.10 mg/mL inhibition effect on the AChE in terms of IC50 values. The ethanol extract of the CT had an antibacterial property on the investigated bacteria at different ratios. In conclusion, this research aims to consider CT as a source of phenolic compounds and to reveal its bioactive properties and its effects on the treatment of some diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a L -asparagine (L -Asn) imprinted membranes (L -Asn-MIPs) were synthesized via molecular imprinting for selective and efficient removal of L -Asn. The L -Asn-MIP membrane was prepared by using acrylamide (AAm) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as a functional monomer and a comonomer, respectively. The membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The L -Asn adsorption capacity of the membrane was investigated in detail. The maximum L -Asn adsorption capacity was determined as 408.2 mg/g at pH: 7.2, 24 °C. Determination of L -Asn binding behaviors of L -Asn-MIPs also shown with Scatchard analyses. The effect of pH on L -Asn adsorption onto the membrane and also the selectivity and reusability of the L -Asn-MIPs for L -Asn adsorption were determined through L -asparaginase (L -ASNase) enzyme activity measurements. The selectivity of the membrane was investigated by using two different ternary mixtures; L -glycine (L -Gly)/ L -histidine (L -His)/ L -Asn and L -tyrosin (L -Tyr)/ L -cystein(L -Cys)/ L -Asn. The obtained results showed that the L -Asn-MIP membranes have a high selectivity towards L -Asn. [Display omitted] • L -asparagine imprinted membranes were synthesized for efficient removal of L -Asn. • The membranes were characterized by FT-IR and SEM. • The specificity of the membranes was also confirmed by enzyme activities. • L -Asn-IPs membranes have high selectivity towards L -Asn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the phenolic content by using LC MS/MS method, anticholinergic, antioxidant (metal reduction, radical and removal of lipid peroxidation), and antibacterial activities of Erica manipuliflora Salisb. (EMS) extract were determined. The amount of vanillic acid, fumaric acid, catechin hydrate, quercetin, and phloridzin dihydrate were found higher than other compounds. The ethanol extract of the EMS showed an inhibition effect on the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme with IC 50 value of 0.124 ± 0.008 mg mL -1 . Also, this extract of the EMS indicated radical (DPPH and ABTS) scavenging activity (about 20%) and the reducing capacity for Cu(II) and Fe(III) close to trolox, and inhibited the oxidation of linoleic acid with 40.5% at 20 μg mL -1 . Antibacterial activity of the extracts was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli , and Salmonella Typhimurium using agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. The EMS extract was found to be effective when used at least 312 mg mL -1 concentration on the pathogenic microorganisms. Consequently, it has an important non-synthetic natural content that can be used in the treatment of many diseases due to its many bioactivities such as anticholinergic, antioxidant (radical removal, lipid peroxidation prevention, etc.) and antibacterial.