Search

It is presented the design specifications for a Retractor Robotic System (RRS) based on the surgical necessities in the incisions procedure for a dacryocystorhinostomy. The specifications are conformed by a mathematical model, the experimental data measured, a modular flexible architecture, energy supplier system, the mechanical group, and the safety system. The specifications suggest that the use of flexible polymeric materials for the RRS provide a mayor adaptability of the system with the biological tissue; so a pneumatic actuator could be a suitable option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-border patient mobility has become a topic of increasing interest for policy-makers and academic scholars. However, the focus on international dynamics hinders the fact that healthcare mobility takes place within national boundaries as well, particularly in countries characterized by decentralized health systems. This paper shifts the focus from the drivers of international patient mobility to the ones of policy-making on patient mobility within national borders, analyzing more than fifty policy arrangements adopted between Spanish Regions in the period 2000-2020. As the findings indicate, geographical/historical, economic and political factors are key to understanding the development of cross-border healthcare agreements, as well as the conflicts that may arise therefrom. Accordingly, these arrangements may become a controversial issue and a key arena for partisan competition, affecting the articulation of effective responses to patient mobility in Spain and, ultimately, patients' rights., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)