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Is negation more difficult to process than affirmation? If it is, does processing negation in a second language (L2) compound the difficulty compared to the first language (L1)? This article addresses the issues of difficulties in processing different types of negation in the L1 and L2 by looking at the differences in the ways in which comprehenders anticipate upcoming visual information during sentence processing. Using a blank-screen paradigm, we recorded eye fixations of Croatian native speakers and Croatian learners of English while they were anticipating matching or mismatching pictures to sentences with various types of negation in L1 (Croatian) and L2 (English). Using a between-group design, we manipulated sentence polarity (affirmative vs. negative), negation type (sentential vs. negative quantifier) within both L1 Croatian and L2 English so that we could observe potential anticipation effects varying as a function of the two predictors. In line with previous studies, affirmation in the L1 was easier to process than negation, and participants were able to anticipate sentence-picture matches in both the L1 and the L2 group. In contrast with our prediction, anticipatory looks did not significantly vary across negation types in Croatian based on the number of structural cues. In L2 English, learners exhibited prediction ability across negation types. These findings go against the view that comprehension in L2 comes with a reduced ability to generate expectations, and they highlight the robustness of mental simulations in both L1 and L2 negation processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Linguistica Asiatica is the property of Acta Linguistica Asiatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Is negation more difficult to process than affirmation? If it is, does processing negation in a second language (L2) compound the difficulty compared to the first language (L1)? This article addresses the issues of difficulties in processing different types of negation in the L1 and L2 by looking at the differences in the ways in which comprehenders anticipate upcoming visual information during sentence processing. Using a blank-screen paradigm, we recorded eye fixations of Croatian native speakers and Croatian learners of English while they were anticipating matching or mismatching pictures to sentences with various types of negation in L1 (Croatian) and L2 (English). Using a between-group design, we manipulated sentence polarity (affirmative vs. negative), negation type (sentential vs. negative quantifier) within both L1 Croatian and L2 English so that we could observe potential anticipation effects varying as a function of the two predictors. In line with previous studies, affirmation in the L1 was easier to process than negation, and participants were able to anticipate sentence-picture matches in both the L1 and the L2 group. In contrast with our prediction, anticipatory looks did not significantly vary across negation types in Croatian based on the number of structural cues. In L2 English, learners exhibited prediction ability across negation types. These findings go against the view that comprehension in L2 comes with a reduced ability to generate expectations, and they highlight the robustness of mental simulations in both L1 and L2 negation processing.

The present paper examines the effect of Japanese lexical accent on the perception of Japanese vowel length in Croatian listeners. Lexical accent patterns of the two languages, both having phonologically distinctive length and pitch, are contrasted. A three-alternative choice identification test was conducted involving all combinations of three pitch patterns and two positions of a long vowel in bisyllabic words. Two groups of participants were Croatian students of Japanese and those without any prior knowledge. The results showed not only the effects of pitch pattern but also of the position of the long vowel (initial or final) and group. Participants had the highest error rates for pitch pattern LHL, followed by HLL, regardless of the group and position of the long vowel.

The paper focuses on the contrastive analysis of metaphorical collocations of the nouns right and pravo in the web corpora of English and Croatian. It categorizes metaphorical collocations based on the Master Metaphor List (Lakoff, Espenson, and Schwarts 1991), and attempts to detect the similarities and differences in the cognitive structuring of the two terms. The paper is thus an attempt to investigate the metaphorical dimension of legal collocations, a perspective largely ignored to date in the study of collocations in legal discourse. By combining the corpusbased approach, which allows us to access a significant number of collocations, and using the Master Metaphor List, the paper reveals the network of conceptual mappings operating in the background of collocations and proposes that such cognitive structuring cuts across different legal cultures.

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Copyright of Suvremena Lingvistika is the property of Suvremena Lingvistika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Filologija is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of teaching closely related languages based on the similarities and differences between the Croatian and Serbian literary languages. Some aspects of special methodology of teaching a foreign language are considered, in particular, the development of skills of lexical switching from one closely related language (or variant) to another. For the first time, an attempt was made to describe the methods of teaching the Croatian and Serbian languages through the prism of their distinctive features. The Appendix contains a typical plan for conducting one or two practical classes in the academic discipline Practical Translation Course (Croatian or Serbian).

Introduction: Previous studies have focused on understanding parental attempts to record language development in children, across many typologically different languages. However, many of these studies restricted their assessment to children up to the age of 3 years. The aim of this paper was to move this boundary by examining language development in typically language developed children older than 3 years. Methods: Using the Croatian version of the Communicative Development Inventories III (CDI-III-HR), we investigated the contribution of parental reports of a child’s lexical, grammatical, and metalinguistic awareness abilities to general language abilities assessed by clinicians. Participants included the parents of 151 children between the ages of 30 to 48 months, who completed the CDI-III-HR and reported on their child’s language abilities. Results: Our results show that age is significantly associated with the lexical, grammatical, and metalinguistic awareness abilities of a child’s language development. These findings confirm that all three abilities increase with age and that parents can perceive changes in a child’s language development. The subsections of CDI-III-HR were moderately to strongly associated with each other, with the strongest association being between lexicon and grammar, suggesting that they remain closely related after the age of 30 months. Parental assessments of a child’s language development are a better predictor of language production than language comprehension, with grammar making the most consistent and significant contribution. Discussion: This study confirms that the development of grammatical abilities is the most prominent skill between the ages of 30 to 48 months and that parents can observe the transition in the child’s language development through their usage of grammar in words to grammar in sentences. Based on the selected sample of children, we discovered different patterns of parental success in assessing the child’s language ability. These findings indicate that parents can act as valuable sources of information regarding the child’s language abilities, but clinical assessments of early language development should consider many other formal sources of information in addition to parental reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a contrastive analysis of COVID-19-related EU legislative texts with emphasis on term variants. The analysis carried out on a parallel corpus consisting of English and Croatian texts has identified multiple examples of variation of predominately multi-word terms at several levels. These include orthographic and grammatical variants, unit shifts and denominative variants creating different meanings. The findings support other contemporary studies into variation within specialized language, highlighting the importance of studying variation to gain understanding about the dynamics of domain knowledge. By focusing on variation in a parallel corpus, conclusions are drawn about the prevalence of variation in a newer EU official language, as opposed to English as the draft text of EU legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Fluminensia is the property of Fluminensia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

If linguistic nationalism presupposes a homogenous national language, then "dialect" taxonomies become interesting objects of study. This article examines three instances of linguistic nationalism published in Zagreb. The three texts, published in 1836, 1919, and 1995, come from (1) Ljudevit Gaj and Jan Kollár, (2) Dragutin Prohaska, and (3) Miro Kačić. The different texts propound three quite different taxonomies of "dialects" within the imagined national language. Changing strategies of dialect classification imply different understandings of the national language, reflecting in turn changing political circumstances. The Panslavism of 1836 gave way in 1919 to interwar Yugoslavism, or alternatively Serbo-Croatism, which in 1995 then gave way to Croatian particularist nationalism. The article ends with speculations about future linguistic taxonomies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manner of speaking verbs denote the transfer of a message through speech, emphasizing the volume, intensity, comprehensibility, psychophysical condition of the speaker, and/or the impression that the speaker leaves on the hearer. In this article, verbs are semantically divided into four subclasses: 1. Verbs with emphasis on volume, 2. verbs of incomprehensible speaking, 3. verbs of meaningless speaking and complaining, and 4. verbs with emphasis on emotional component. Their syntactic peculiarities have been extensively researched in English, while no special attention has been paid to these verbs in Croatian. It is stated that in Croatian they are monovalent verbs. However, these verbs can be bivalent, and even trivalent. The recipient can be expressed by a dative complement within all four semantic subclasses. With the verbs of loud speaking and verbs with negative emotions, it can be expressed by a prepositional complement na ‘at’ + accusative and za ‘after’ + instrumental. The theme can be expressed by a quotation and a clausal complement, a prepositional complement o ‘about’ + locative, an accusative complement, sometimes a prepositional complement protiv ‘against’ + genitive, za ‘for’ + accusative, and with fewer verbs with prepositional phrases za ‘for’ + instrumental or nad ‘over’ + instrumental. Interestingly, there are certain restrictions for the complements’ combination within the same clause, which are described in more detail in the article.

Two lines of theoretical research have dominated the question of the locus of gender resolution in the context of Slavic conjunct agreement. Goal Resolution accounts comprise of the assumption made by mainstream research that resolved value (masculine plural) on ConjP goal is readily available to be copied onto probe (Bošković 2009; Franks and Willer-Gold 2014; Marušič et al. 2015; Murphy and Puškar 2018). The Probe Resolution account instead argues that gender resolution takes place on probe once gender values have been copied from the two conjuncts, as proposed by Citko (2018). The current study aims to experimentally test the validity of these two theoretical accounts of gender resolution. In this objective, we first discuss the results of an elicited production study on conjunct agreement in South Slavic (Willer-Gold et al. 2018), which found production times for nine gender combinations to strongly correlate with uniformity of agreement exponents. This finding indicates that simultaneous activation of multiple conjunct agreement strategies is resolved by competition at the level of morphological exponents on probe, offering support for the Probe Resolution account. We then report a novel study comprised of three self-paced reading experiments in Croatian (n: 99) designed to validate the resolved masculine gender on ConjP goal with (in)congruent gender conjuncts. Results of this study suggest is an early predictor of the gender on the upcoming verbal target but its violation is detected late in the presence of an alternative agreement strategy in the experimental paradigm, and as expected when this alternative is eliminated from the experimental paradigm favouring Goal Resolution theories. Conflicting data from comprehension (self-paced reading) and production (elicited production) studies supporting Goal and Probe approaches are finally considered in the context of the production-comprehension asymmetry often observed in gender attraction studies.

New concepts are constantly being borrowed across languages. The influence of one language on another can occur on all linguistic levels, with lexis being the most sensitive. Croatian has become most receptive to borrowing from English, and the influence of English on Croatian has been documented in different functional styles. The prestigious status of English, which reduces the likelihood that a borrowed element will adapt to the rules of the recipient language, is one of the reasons why English has become an inexhaustible source of new words for Croatian learners. The aim of the present study is to investigate the use of adapted forms of English loanwords in Croatian, with particular attention to the type and degree of their adaptation. Due to the differences between the phonemic systems of the two languages, it was expected that the Croatian learners would show diversity in their responses regarding loanword adaptation. A translation task with the 392 most frequently used unadapted English loanwords in Croatian was given to 116 undergraduate students at the Faculty of Maritime Studies. The data showed that the participants preferred the unadapted forms to the adapted forms of English. They were also more inclined to orthographically adapt a loanword, than to adapt it both orthographically and morphologically. The differences observed in orthographic adaptation reflect the underlying differences in the phonemic systems of the two languages. Overall, the results suggest that the unadapted forms of English words have become established in Croatian and are a preferred lexical choice among younger L1 speakers of Croatian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the ways Croatian and Serbian daily newspapers wrote about the Covid-19 pandemic at its outbreak in 2020. The aim of the paper was to identify and describe metaphors in the selected corpus of texts in order to determine the metaphorical framing used in newspapers. This corpus-based research of media discourse was based on a qualitative bottom-up analysis that started from lexical metaphors found in the texts. The results of this study suggest that a whole range of metaphorical mappings is used to frame the pandemic in the media in Croatian and Serbian. The results indicate that in both languages the same conventional metaphors were used. The pandemic was metaphorically conceptualized as an opponent, as some kind of disaster such as fire, or war. Different elements of the metaphorical mapping were made salient and foregrounded, depending on the text type. The obtained results are largely in line with previous research on using metaphors to describe the process of dealing with diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Fluminensia is the property of Fluminensia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We explore the effects of prolonged contact with Croatian on the inflexional morphology of number-marking in the Istro-Romanian noun. One result of a reorganization of the nominal system is that certain bisyllabic plural desinences, originally associated with feminine gender, are reassigned to the masculine, and come to exist alongside other modes of masculine plural marking. The resultant variation in masculine plural inflexion becomes subject to new patterns of distribution which are clearly sensitive to Croatian models, including the exaptation of masculine plural morphology to provide distinctive specialized morphological marking of plurals in certain numeral quantifier expressions for ‘smaller’ numbers, in ways clearly reminiscent of Croatian. What is involved is a complex array of ‘pattern’ borrowing, although there is also some evidence for ‘matter’ borrowing of a dialectal Croatian plural ending which Istro-Romanian sometimes uses in numeral quantifier phrases with higher numerals. Overall, we seem to be in the presence of an emergent ‘numerative’. While the creation of numeratives is well known from the internal history of various languages, our data may show that they may also emerge through language contact.

This article deals with translating South Slavic deictic verbs. Specifically, we consider translations among Bulgarian, Croatian, and Serbian. Deictic verbs are verbs whose interpretation is dependent on the location of speech-act participants (Fillmore 1997), such as come and go. In research on Slavic, certain motion verbs prefixes have been discussed as deictic prefixes (see Grenoble 1991, Filipović 2009, Łozińska 2018). Particular emphasis in this analysis is on the prefixed motion verbs dojda/doći, idvam/dolaziti, otida/otići, and otivam/odlaziti found in Bulgarian, Croatian, and Serbian literary texts and their translations. We present a brief quantitative overview and conduct a qualitative study of deixis-related meanings, paying necessary attention to other non-deictic meanings. Special attention is given to the constructional interplay of various deictic elements that co-occur with deictic verbs. Since we deal with literary texts and not everyday interaction, we consider the genre and context and apply the notion of viewpoint, which also covers the mental viewpoint adopted by the narrator, in addition to the deictic viewpoint of one of the speech participants. In the study, we observed shifts in point-of-view from deictic to non-deictic construal and vice versa, and from dynamic to static construal. These phenomena relate to the fact that in a text with a third person narrator, there is no innate deictic centre, while in casual conversation, the interlocutors create the deictic centre. The results show a preference for using come when motion towards a protagonist is described in a neutral context.

On December 16, 2022, a bilateral Slovenian-Croatian phraseology working meeting was held at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ljubljana, at which the state of phraseology in Slovenia and Croatia was updated in a very concise manner. The organizer was the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana and, within this institution, the Department of Slovene Studies. The expert discussion took place according to thematic blocks, namely: 1) Methods, approaches and reviews, 2) Phraseology in dictionaries, 3) Teaching and learning phraseology, and 4) Current phraseological research. It has been confirmed that such working international meetings with the much-needed exchange of expert opinions and experiences are necessary for the smooth development of the profession and at the same time are also invaluable for their vision within the wider linguistic activity.

This paper compares the beginnings of exonym standardization and some characteristics of the oldest exonyms in two similar Slavic languages, Croatian and Slovenian. It uses the comparative and exemplar methods. It is found that these processes were influenced by the sociopolitical environment of the time, especially language policies. It is shown that the nineteenth century was favorably inclined toward exonyms. They were often written inconsistently and unsystematically because there were no spelling norms for their writing and use. For some, the influences of foreign languages (German, Italian, etc.) are obvious. Numerous transitional forms also appeared, which did not become established.

English has become the dominant donor language for many languages, including Croatian. Its prestigious status reduces the likelihood of borrowed words to adapt to a recipient language. As a result, some English loanwords occur in an unadapted form. Recent computational linguistic resources have given the necessary corpus-based data on the frequency and use of English loanwords in Croatian. This paper investigates the strategies employed by 116 students of the Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka when asked to translate 392 most frequent, corpus-derived English loanwords into Croatian. The results were then compared with the available corpus-based data. The results show that single-word Croatian equivalents were preferred over adapted forms of English loanwords and multi-word expressions. When no such equivalent was available, unadapted English forms were used more frequently compared to adapted forms and multi-word expressions. The co-existence of loanwords and their native equivalents is reflected in responses to loanwords that have and those that do not have single-word equivalents. The results highlight the need for creating semantically precise single-word native equivalents, at the same time illustrating the resistance to accept novel native words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to compare semantic and morphosyntactic features of Slovene, Croatian, and Polish SubjEx verbs of emotion that govern bare nominal complements in the accusative case by applying the notion of the "personal sphere". The study shows that these verbs can be divided into those that express a positive or negative evaluation of some properties of the object of emotion, and into those that indicate more complex scenarios in which someone's personal sphere is impacted. It can be the personal sphere of the Experiencer participant or the personal sphere of other people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Departing from the assumption that exonyms, in the sense of »names used in a specific language for a geographical feature situated outside the area where that language is spoken and differing in its form from the name used in an official or well-established language of the area where the geographical feature is situated« (UN Glossary definition 2007), are indicators of external historical as well as current political, cultural, and economic relations of a community, the article investigates the case of Croatian exonyms as documented by the recently published editions of Ivana Crljenko (2016, 2018). For comparison, (Austrian-)German, Hungarian and Italian exonyms are also examined in this respect. In essence, the assumption is found to also be confirmed by the Croatian case, although several linguistic factors distort the picture. The article also reveals the weaknesses of the current UN Glossary definitions of the terms »exonym« and »endonym«.

The paper deals with transdisciplinary verb-noun collocations and their lexical incompatibilities in the German, English, and Croatian common language of science – e.g, Aspekt(e)//Problem(e) herausstellen ‘(to) highlight/emphasize/point out aspects’, ‘istaknuti/naglasiti aspekt(e)//problem(e)’. Contrastive and translation analysis is limited to selected examples of collocations in the German and English common language of science and a comparison with their contrastive correspondents in Croatian as well as the establishment of translation equivalents in the three languages. One of the aims of the paper is to point out the need to create new types of multilingual and multipurpose electronic dictionaries with improved processing of general scientific verb-noun collocations. The second goal is to shed light on issues related to collocation in this area of language and to propose an improved and more detailed representation of inconsistent collocational patterns in the new trilingual e-dictionary of general scientific language based on confirmations of actual application in the wider syntagmatic environment in the modern corpus of scientific knowledge. Such a syntagmatic environment would depict and describe the type of scientific activity that takes place in collocational verb-noun patterns below the level of the isolated individual functional translation equivalent, and occupies an appropriate place in the structure of a scientific text in the three languages. The ultimate goal of the first broader research of verb-noun collocations of three languages is to present and make a list of typical and characteristic general scientific collocations with translation equivalents or possible translation solutions, which should finally be described and presented in a new trilingual electronic dictionary of transdisciplinary general scientific terminology of the three languages. The modern corpus of the Croatian scientific language was used as the source for Croatian verb-noun collocations. The German online dictionary Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (DWDS) served as a source of collocation information for the German language, while the online dictionaries Glosbe and Langenscheidt were used as a source for English collocations.

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The Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) questionnaire is a psychometric instrument designed to quantify postoperative recovery. It has been translated and validated in several countries but not in Croatia. The aim was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate Croatian version of the QoR-40. The QoR-40 was translated from English by two independent translators, back-translated by a native speaker, and approved by an expert committee. The questionnaire was administered to 106 patients who underwent general anesthesia before elective spinal surgery, post-surgery in the operating room, and 30 days after surgery. Internal consistency was assessed using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed by evaluating correlation between the QoR-40 and hand grip strength. The mean preoperative global QoR-40 score was 177.6 (95% CI 174.9-180.3) and postoperative 168.9 (95% CI 165.8-171.9); the mean change was -8.8 (95% CI -11.9 to -5.6). Internal consistency was good for global QoR-40 score (Cronbach α=0.896), acceptable across all domains (8>α≥7). There was a significant correlation between grip strength and total QoR-40 score, pain, and physical independence, but not with other domains. In conclusion, the Croatian version of the QoR-40 has acceptable properties and can be used in the assessment of postoperative recovery in Croatian patients.

This study examines the role of metaphor in the conceptualization of hope (nada) in the Croatian corpus hrWaC. Employing “metaphorical pattern analysis” (Stefanowitsch, 2006), I analyze metaphorical patterns with the target-domain word nada ‘hope’. These patterns were extracted from a random sample of 1000 citations and additional citations retrieved based on the collocation candidates’ list. The analysis shows that the conceptualization of hope in Croatian relates to approximately fifty metaphorical source domains. The most frequently utilized are object, container, and companion, which apply to many other emotions, dispositions, and states. The study builds on relevant research questions and findings on the conceptual representation of emotions and metaphors structuring emotions within cognitive linguistic research. It offers a basis for future qualitative studies about hope as a universal and culture-specific concept.

In academic writing stance is often conveyed by means of extraposed that-clauses (It is possible that the results were misinterpreted.). The impersonal form of a matrix predicate allows writers to express attitudes without assuming responsibility for the claim, which renders extraposition particularly convenient for hedging (Biber et al., 1999). The equivalent clause type in Croatian refers to declarative subject da-clauses (Moguće je da su rezultati krivo protumačeni.). The study examines the hedging potential of the target clauses in research articles in English and Croatian. Raising awareness of the way hedged stance is conveyed in cross-cultural academic writing may provide important implications for academic writing instruction particularly in a non-native English context.

A successful narration relies on the ability of an individual to express a coherent sequence of temporally and causally related events organised around a specific theme, and this skill typically develops in early preschool age. Narrative coherence can be assessed by sequences or elements of story grammar. According to the causal network model, story grammar is viewed as an interconnected network of causal relationships, including enabling, physical, motivational, and psychological relationships. The importance of causal coherence has been recognised in many studies dealing with narrative discourse from the developmental perspective. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results with respect to the use of different types of causal relationships in the narratives of children of different ages. In the present study, we aimed to examine the differences between preschool and school children in their ability to express causal relationships, both overall and specific, in the narratives that they produce. Participants were monolingual Croatian-speaking children with typical language development, who were stratified into two groups: preschool (n = 41, mean age = 6;3 years) and school children (n = 50, mean age = 8;4 years). Narratives were collected using the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN), which was adapted to Croatian. The results show significant differences between the two groups of children in the overall proportion of causal relationships expressed, as well as specifically in the proportion of motivational relationships. There were no significant differences between the groups in production of enabling, physical, or psychological relationships. School children expressed more causal relationships overall than preschool children, as well as specifically more motivational relationships. As far as we know, this study is the first to investigate causality in the narratives of monolingual Croatian-speaking children using the causal network model. Our results only partially confirm the findings of previous studies, suggesting the need for further research to better understand the development of causal coherence in children's narrative discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main prerequisites for understanding and producing coherent oral discourse or written text is successful understanding and production of causal relations. During both production, children have at their disposal a wide range of linguistic modes to mark it, some of which are more explicit and others more implicit. In this study, retelling was used as a method to elicit narratives that served as a tool for analysing causal relations. Retelling enables exploring the linguistic reformulation of the syntactic structures of a previously stored story and the analysis of the overlap between the language content which child is exposed to (language input) and the language that child produces (language output). Two groups of children, aged 10 (N = 23) and 12 (N = 30), were exposed to the story at two time points; in the first they had to retell it orally and in the second they had to write it. The conducted analyses showed that 12-years old children produced in total more causal relations than 10-year-old in written modality only. This difference is explained by the greater writing competence of 12-year-old children in the production of more complex syntactic structures. Furthermore, both groups of children in both modalities dominantly used the same causal markers that are primarily grammatical. All these findings point to the children's ability to reformulate causal relations regardless of the language content to which they were previously exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Suvremena Lingvistika is the property of Suvremena Lingvistika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Suvremena Lingvistika is the property of Suvremena Lingvistika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to translate, adapt and validate the Croatian version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) in participants with visual impairment. This study also aims at evaluating the relationship between visual impairment and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Ophthalmology. The sample consisted of 175 patients with four chronic ocular diseases: cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The translation of the NEI VFQ-25 to Croatian was conducted following the standardised procedure. All participants underwent an ophthalmological examination and completed the NEI VFQ-25 and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Questionnaire (SF-36). In order to assess the psychometric properties of the NEI VFQ-25, we calculated Cronbach's α coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), convergent and discriminant validity, as well as criterion and concurrent validity. Results: Results show high internal consistency (Cronbach α range 0.739–0.932) and high test–retest reliability (ICC 0.876–0.975) for all subscales. None of the items had failed either convergent or discriminant validity. Moderate to high Spearman's rho coefficients of correlations were found between best corrected visual acuity and eight subscales in the NEI VFQ-25 (0.430 < ρ < 0.631). Moderate correlations were found between comparable domains in the NEI VFQ-25 and in the SF-36 questionnaire (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The Croatian version of the NEI VFQ-25 has very good psychometric properties and can be a useful instrument for assessing vision-related quality of life in Croatian population with chronic ophthalmic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper has been inspired by Roberto Dapit's study of 2021. My aim is to show the sense of using what can be called "perceptual etymology" (analogically to "perceptual dialectology") along with and in contrast to the "scholarly etymology". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up until now there wasn't a Dutch translation of Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića, the famous Croatian book for children, written in the early 1900's by the celebrated author Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić. It tells the universal story of an orphaned boy who is abused by his guardian and decides to escape which leads him on a seven-day journey. This article discusses the translation process and the choices made with a focus on the position of children's literature and its translation within the field of literary translations. In adult literature the goals of the authors are mainly literary, in children's literature the didactic and educational aspect is also included. A translator of children's literature has to take into account the different characteristics and functions of a book written for children which gives more freedom, but can also cause conflicts between the different function of a children's book. The translators of Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića decided to stay as close as possible to the source but to implement adaptations that help the process of identification of the reader and the readability. The main focus of this article is on the translation of the meaningful names of the characters mainly using a naturalising strategy, trying to find a functional equivalent name which has, through sound or emotion, a similar effect as in the source text. Also adaptions in wording and phrasing were needed to bring an early twentieth century book to the twenty first century.

Copyright of Fluminensia is the property of Fluminensia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper1 discusses the basic characteristics of ObjExp verbs in Croatian (thematic roles, argument structure, anticausative variant, aspect of the verb), with special attention paid to the aspectual properties of such verbs. According to various authors (Arad 1998, Pylkkänen 2000, Biały 2005, Grafmiller 2013), ObjExp verbs are not a unified aspectual class since they can be interpreted as both stative and non-stative verbs. Five diagnostics that differentiate between stative and non-stative interpretation are applied to a sample of 40 verbs: (1) passive formation; (2) use in the punctual past tense; (3) co-occurrence with agent-oriented adverbs; (4) use of a verb in the imperative mood; and (5) the ability of the verb to be used as a complement of control verbs (Grafmiller 2013). The results of this research show that all Croatian ObjExp verbs with primary psychological meaning have an anticausative variant derived by reflexive morphology, that most verbs have two (or three) interpretations, and that perfective ObjExp verbs can probably be more easily interpreted as non-stative than imperfective ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]