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Attempting to encourage and retain male primary school teachers can lead to the 'glass escalator' phenomenon, the fast-tracked advancement that men receive in gender-atypical work. Currently, in primary schools, males are disproportionately represented in management positions making up 35% of senior staff, while conversely only making up 15% of the general teaching staff. This paper presents one main theme from current doctoral research exploring how the 'glass escalator' operates in English primary schools, presenting findings on gendered discourses on the role of 'promotion' for teachers. The identification of two conflicting views demonstrates a disparity between internal teaching pedagogies and external societal opinions upholding the 'glass escalator' phenomenon.

Bharat Venkat's book, "At the Limits of Cure," challenges the notion of a definitive cure for tuberculosis, highlighting the complexities and limitations of biomedical approaches. The book explores the historical, political, and economic contexts of TB, emphasizing structural factors over personal failures. Venkat's critique of "curative reason" calls for a reevaluation of how we conceptualize and approach cure, offering alternative perspectives on health and disease. The book blends ethnography, historiography, and philosophy of medicine to provide a nuanced understanding of TB and the global health landscape. [Extracted from the article]

The discovery of novel probiotic bacteria from free-ranging animals for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in domestic pets is a unique approach. The chloroform extraction of gastrointestinal (GI) tract material was used to inactivate vegetative cells and select for spore-forming bacteria. A bacterium identified as a novel Paenibacillus sp. strain via small ribosomal RNA (16S) gene sequencing was isolated from the GI tract of a gray wolf (Canis lupus). The bacterium was typed as Gram-variable, both catalase/oxidase-positive and positive via starch hydrolysis and lipase assays. The bacterium inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus. The draft whole genome sequence (WGS) assembly was 7,034,206 bp in length, encoding 6543 genes, and is similar in size and coding capacity to other closely related Paenibacillus spp. The isolate's genome encodes several germination and sporulation gene products along with antimicrobials such as a bacteriocin system and chitinase. Enzyme genes such as alpha amylase, cellulase, lipases and pectin lyase are also present in the genome. An incomplete lysogenic bacteriophage genome was also present in the isolate's genome. Phenotypic characteristics combined with a WGS genotype analysis indicate that this bacterium, designated Paenibacillus sp. ClWae2A, could be a potential candidate probiotic for domestic dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a detailed inspection of the deck panels of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge installed in 1982. The original cast-in-place concrete deck, constructed in 1962, was replaced with full-depth lightweight precast concrete deck panels that enabled rapid construction with minimal traffic disruption. The inspection of the Woodrow Wilson deck provides valuable information about the performance of the precast concrete panels, joints, and connections after 20 years of very harsh traffic loads and environmental stressors. The deck panels performed well overall, with the only serious problems at expansion and contraction joints. All of these joints exhibited cracking and rusting. The most prevalent type of cracking appeared to be due to restrained shrinkage between the new polymer concrete, the older precast panels, and the rigid steel joints. This location is more vulnerable to cracking and leaking because there is no prestress across the joint. The multilayered corrosion protection methods used for the transverse and longitudinal post-tensioning tendons were very successful. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000046 CE Database subject headings: Inspection; Lightweight concrete; Precast concrete; Post-tensioned concrete; Bridge decks; Panels; Bridges, highway; Virginia; Maryland.

In South Africa the racialized contours of economic life powerfully shape the distribution of who owns poultry enterprises, who is employed to labor in them, who consumes poultry products, and in which way. When, in late 2017, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) decimated the South African poultry sector, it revealed the ontological transformations of industrial egg‐laying poultry into "cull birds" and then into imileqwa, the quintessential rural chicken. It thus showed how distinct regimes of value "articulate," blurring infectious and noninfectious concerns as new chains of conversion were inaugurated across domestic and global economies. Thanks to the mediations performed by the network of egg‐laying chickens, (White) farmers, (Black African) consumers, and state veterinarians, translations of value take place in which industrialized egg‐layer chickens turn into socially enlivened beings. Such beings sustain and nurture social reproduction in South Africa's postapartheid cities and beyond. [zoonosis, value, human‐animal relations, global health, one health, race, urbanism, South Africa] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of telecommunications access and use among rural poor in South Africa in relation to their influence on rural inequalities and in enhancing livelihood sustainability is discussed.

The general objective of this research was tile construction and evaluation of a bridge using high-performance lightweight concrete (HPLWC). The resulting bridge over the Chickahominy River near Richmond, Va., consists of 15 prestressed American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Type IV girders made of HPLWC with a density of 1,920 kg/[m.sup.3] and a minimum required 28-day compressive strength of 55 MPa. The bridge also has a lightweight concrete (LWC) deck with a density of 1,850 kg/[m.sup.3] and a minimum required 28-day compressive strength of 30 MPa. This research study is chiefly concerned with investigating tile effects of using lightweight concrete in prestressed girders on transfer length, development length, flexural strength, girder live-load distribution factor, and dynamic load allowance. Transfer length was determined to be 432 mm, or 33 [d.sub.b], for several girders at the time of prestress transfer. The development length was determined to be between 1,830 and 2.440 ram, while the flexural strength ranged from 11 to 30% higher than tile AASHTO flexural capacity. The measured distribution factors and dynamic load allowance were smaller than the AASHTO standard and LRFD values. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2005) 19:2(146) CE Database subject headings: Bridge design Prestressed concrete; Lightweight concrete; High strength concretes; Load distribution; Flexural strength.

The Tom's Creek Bridge is a small-scale demonstration project involving the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite girders as the main load-carrying members. The project is intended to serve two purposes. First, by calculating bridge design parameters such as the dynamic load allowance, transverse wheel load distribution, and deflections under service loading, the Tom's Creek Bridge aids in modifying current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials bridge design standards for use with FRP composite materials. Second, by evaluating the FRP girders after exposure to service conditions, the project begins to answer questions about the long-term performance of these advanced composite material beams when used in bridge design. This paper details the in-service analysis of the Tom's Creek Bridge. Five load tests, at 6-month intervals, were conducted on the bridge. Using midspan strain and deflection data gathered from the FRP composite girders during these tests, the aforementioned bridge design parameters have been determined. The Tom's Creek Bridge was determined to have a maximum dynamic load allowance, IM, of 0.90, a transverse wheel load distribution factor, g, of 0.101, and a maximum deflection of L/490. Two bridge girders were removed from the Tom's Creek Bridge after 15 months of service loading. These FRP composite girders were tested at the Structures and Materials Research Laboratory at Virginia Tech for stiffness and ultimate strength and compared to preservice values for the same beams. These measurements indicate that, after 15 months of service, the FRP composite girders have not significantly changed in stiffness or ultimate moment capacity. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2004)18:3(147) CE Database subject headings: Composite materials; Fiber reinforced polymers; Beams, structural; Load distribution; Deflection; Bridge design; Rehabilitation; Virginia.

A live-load test was conducted on an in-service bridge containing flat precast concrete slabs. The purpose of the test was to evaluate transverse load distribution and efficiency of the longitudinal slab-to-slab joints. The precast slabs spanned 4.6 m (15 ft) and were 1.7 m (5.5 ft) wide. Slab-to-slab joints consisted of V-shaped interlocking shear keys. The live-load test measured vertical displacement of the slabs at several critical locations under a crawling (<5 mi/h) loaded dump truck. From the deflection data, joint efficiency and experimental distribution factors for moments (DFMs) were calculated. The test results demonstrated that the joints were no longer capable of distributing loads transversely, and each slab acted independently. Based on the test results, it is recommended that 0.55 should be the minimum distribution factor used when calculating moment demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental program investigating the behavior of single adhesive anchors embedded in precast concrete sandwich wall panel systems under tension loading. Variables included concrete thickness, concrete compressive strength, anchor diameter, and adhesive manufacturer. Anchors were embedded in the full thickness of the concrete member, and the effects of back-face blowout due to drilling were considered. The results showed that the concrete capacity design model with an effective embedment depth equal to the concrete layer thickness can be used to calculate the tensile capacity of adhesive anchors with full-thickness installation in thin concrete members. The average experimental-to-calculated ratio for the test program was 1.1 with a coefficient of variation of 0.2. Based on the experimental results, behavioral and design models are proposed. The proposed model results in levels of accuracy and variability that are consistent with other types of anchorage and the associated models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental program investigating the behavior of single screw and adhesive anchors embedded in thin concrete with full thickness embedment depth subjected to shear load toward the free edge. Variables included: concrete thickness, concrete compressive strength, anchor diameter, anchor type, and edge distance. Anchors were embedded through the full thickness of the concrete member and the effects of back-face blowout due to drilling were considered. Based on the experimental results of 149 tests, it was shown that concrete capacity design (CCD) method underestimates the shear capacity of the anchors. Application of the thickness modification factor from ACI 318-14 overcorrects for the conservatism in the CCD approach and can lead to unconservative calculated capacities. An alternative thickness modification factor is presented which results in more accurate calculations of shear capacity. Finally, a design model is proposed for shear capacity of a single anchor installed in thin uncracked concrete members with full thickness embedment. The design model is based on 5% fractile of the experimental capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is known for its high strength and advanced durability. Due to the unique formulation of this material, including a fine cementitious matrix and distributed steel fibers, UHPC displays different material behavior than conventional concrete. This paper examines the biaxial tension-compression behavior of UHPC using a novel biaxial test method and compares results to biaxial failure criterion of conventional concrete. A total of 62 specimens were tested to evaluate the effects of curing regimes and fiber orientations. While the compressive strength of UHPC increased significantly when steam treated, tensile strength did not increase to the same degree. Controlled fiber orientation provided more compressive stress resistance than random fiber orientation with the presence of increasing tensile stress. Comparing UHPC results to biaxial failure criterion recognized for conventional concrete, the Mohr-Coulomb biaxial failure criterion was shown to be a conservative model for UHPC for all fiber orientations and curing regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental program investigating the behavior of single screw anchors embedded in thin concrete members under tension loading. Variables included: concrete thickness, concrete compressive strength, anchor diameter, and anchor manufacturer. Anchors were embedded in the full thickness of the concrete member and the effects of back-face "blowout" due to drilling were considered. The results show that concrete strength, anchor diameter, and anchor brand have a statistically significant influence on the capacity of anchors embedded in 4 in. (102 mm) thick concrete. However, these factors make no significant difference to the capacity of screw anchors in 2 in. (51 mm) thick concrete members. Based on the experimental results, a behavioral and design models are proposed. These models use a reduced embedment depth to address the back-face concrete blowout due to drilling. The proposed model results in levels of accuracy and variability that are consistent with other types of anchorage and the associated models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]