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511 results on '"Crea, Francesco"'

16. Tokamak, fusion reactor device: Welding and joining for plasma facing components

Author

Crea Francesco

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Nuclear fusion might be an unlimited, everywhere available source of energy for electrical production. Among the various machines designed and prototyped to demonstrate electricity production from nuclear fusion the tokamak is certainly the most promising. Tokamaks are complex devices, consisting of various components, which in turn are composed of many parts. This contribution reports on the joining and welding techniques used and specifically developed for the elements of a tokamak, with a focus on plasma facing components as the divertor targets.

Published
2024
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24. REST-dependent glioma progression occurs independently of the repression of the long non-coding RNA HAR1A.

Author

Waters, Ella, Pucci, Perla, Rahman, Ruman, Yatsyshyna, Anna P., Porter, Harry, Hirst, Mark, Gromnicova, Radka, Kraev, Igor, Mongiardini, Vera, Grimaldi, Benedetto, Golding, Jon, Fillmore, Helen L., Győrffy, Balázs, Gangadharannambiar, Priyadarsini, Velanis, Christos N., Heath, Christopher J., and Crea, Francesco

Subjects
GENE expression, LINCRNA, CANCER cell proliferation, GENE silencing, CELL morphology
Abstract

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), HAR1A is emerging as a putative tumour suppressor. In non-neoplastic brain cells, REST suppresses HAR1A expression. In gliomas REST acts as an oncogene and is a potential therapeutic target. It is therefore conceivable that REST promotes glioma progression by down-regulating HAR1A. To test this hypothesis, glioma clinical databases were analysed to study: (I) HAR1A/REST correlation; (II) HAR1A and REST prognostic role; (III) molecular pathways associated with these genes. HAR1A expression and subcellular localization were studied in glioblastoma and paediatric glioma cells. REST function was also studied in these cells, by observing the effects of gene silencing on: (I) HAR1A expression; (II) cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration; (III) expression of neural differentiation genes. The same phenotypes (and cell morphology) were studied in HAR1A overexpressing cells. Our results show that REST and HAR1A are negatively correlated in gliomas. Higher REST expression predicts worse prognosis in low-grade gliomas (the opposite is true for HAR1A). REST-silencing induces HAR1A upregulation. HAR1A is primarily detected in the nucleus. REST-silencing dramatically reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, but HAR1A overexpression has no major effect on investigated cell phenotypes. We also show that REST regulates the expression of neural differentiation genes and that its oncogenic function is primarily HAR1A-independent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. The third symposium on treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer: insights and future directions.

Author

Wang, Yuzhuo, Scurll, Joshua, Rascón, Itzel Astiazarán, Cui, Cassandra, Ni, Yuchao, Shi, Ace Mingchen, Gangadharannambiar, Priyadarsini, Wang, Yu, Akamatsu, Shusuke, Beltran, Himisha, Cox, Michael, Crea, Francesco, Daugaard, Mads, Dong, Xuesen, Haffner, Michael, He, Hansen, Jachetti, Elena, Kyprianou, Natasha, Li, Benyi, and Ong, Christopher E

Published
2024
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31. Both Maternal High-Fat and Post-Weaning High-Carbohydrate Diets Increase Rates of Spontaneous Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Aged-Mouse Offspring.

Author

Holt, Daniel, Contu, Laura, Wood, Alice, Chadwick, Hannah, Alborelli, Ilaria, Insilla, Andrea Cacciato, Crea, Francesco, and Hawkes, Cheryl A.

Abstract

Both maternal obesity and postnatal consumption of obesogenic diets contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is no consensus as to whether diets that are high in fat or carbohydrates/sugars differentially influence the development of HCC. Moreover, the long-term effects of prenatal HF exposure on HCC and whether this is influenced by postnatal diet has not yet been evaluated. C57BL/6 dams were fed either a low-fat, high-carbohydrate control (C) or low-carbohydrate, high-fat (HF) diet. At weaning, male and female offspring were fed the C or HF diet, generating four diet groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C and HF/HF. Tissues were collected at 16 months of age and livers were assessed for MASLD and HCC. Glucose regulation and pancreatic morphology were also evaluated. Liver tissues were assessed for markers of glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism and validated using a human HCC bioinformatic database. Both C/HF and HF/HF mice developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia and a greater degree of MASLD than C/C and HF/C offspring. However, despite significant liver and pancreas pathology, C/HF mice had the lowest incidence of HCC while tumour burden was highest in HF/C male offspring. The molecular profile of HCC mouse samples suggested an upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway and a downregulation of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, which was largely validated in the human dataset. Both pre-weaning HF diet exposure and post-weaning consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet increased the risk of developing spontaneous HCC in aged mice. However, the influence of pre-weaning HF feeding on HCC development appeared to be stronger in the context of post-weaning obesity. As rates of maternal obesity continue to rise, this has implications for the future incidence of HCC and possible dietary manipulation of offspring carbohydrate intake to counteract this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Prognostic, predictive significance and pathway insights.

Author

Smith, Kayleigh, Beach, Dan, Silva, Roger, Balazs, Gyorffy, Salani, Francesca, and Crea, Francesco

Subjects
HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma, MICRORNA, PROTEIN-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, GENETIC mutation, PROTEIN expression
Abstract

Robust prognostic and predictive factors for hepatocellular carcinoma, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, have not yet been identified. Previous studies have identified potential HCC determinants such as genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and pathway dysregulation. However, the clinical significance of these molecular alterations remains elusive. MicroRNAs are major regulators of protein expression. MiRNA functions are frequently altered in cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the prognostic value of differentially expressed miRNAs in HCC, to elucidate their associated pathways and their impact on treatment response. To this aim, bioinformatics techniques and clinical dataset analyses were employed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in HCC compared to normal hepatic tissue. We validated known associations and identified a novel miRNA signature with potential prognostic significance. Our comprehensive analysis identified new miRNA-targeted pathways and showed that some of these protein coding genes predict HCC patients' response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Biopolymeric Nanocomposites for CO 2 Capture.

Author

Cigala, Rosalia Maria, De Luca, Giovanna, Ielo, Ileana, and Crea, Francesco

Subjects
CARBON sequestration, GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, GREENHOUSE gases, CHEMICAL-looping combustion, NANOCOMPOSITE materials, EFFECT of human beings on climate change, MANUFACTURING processes
Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) impacts the greenhouse effect significantly and results in global warming, prompting urgent attention to climate change concerns. In response, CO2 capture has emerged as a crucial process to capture carbon produced in industrial and power processes before its release into the atmosphere. The main aim of CO2 capture is to mitigate the emissions of greenhouse gas and reduce the anthropogenic impact on climate change. Biopolymer nanocomposites offer a promising avenue for CO2 capture due to their renewable nature. These composites consist of biopolymers derived from biological sources and nanofillers like nanoparticles and nanotubes, enhancing the properties of the composite. Various biopolymers like chitosan, cellulose, carrageenan, and others, possessing unique functional groups, can interact with CO2 molecules. Nanofillers are incorporated to improve mechanical, thermal, and sorption properties, with materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metallic nanoparticles enhancing surface area and porosity. The CO2 capture mechanism within biopolymer nanocomposites involves physical absorption, chemisorption, and physisorption, driven by functional groups like amino and hydroxyl groups in the biopolymer matrix. The integration of nanofillers further boosts CO2 adsorption capacity by increasing surface area and porosity. Numerous advanced materials, including biopolymeric derivatives like cellulose, alginate, and chitosan, are developed for CO2 capture technology, offering accessibility and cost-effectiveness. This semi-systematic literature review focuses on recent studies involving biopolymer-based materials for CO2 capture, providing an overview of composite materials enriched with nanomaterials, specifically based on cellulose, alginate, chitosan, and carrageenan; the choice of these biopolymers is dictated by the lack of a literature perspective focused on a currently relevant topic such as these biorenewable resources in the framework of carbon capture. The production and efficacy of biopolymer-based adsorbents and membranes are examined, shedding light on potential trends in global CO2 capture technology enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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42. Integrated analysis of the prostate cancer small-nucleolar transcriptome reveals SNORA55 as a driver of prostate cancer progression

Author

Crea, Francesco, Quagliata, Luca, Michael, Agnieszka, Liu, Hui Hsuan, Frumento, Paolo, Azad, Arun A., Xue, Hui, Pikor, Larissa, Watahiki, Akira, Morant, Rudolf, Eppenberger-Castori, Serenella, Wang, Yuwei, Parolia, Abhijit, Lennox, Kim A., Lam, Wan L., Gleave, Martin, Chi, Kim N., Pandha, Hardev, Wang, Yuzhuo, and Helgason, Cheryl D.

Published
2016
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