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The purpose of this study was to explore how stereotypes affect physical performance in older adults. During Experiment 1, older adults were primed with objects representing aging stereotypes to determine whether these objects can activate stereotypes of aging. Results from the first part of this study provide evidence that certain material objects have implicit meaning and can activate stereotypes of aging. During Experiment 2, 96 community dwelling older adults were randomly assigned to one of three groups: exposure to positive stereotypes of aging ("n" = 32), exposure to negative stereotypes of aging ("n" = 32), or a neutral condition ("n" = 31). Gait speed, standing balance, and lower extremity muscle performance were tested before and after exposure to the objects. Results revealed no significant differences between those exposed to positive stereotypes, negative stereotypes, or the neutral condition. Physical performance was not affected by exposure to objects related to stereotypes of aging. Compared to lab settings where stereotypes are activated on a subliminal level, there may be multiple factors competing for the control of behavior when stereotypes are presented as objects, which may lessen the effect of stereotype activation on behavior. (Contains 5 tables.)

Background: Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is an increasingly used non-invasive tool to evaluate Crohn's disease (CD) activity. Recently, two IUS scores that evaluate inflammatory activity have emerged: the Simple Ultrasound Activity Score for CD (SUS-CD) and the International Bowel Ultrasound Segmental Activity Score (IBUS-SAS). We aimed to compare the accuracy of SUS-CD, IBUS-SAS and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in predicting inflammatory activity in the terminal ileum in ileocolonoscopy in CD patients. Methods: Retrospective study including all consecutive CD patients submitted to IUS with CEUS directed to the terminal ileum performed by a single operator between April 2016 and March 2020. Segmental SUS-CD and IBUS-SAS were calculated. A time-intensity curve of the contrast bowel wall enhancement was created with measurement of peak intensity using CEUS. The CD endoscopic activity in ileocolonoscopy was graded by Simple Endoscopic Score for CD (SES-CD) as inactive (SES-CD < 7) or active (SES-CD ≥ 7). Results: Fifty patients were included, 54.0% were female, with mean age of 34 ± 12 years, and most had isolated ileal disease (60.0%), and a nonstricturing, nonpenetrating behaviour (44.0%). Most of the patients (60.0%) had active endoscopic disease (SES-CD ≥ 7). SUS-CD and IBUS-SAS were not different between patients with active or inactive endoscopic disease (p = 0.15; 0.57, respectively), having a poor accuracy to correlate endoscopic activity (area under de curve (AUC) 0.62; 0.55, respectively). Peak intensity in CEUS was significantly different in patients with active or inactive endoscopic disease (p = 0.004), having a good accuracy to correlate endoscopic activity (AUC 0.80). Conclusion: Unlike CEUS, SUS-CD and IBUS-SAS were not able to accurately correlate endoscopic activity in terminal ileum in CD. Therefore, CEUS is a non-invasive emerging method that should be increasingly integrated in the ultrasonographic evaluation of CD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes recent trends that have led to an emphasis on a learner-centered approach to gerontology and geriatrics education especially in distance-based education. A learner-centered approach to education has combined with technological advances to stimulate distance-enhanced education for students in geriatric and gerontology programs. The technological advances, especially the Internet, that have enhanced the capacity of educational programs to involve students in the learning process even though separated from the instructor by time and distance, are discussed. In response to the needs of health care professionals who were seeking to enhance their skills in research, education, and leadership in their respective professions, including gerontology, the learner-centered Doctoral Program in Health-Related Sciences (DPHRS) was established in the School of Allied Health Professions of Virginia Commonwealth University. The specifics of this distance-enhanced, learner-centered program are described. The article ends with strategies for encouraging a learner-centered experience with special focus on distance-based education. (Contains 1 table.)

This paper describes a Geriatric Health Professionals Mentoring Program designed to address recruitment and retention of health professionals in geriatrics and gerontology. The training provided information on the mentoring process, negotiating mentoring agreements, and coaching mentees. The evaluative framework described examines: (a) the effects of mentoring, (b) reactions of mentors and mentees, and (c) the effect of intervening variables. Trained mentors expressed satisfaction with the program and were comfortable about general mentoring but less confident about specific guidance for mentees. A cadre of mentors can be successfully trained to assist geriatric health professionals to better care for older Americans.

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, examines the presence of residual malignant disease in surgical specimens after the endoscopic removal of a malignant polyp without endoscopic cure. The study included 74 patients who underwent surgery after the removal of a malignant polyp. The results showed that a minority of patients had residual malignant disease in the surgical specimen, with a higher risk for those with polyps with a flat component or those that were removed using piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). The study highlights the importance of careful evaluation of the polyp before removal and the need for removal in one fragment, especially in cases of suspected submucosal invasion. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a case of a 78-year-old male who presented with fatigue and melena (dark, tarry stools), which required a blood transfusion. Initial endoscopies were inconclusive, so a capsule endoscopy was performed, revealing an active bleeding site in the jejunum (part of the small intestine). Device-assisted enteroscopy confirmed a mid-jejunum Dieulafoy's lesion, a rare condition characterized by an abnormally large artery in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause severe bleeding. The lesion was initially managed with clips, but further bleeding required additional interventions, including adrenaline injection, more clips, and sclerotherapy. The authors emphasize the importance of capsule endoscopy followed by purposeful multimodal therapeutic intervention in cases of jejunal Dieulafoy's lesions. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, explores the predictors of achieving endoscopic cure for malignant colorectal polyps. The study analyzed 3736 endoscopic polyp resection procedures and found that polyps classified as 0-Ip according to the Paris classification had a significant association with endoscopic cure. These polyps were mostly located in the left colon and had a cure rate of 51.4%. On the other hand, polyps located in the rectum or with signs of submucosal invasion had lower cure rates. The study suggests that advanced techniques may be necessary for achieving endoscopic cure in challenging cases. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, examines the outcomes of patients with malignant polyps that were not successfully treated through endoscopy. The study included 80 patients who had undergone endoscopic removal of a malignant polyp, with 49 of them not achieving endoscopic cure. Factors such as age and comorbidities influenced the decision of whether to proceed with surgery or surveillance. The study found that in patients with older age and multiple comorbidities, surveillance was a suitable approach that did not compromise oncologic outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the challenges of performing colonoscopies in octogenarians and older patients due to difficulties with bowel preparation. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of using 1L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (1L PEG+ASC) for bowel preparation in this population. The study included 423 patients aged 80 to 95 years who underwent colonoscopy in Spain and Portugal. The results showed that 1L PEG+ASC was highly effective and well tolerated, with over half of the patients achieving high-quality colon cleansing. The study also reported a cecal intubation rate of 94.9% and polyp detection rates of 45.6% in the total colon and 26.7% in the right colon. The incidence of adverse events was low, with dehydration and nausea being the most commonly reported. Overall, these findings suggest that 1L PEG+ASC is a viable option for bowel preparation in older patients undergoing colonoscopy. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, examines the incidence and risk factors for metachronous gastric lesions (MGL) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial gastric neoplasms (SGN). The study included 137 adult patients who underwent gastric ESD for SGN and had at least one follow-up upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The incidence of MGL was found to be 13.1% after a median follow-up duration of 9 months. Active smoking and intestinal metaplasia of the gastric corpus were identified as independent risk factors for the development of MGL. The authors suggest that identifying these risk factors can help tailor appropriate post-ESD endoscopic follow-up and optimize hospital resources. [Extracted from the article]