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There are a number of collaborations between APPLICATE partners and groups in the USA and Canada. Effective clustering for these activities happens both in terms of science coordination as well as at scientific levels. As part of WP8 on Clustering scientific collaborations that are directly or indirectly related to the project activities have been tracked. This document, the second of three reports, contains a non-exhaustive list of activities as reported by APPLICATE partners on their current and most significant engagements with collaborators from North America.

Oral presentation at the Arctic Change Conference (international Arctic science cooperation session) in Québec, Canada.

Poster presentation at the European Meteorological Society annual meeting in Dublin, Ireland

There are a number of collaborations between APPLICATE partners and groups in the USA and Canada. Effective clustering for these activities happens both in terms of science coordination as well as at scientific levels. As part of WP8 on Clustering scientific collaborations that are directly or indirectly related to the project activities have been tracked. This document contains a non-exhaustive list of activities as reported by APPLICATE partners on their current and most significant engagements with collaborators from North America.

To meet the growing societal need for young scientists trained in the area of weather and climate prediction, a 10-days Polar Prediction School for early-career scientists from around the world will be held in Spring 2018. The school will be organised in the frame of the EU-funded APPLICATE project and theWorld Meteorological Organisation’s Polar Prediction Project (PPP) in occasion of the Yearof Polar Prediction (YOPP). Topics of the school will include a combination of polar weather and climate theory lectures with exercises on modelling and field meteorology techniques. Each of these components forms a crucial pillar of the prediction problem, and the motivation for combining these is to provide participants with a complete overview of the components required to understand and predict polar weather. The Polar Prediction School 2018 will provide quality training for the next generation of polar scientists, training materials publicly available and the opportunity for early career scientists to build their networks and to approach senior scientists expert in the field of polar climate.

There are a number of European and international activities that are related to some of the activities planned in APPLICATE. While increasing the critical mass needed to make progress, effective clustering will be needed in APPLICATE to facilitate coordination and take advantage of synergies with related programmes and initiatives. To ensure effective collaboration with partners from Europe, North America and the wider international community, this document contains a Clustering Plan that will be further developed together with the partners in the context of the APPLICATE project. The strategy employed here is to focus on a limited number of clustering activities that will be given full attention to make a difference.

A prominent climate change of the Earth system was the onset of Antarctic glaciation near the Eocene-Oligocene transition (~34 million years ago). The causes of this change are not yet well understood. The most common hypothesis are that glaciation resulted from a cooling of Antarctica due to plate tectonic repositioning and associated changes in ocean circulation or by a response to declining atmospheric pCO2 supported by the Earth's orbital configuration relative to the Sun. In this thesis these hypotheses are tested through sensitivity experiments with a new climate-ice sheet modeling approach, which takes into account the global oceanic and atmospheric circulation and the Antarctic cryosphere. The numerical models chosen for this study are Huybrechts (1993) ice sheet model for the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS), and COSMOS, composed of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5 and the ocean general circulation model MPI-OM. MPI-OM is initialized by runs of the Large Scale Geostrophic ocean model (LSG).The modelling procedure is validated for modern climate and the results compared to observational data. Furthermore the robustness of the method is assessed by analysing the climate and AIS response to a doubling of the global atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2). The AIS modelled with this methodology is comparable with observations. This method is also usable to investigate changes in the atmospheric pCO2.The response of the Antarctic continent to the opening of the Drake Passage and to the establishment of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is examined. Two different climate states have been reproduced with global tectonic configurations including open and closed Passage. A reduced southward heat flux and a decrease of both water and air temperature is found around and over Antarctica when the gateway is open. A more massive ice sheet develops on the continent in this case. The influence of a specific concentration of pCO2 in the atmosphere for the onset of a major AIS is investigated. The climate with a tectonic configuration similar to the Late Eocene and under different pCO2 are analyzed and the response of the AIS is examined. Lower atmospheric pCO2 levels result in lower surface atmospheric temperature over the Antarctic continent and in larger AIS. The effect of a favorable orbital configuration on the early formation of the AIS is analyzed. Four different experiments are conducted with the land-sea distributions similar to the Late Eocene and to the Late Oligocene by applying two distinct orbital setups, the modern and one yielding the coldest Antarctic summer. The effect of a favorable orbital position is to help the initial growth of the AIS under both tectonic configurations.The results of this study support the idea that the establishment of the ACC and low atmospheric pCO2 levels could have comparable significance in creating the conditions for a wide continental glaciation whereas orbital forcings do not seem to have a major impact.

of the presentation given by Thomas Jung at the 2nd EU Climate Modelling "Workshop on Climate Prediction in the Atlantic-Arctic sector" in Bergen (NO), Jointly organised by the Bjerknes Climate Prediction Unit and the EU Modelling Cluster.

The main objective of the APPLICATE project is to develop enhanced predictive capacity for weather and climate in the Arctic and beyond, and to determine the influence of Arctic climate change on the Northern Hemisphere. WP7 integrates three main areas of action: communication and dissemination of the project results, user engagement and training. All the activities will be carefully targeted to different groups of potential audiences (e.g. research community, EU projects, general public) and stakeholders. The objectives of the project’s communication and dissemination activities are to increase the awareness about the impact of Arctic changes on the weather and climate of the Northern Hemisphere. This will be achieved by the development of relevant forms of communication within and outside the EU to adequately disseminate results that could be used for either policy or socioeconomic actions and maximising exposure of the science produced and project results to end-users, stakeholders and the public at large. The communication and dissemination plan provides the framework for the development of this task during the project period, identifying and detailing target audiences, communication tools and channels, key messages and practical information. This plan will be revised and updated during the project lifetime in time for the project periodic reports.

The main objective of WP8: Clustering is to collaborate with the European and international community to link with relevant projects in the Arctic and align the project activities with other similar initiatives. One project of high relevance to APPLICATE is the Polar Prediction Project (PPP)1. The PPP was initiated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) within the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) with the aim to promote cooperative international research enabling development of improved weather and environmental prediction services for the polar regions, on time scales from hours to seasonal. The Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) is the flagship activity within PPP. Planning Workshops on Arctic Observations and on the YOPP Modelling Component were held at ECMWF in Reading, UK, on 5-9 September 2016. Beside APPLICATE, two more H2020 projects were represented at the workshops: INTAROS, Blue-Action. Another important international initiative represented at the workshops: INTAROS, Blue-Action. Another important international initiative represented and discussed at these meetings was MOSAiC.

The main objective of WP8: Clustering is to collaborate with the European and international community to link with relevant projects in the Arctic and align the project activities with other similar initiatives. The project Scientific Advisory Board (AB) plays an important role in clustering activities as it comprises internationally recognised external experts in the fields of dynamics and prediction of weather and climate and representatives of the different stakeholder groups relevant to APPLICATE. The AB will increase the international visibility of APPLICATE and strengthen the international collaboration in weather and climate predictions for the Northern Hemisphere as well as with other European initiatives and projects within this research area.

The main objective of WP8: Clustering is to collaborate with the European and international community to link with relevant projects in the Arctic and align the project activities with other similar initiatives. One project of high relevance to APPLICATE is the Polar Prediction Project (PPP)1. The PPP was initiated bythe World Meteorological Organization (WMO) within theWorld Weather Research Programme (WWRP) with the aim to promote cooperative international research enabling development of improved weather and environmentalprediction services for the polar regions, on time scales from hours to seasonal. The Year ofPolar Prediction (YOPP) is the flagship activity within PPP. Planning Workshops on Arctic Observations and on the YOPP ModellingComponent were held at ECMWF in Reading, UK, on 5-9 September 2016.Beside APPLICATE, two more H2020 projects were represented at the workshops: INTAROS, Blue-Action. Another important international initiative representedat the workshops: INTAROS, Blue-Action. Another important international initiative representedand discussed at these meetings was MOSAiC. &nbsp

Poster presentation at the conference Arctic Frontiers in Tromso, Norway

Poster presentation at the European Meteorological Society annual meeting in Dublin, Ireland

of the presentation given by Thomas Jung at the 2nd EU Climate Modelling "Workshop on Climate Prediction in the Atlantic-Arctic sector" in Bergen (NO), Jointly organised by the Bjerknes Climate Prediction Unit and the EU Modelling Cluster.

WP7: user engagement, dissemination and training, aims at increasing awareness of the impact of Arctic changes on weather and climate of the Northern Hemisphere by developing relevant forms of communication to spread the project results and maximise the impact and exposure of the science produced to end-users, policy makers and the public at large. To achieve this objective, WP7 has from the start of the project, developed several outreach materials as per deliverables D7.5 and D7.6. The WP will continuously update and add as relevant outreach materials targeted at various specific audiences that will be disseminated by the projects outreach team and its communication channels such as the project website and social media channels, by project partners on the occasion of seminars, conferences and at appropriate public exhibitions. Several dissemination materials have been developed as per deliverables D7.5 and D.7.6 and are maintained and available to stakeholders, the public and project partners to use through the project website and / or its internal document management system. These include: the project logo, the project website, social media channels (Facebook and Twitter), a project flyer/brochure, a rollup poster and an introductory presentation of the project, project poster,a newsletter and frostbytes videos. New additions since deliverable D7.6 in November 2017 include: - The project logo has been updated. - The project website has been updated. - Project publications library has been implemented. - Project flyer has been updated with projects highlights todate. - A project poster and template for use at conferences updated with project highlights todate. - Further important additions to the the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) blog, as a result of the APPLICATE partnership. - The third organised webinar in cooperation with the Association for Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) was given in early January 2018 by Doug Smith who talked about atmosphere-ocean interactions (WP3). - Form for collecting information on partners outreach activites has been initiated. - First newsletter published, June 2018. - You Tube channel with project related video material established - Project promotional video produced, October 2018 and first view during the Arctic Circle event. - Frostbite videos based on the summer training school produced and avialable on the project website and the project You Tube channel. Further dissemination materials will continuously be developed as needed throughout the project lifetime, tailored to specific end-user groups to disseminate project results, inform and impact stakeholders and policymakers and engage with end-users. Some foreseen materials are: a series of fact sheets, a series of policy briefs in cooperation with the EU project Blue-Action and the EU Arctic Cluster and an overview video.

The main objective of the APPLICATE project is to develop enhanced predictive capacity for weather and climate in the Arctic and beyond, and to determine the influence of Arctic climate change on the Northern Hemisphere. WP7 integrates three main areas of action: communication and dissemination of the project results, user engagement and training. All the activities will be carefully targeted to different groups of potential audiences (e.g. research community, EU projects, general public) and stakeholders. The objectives of the project’s communication and dissemination activities are to increase the awareness about the impact of Arctic changes on the weather and climate of the Northern Hemisphere. This will be achieved by the development of relevant forms of communication within and outside the EU to adequately disseminate results that could be used for either policy or socioeconomic actions and maximising exposure of the science produced and project results to end-users, stakeholders and the public at large. The communication and dissemination plan provides the framework for the development of this task during the project period, identifying and detailing target audiences, communication tools and channels, key messages and practical information. This plan will be revised and updated during the project lifetime in time for the project periodic reports.

Poster presentation at the conference Arctic Frontiers in Tromso, Norway

The main objective of WP8: Clustering is to collaborate with the European and international community to link with relevant projects in the Arctic and align the project activities with other similar initiatives. The project Scientific Advisory Board (AB) plays an important role in clustering activities as it comprises internationally recognised external experts in the fields of dynamics and prediction of weather and climate and representatives of the different stakeholder groups relevant to APPLICATE. The AB will increase the international visibility of APPLICATE and strengthen the international collaboration in weather and climate predictions for the Northern Hemisphere as well as with other European initiatives and projects within this research area.

The US CLIVAR Working Group on Arctic Change and Possible Influence on Mid-Latitude Climate and Weather has been established to further the understanding of the coupling between Arctic variability and mid-latitude climate and weather. Its aims relate strongly with those of APPLICATE WP3, i.e., to advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which mid-latitude weather and climate cold respond to Arctic climate change. The Working Group convened an international workshop at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, on 1-3 February 2017, to assemble experts across the fields of atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere sciences to assess the rapidly evolving state of understanding and to identify consensus on knowledge and gaps in research, and to develop specific actions to accelerate progress within the research community. APPLICATE coordinator Thomas Jung (AWI) and WP3-leader Doug Smith (MetOffice) participated in the workshop on behalf of the APPLICATE Consortium to strengthen the link with the working group and to gather recommendations for the WP3 numerical experimentation plan. The workshop found that our understanding of Arctic amplification (AA) is incomplete, Arctic- midlatitude linkages aren’t yet well understood, and observations and analysis are currently incomplete. Recommendations for the modelling community included the creation of a modelling task force to coordinate MIP experiments drawing from the initial planning and discussions of the US CLIVAR Working Group and planned modelling element of the European Horizon 2020 projects (APPLICATE, Blue Action, and PRIMAVERA).

The main objective of the APPLICATE project is to develop enhanced predictive capacity for weather and climate in the Arctic and beyond, and to determine the influence of Arctic climate change on the Northern Hemisphere. To produce usable and trustworthy predictive information for decision making, APPLICATE will actively engage with users, including policy makers, businesses and society within and outside the EU. Only by effectively exchanging information with stakeholders and co-developing knowledge, can we assure the stakeholder-relevance of the project results, which can then enhance their capacity to adapt to long-term climate change. The proactive dialogue with users will be performed using modern and interactive user engagement mechanisms that will be developed and maintained throughout the project. This updated plan describes already applied engagement approaches and activities, as well as those planned for the rest of the project. It provides a detailed description of the three main user categories defined by the project – key, primary and secondary. It builds around three main mechanisms of user engagement to be applied in the project: i) User Group involvement ii) Participation in meetings and organization of workshops, iii) Case studies development iv) User blog and interviews. In order to maximize the projects impact in a meaningful, direct and measurable way, specific users have been and will be targeted and involved through the projects User-Group. Further identification of project relevant users, to be consulted and impacted through case-studies and organised events, will be on going. Project impact on identified specific users will be measured through the stakeholder engagement and collected stakeholder feedback. In addition, different communication channels that are also being developed and maintained as a part of the project, including the project website, social media channels and project dissemination material, will enhance information exchange and knowledge transfer, presenting the first step towards user engagement and reaching a broad and diverse group of users.

Poster presentation at the European Meteorological Society annual meeting in Dublin, Ireland

The main objective of the APPLICATE project is to develop enhanced predictive capacity for weather and climate in the Arctic and beyond, and to determine the influence of Arctic climate change on the Northern Hemisphere. To produce usable and trustworthy predictive information for decision making, APPLICATE will actively engage with users, including policy makers, businesses and society within and outside the EU. Only by effectively exchanging information with stakeholders and co-developing knowledge, can we assure the stakeholder-relevance of the project results, which can then enhance their capacity to adapt to long-term climate change. The proactive dialogue with users will be performed using modern and interactive user engagement mechanisms that will be developed and maintained throughout the project. This updated plan describes already applied engagement approaches and activities, as well as those planned for the rest of the project. It provides a detailed description of the three main user categories defined by the project – key, primary and secondary. It builds around three main mechanisms of user engagement to be applied in the project: i) User Group involvement ii) Participation in meetings and organization of workshops, iii) Case studies development iv) User blog and interviews. In order to maximize the projects impact in a meaningful, direct and measurable way, specific users have been and will be targeted and involved through the projects User-Group. Further identification of project relevant users, to be consulted and impacted through case-studies and organised events, will be on going. Project impact on identified specific users will be measured through the stakeholder engagement and collected stakeholder feedback. In addition, different communication channels that are also being developed and maintained as a part of the project, including the project website, social media channels and project dissemination material, will enhance information exchange and knowledge transfer, presenting the first step towards user engagement and reaching a broad and diverse group of users.

WP7: user engagement, dissemination and training, aims at increasing awareness of the impact of Arctic changes on weather and climate of the Northern Hemisphere by developing relevant forms of communication to spread the project results and maximise the impact and exposure of the science produced to end-users, policy makers and the public at large. To achieve this objective, WP7 has from the start of the project, developed several outreach materials as per deliverables D7.5 and D7.6. The WP will continuously update and add as relevant outreach materials targeted at various specific audiences that will be disseminated by the projects outreach team and its communication channels such as the project website and social media channels, by project partners on the occasion of seminars, conferences and at appropriate public exhibitions. Several dissemination materials have been developed as per deliverables D7.5 and D.7.6 and are maintained and available to stakeholders, the public and project partners to use through the project website and / or its internal document management system. These include: the project logo, the project website, social media channels (Facebook and Twitter), a project flyer/brochure, a rollup poster and an introductory presentation of the project, project poster,a newsletter and frostbytes videos. New additions since deliverable D7.6 in November 2017 include: - The project logo has been updated. - The project website has been updated. - Project publications library has been implemented. - Project flyer has been updated with projects highlights todate. - A project poster and template for use at conferences updated with project highlights todate. - Further important additions to the the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) blog, as a result of the APPLICATE partnership. - The third organised webinar in cooperation with the Association for Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) was given in early January 2018 by Doug Smith who talked about atmosphere-ocean interactions (WP3). - Form for collecting information on partners outreach activites has been initiated. - First newsletter published, June 2018. - You Tube channel with project related video material established - Project promotional video produced, October 2018 and first view during the Arctic Circle event. - Frostbite videos based on the summer training school produced and avialable on the project website and the project You Tube channel. Further dissemination materials will continuously be developed as needed throughout the project lifetime, tailored to specific end-user groups to disseminate project results, inform and impact stakeholders and policymakers and engage with end-users. Some foreseen materials are: a series of fact sheets, a series of policy briefs in cooperation with the EU project Blue-Action and the EU Arctic Cluster and an overview video.

The US CLIVAR Working Group on Arctic Change and Possible Influence on Mid-Latitude Climate and Weather has been established to further the understanding of the coupling between Arctic variability and mid-latitude climate and weather. Its aims relate strongly with those of APPLICATE WP3, i.e., to advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which mid-latitude weather and climate cold respond to Arctic climate change. The Working Group convened an international workshop at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, on 1-3 February 2017, to assemble experts across the fields of atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere sciences to assess the rapidly evolving state of understanding and to identify consensus on knowledge and gaps in research, and to develop specific actions to accelerate progress within the research community. APPLICATE coordinator Thomas Jung (AWI) and WP3-leader Doug Smith (MetOffice) participated in the workshop on behalf of the APPLICATE Consortium to strengthen the link with the working group and to gather recommendations for the WP3 numerical experimentation plan. The workshop found that our understanding of Arctic amplification (AA) is incomplete, Arctic- midlatitude linkages aren’t yet well understood, and observations and analysis are currently incomplete. Recommendations for the modelling community included the creation of a modelling task force to coordinate MIP experiments drawing from the initial planning and discussions of the US CLIVAR Working Group and planned modelling element of the European Horizon 2020 projects (APPLICATE, Blue Action, and PRIMAVERA).