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2. An optically dark merging system at z ∼ 6 detected by JWST.

Author

Rodighiero, G., Enia, A., Bisigello, L., Girardi, G., Gandolfi, G., Kohandel, M., Pallottini, A., Badinelli, N., Grazian, A., Ferrara, A., Vulcani, B., Bianchetti, A., Marasco, A., Sinigaglia, F., Castellano, M., Santini, P., Cassata, P., Corsini, E. M., and Gruppioni, C.

Subjects
GALACTIC evolution, INTERSTELLAR medium, STELLAR mass, GALAXY clusters, GALACTIC redshift
Abstract

Context. Near- to mid-infrared observations (from Spitzer and JWST) have revealed a hidden population of galaxies at redshift z = 3 − 6 called optically dark objects, which are believed to be massive and dusty star-formers. They contribute substantially to the cosmic star-formation rate (SFR) density at z ∼ 4 − 5 (up to 30 − 40%). Aims. While optically dark sources are widely recognized as a significant component of the stellar mass function, the history of their stellar mass assembly (and the evolution of their interstellar medium) remains unexplored. However, they are thought to be the progenitors of the more massive early-type galaxies found in present-day groups and clusters. It is thus important to examine the possible connection between dark sources and merging events in order to understand the environment in which they live. Methods. Here, we report our search for close companions in a sample of 19 optically-dark objects identified in the SMACS0723 JWST deep field. They were selected in the NIRCam F444W band and undetected below 2 μm. We restricted our analysis to the reddest (i.e., F277W–F444W > 1.3) and brightest (F444W < 26 mag) objects. Results. We identified KLAMA, an optically dark source showing a very close companion (angular distance < 0.5″). The spatially resolved SED fitting procedure indicates that all components lying within 1.5″ of who is it the dark source are indeed at z ∼ 5.7. Tidal features (leading to a whale-shaped morphology) corroborate the hypothesis that KLAMA is the most massive (log(M⋆/M⊙) > 10.3) and dusty (AV ∼ 3 at the core) system of an ongoing merger with a mass ratio of ∼10. Thus, around ten similar merger events would be required to double the stellar mass of KLAMA. Merging systems with properties similar to KLAMA are identified in the SERRA simulations, allowing us to reconstruct their stellar-mass assembly history and predict their molecular gas properties (in particular, the [CII] emission for the simulated system). Conclusions. The discovery of mergers within dark galaxies at the end of the Epoch of Reionization highlights the importance of conducting a statistical search for additional candidates in deep NIRCam fields. Such research will aid in our understanding of the significance of merging processes during the obscured phase of stellar-mass accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Near-infrared spectroscopic indices for unresolved stellar populations. III. Composite indices definition as age and metallicity tracers and model comparison.

Author

Gasparri, D, Morelli, L, Cuomo, V, Ivanov, V D, Pizzella, A, François, P, Coccato, L, Corsini, E M, Costantin, L, Dalla Bontà, E, Méndez-Abreu, J, and Aguerri, J A L

Subjects
STELLAR populations, GALACTIC evolution, GALAXY formation, GALAXIES, DEFINITIONS
Abstract

Recent advances in the stellar population studies of unresolved galaxies in the NIR domain demonstrated that it contains several line-strength indices to be potentially used as diagnostics for stellar population properties. Reduction of the extinction and possibility to disentangle different stellar populations dominating different spectral ranges are obviously beneficial. To this aim, we have investigated the connections between 19 Lick/IDS indices and 39 NIR indices measured in the central regions of 32 galaxies observed with X-shooter. We adopted a systematic approach to deriving a correlation matrix using all the optical and NIR indices measured for the galaxies and building new NIR composite indices to maximize their correlations with the best age and metallicity optical tracers. We found that the new T1 and [AlFeCr] composite indices are promising age and metallicity diagnostics in NIR, respectively. We finally tested the T1 and [AlFeCr] indices with the predictions of simple stellar populations models, and we found that the models show a general agreement with the data. Some fine tuning and further comparison between models and data, which are now largely available, is necessary to reach the prediction level of the optical line-strength indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Characterization of Herschel-selected strong lens candidates through HST and sub-mm/mm observations.

Author

Borsato, E, Marchetti, L, Negrello, M, Corsini, E M, Wake, D, Amvrosiadis, A, Baker, A J, Bakx, T J L C, Beelen, A, Berta, S, Beyer, A, Clements, D L, Cooray, A, Cox, P, Dannerbauer, H, de Zotti, G, Dye, S, Eales, S A, Enia, A, and Farrah, D

Subjects
GALAXY clusters, STELLAR mass, SPACE telescopes, INSPECTION & review, ACTINIC flux, SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
Abstract

We have carried out Hubble Space Telescope (HST) snapshot observations at 1.1 μm of 281 candidate strongly lensed galaxies identified in the wide-area extragalactic surveys conducted with the Herschel Space Observatory. Our candidates comprise systems with flux densities at |$500\, \mu$| m, S 500 ≥ 80 mJy. We model and subtract the surface brightness distribution for 130 systems, where we identify a candidate for the foreground lens candidate. After combining visual inspection, archival high-resolution observations, and lens subtraction, we divide the systems into different classes according to their lensing likelihood. We confirm 65 systems to be lensed. Of these, 30 are new discoveries. We successfully perform lens modelling and source reconstruction on 23 systems, where the foreground lenses are isolated galaxies and the background sources are detected in the HST images. All the systems are successfully modelled as a singular isothermal ellipsoid. The Einstein radii of the lenses and the magnifications of the background sources are consistent with previous studies. However, the background source circularized radii (between 0.34 and 1.30 kpc) are ∼3 times smaller than the ones measured in the sub-millimetre/millimetre for a similarly selected and partially overlapping sample. We compare our lenses with those in the Sloan Lens Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Survey confirming that our lens-independent selection is more effective at picking up fainter and diffuse galaxies and group lenses. This sample represents the first step towards characterizing the near-infrared properties and stellar masses of the gravitationally lensed dusty star-forming galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. SCCS OPINION on water-soluble zinc salts used in oral hygiene products - Submission II - SCCS/1657/23 - Preliminary version

Author

Bernauer, U., Bodin, L., Chaudhry, Q., Coenraads, P.J., Dusinska, M., Ezendam, J., Gaffet, E., Galli, C. L., Panteri, E., Rogiers, V., Rousselle, Ch., Stepnik, M., Vanhaecke, T., Wijnhoven, S., Benfentati, E., Cabaton, N., Corsini, E., Koutsodimou, A., Louro, H., Uter, W., Goetz, N. Von, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
SCCS, zinc acetate CAS: 557-34-6 EC: 209-170-2, zinc chloride CAS: 7646-85-7 EC: 231-592-0, zinc gluconate CAS: 4468-02-4 EC, Regulation 1223/2009, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], water-soluble zinc salts, zinc sulphate/zinc sulphate monohydrate/zinc sulphate heptahydrate CAS: 7733-02-0/7446-19-7/7446-20-0 EC, oral hygiene products, zinc citrate CAS: 546-46-3 EC, SCCS/1586/17, scientific opinion
Abstract

International audience; SCCS OPINION on water-soluble zinc salts used in oral hygiene products - Submission II - SCCS/1657/23 - Preliminary versionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this Opinion by written procedure on 3 July 2023 (23 pages)Mise en ligne : 4 July 2023https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/water-soluble-zinc-salts-used-oral-hygiene-products-submission-ii_enhttps://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-07/sccs_o_279.pdfDetailsPublication date : 4 July 2023Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin (Rapporteur), Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzContact: SANTE-SCCS@ec.europa.euOn request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1657/23Adopted on: 3 July 2023Conclusion of the opinion:In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the aggregate exposure (including diet) and the concerns on the Tolerable Daily Upper Intake,(1) Does the SCCS consider that water soluble zinc salts are safe up to 1 % (as zinc) in toothpaste and 0.1% (as zinc) in mouthwash, for both adults and children? If not, the SCCS is requested to provide safe concentrations for each age group.The SCCS has calculated aggregate exposure to water-soluble zinc salts via toothpaste at the concentrations of 1% and from diet and concluded that the use of zinc in toothpaste is safe per se except for children under the age of 1 year because the intake exceeds the upper limit level. For children up to 1 year of age, the SCCS recommends a safe concentration of 0.72% for soluble zinc salts (as zinc) in toothpaste.The inclusion of zinc in mouthwash at 0.1% Zn is considered safe across all age groups.(2) Does the SCCS consider that the contribution of the cosmetic products among the overall/total exposure to zinc is still of concern?/SCCS, scientific opinion, water-soluble zinc salts, oral hygiene products, zinc acetate CAS: 557-34-6 EC: 209-170-2, zinc chloride CAS: 7646-85-7 EC: 231-592-0, zinc gluconate CAS: 4468-02-4 EC:/, zinc citrate CAS: 546-46-3 EC:/, zinc sulphate/zinc sulphate monohydrate/zinc sulphate heptahydrate CAS: 7733-02-0/7446-19-7/7446-20-0 EC:/, SCCS/1586/17, Regulation 1223/2009Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Opinion on water-soluble zinc salts used in oral hygiene products - Submission II, preliminary version adopted on 3 July 2023, SCCS/1657/23.

Published
2023

8. SCCS OPINION on benzyl salicylate (CAS No. 118-58-1, EC No. 204-262-9) _ SCCS/1656/23– Preliminary Opinion

Author

Bernauer, U., Bodin, L., Chaudhry, Q., Coenraads, P.J., Dusinska, M., Ezendam, J., Gaffet, E., Galli, C. L., Panteri, E., Rogiers, V., Rousselle, Ch., Stepnik, M., Vanhaecke, T., Wijnhoven, S., Benfentati, E., Cabaton, N., Corsini, E., Koutsodimou, A., Louro, H., Uter, W., Goetz, N. Von, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS, EC)

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], SCCS, scientific opinion, benzyl salicylate, Regulation 1223/2009, CAS No. 118-58-1, EC No. 204-262-9
Abstract

International audience; SCCS OPINION on benzyl salicylate (CAS No. 118-58-1, EC No. 204-262-9) _ SCCS/1656/23– Preliminary OpinionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this document during its plenary meeting on 6-7 June 2023 2023 (68 Pages)Mise en ligne : 13 Juin 2023 https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/benzyl-salicylate-cas-no-118-58-1-ec-no-204-262-9_enhttps://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-06/sccs_o_277.pdfDetailsPublication date : 13 June 2023Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle (Rapporteur), M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton (Rapporteur), E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzContact: SANTE-SCCS@ec.europa.euOn request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1656/23Adopted on: 6-7 June 2023Conclusion of the opinion:(1) In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of Benzyl Salicylate, does the SCCS consider Benzyl Salicylate safe when used up to the maximum concentrations provided in the dossier submission by the Benzyl Salicylate Consortium?Based on the data provided and assessed and taking under consideration the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties, the SCCS considers Benzyl Salicylate safe when used up to the maximum concentrations provided in Table 1 of this Opinion.(2) Alternatively, what is according to the SCCS the maximum concentration considered safe for use of Benzyl Salicylate in cosmetic products?/(3) Does the SCCS have any further scientific concerns with regard to the use of Benzyl Salicylate in cosmetic products?The available data on Benzyl Salicylate provide some indications for an endocrine mode of action, but there is no evidence that this results in potential endocrine effects.The SCCS mandates do not address environmental aspects. Therefore, this assessment did not cover the safety of Benzyl Salicylate for the environment.Keywords:SCCS, scientific opinion, benzyl salicylate, Regulation 1223/2009, CAS No. 118-58-1, EC No. 204-262-9Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Opinion on benzyl salicylate (CAS No. 118-58-1, EC No. 204-262-9), preliminary version of 6-7 June 2023, SCCS/1656/23.

Published
2023

9. SCCS OPINION on salicylic acid (CAS No. 69-72-7, EC No. 200-712-3) - SCCS/1646/22– Final Opiinion

Author

Bernauer, U., Bodin, L., Chaudhry, Q., Coenraads, P.J., Dusinska, M., Ezendam, J., Gaffet, E., Galli, C. L., Panteri, E., Rogiers, V., Rousselle, Ch., Stepnik, M., Vanhaecke, T., Wijnhoven, S., Benfentati, E., Cabaton, N., Corsini, E., Koutsodimou, A., Louro, H., Uter, W., Goetz, N. Von, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS, EC)

Subjects
SCCS, Regulation 1223/2009, salicylic acid, CAS No. 69-72-7, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], EC No. 200-712-3, scientific opinion
Abstract

International audience; SCCS OPINION on salicylic acid (CAS No. 69-72-7, EC No. 200-712-3) - SCCS/1646/22– Final OpiinionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this document at its plenary meeting on 6 June 2023 (75 Pages)Mise en ligne : 9 Juin 2023https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/salicylic-acid-cas-no-69-72-7-ec-no-200-712-3_enhttps://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-06/sccs_o_268.pdfDetailsPublication date : 9 June 2023Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C.L. Galli, E. Panteri (Rapporteur), V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: E. Benfenati, N. Cabaton (Rapporteur), E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzContact:SANTE-SCCS@ec.europa.euOn request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1646/22Adopted on: 6-7 June 2023Conclusion of the opinion:(1) In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of Salicylic acid,a) does the SCCS consider Salicylic acid safe when used as a preservative in cosmetic products up to a maximum concentration of 0.5%?Based on the safety assessment carried out in consideration of all available information, including the potential endocrine effects:- the SCCS is of the opinion that salicylic acid (CAS 69-72-7) is safe when used as preservative at a concentration of 0.5 % in cosmetic products, considering its current restrictions in place. The provided information shows that salicylic acid is an eye irritant with the potential to cause serious damage to the eye.- this Opinion is not applicable to any sprayable product (including mouth spray) that may lead to exposure of end-user’s lungs by inhalation.b) does the SCCS consider Salicylic acid safe when used in cosmetic for purposes other than inhibiting the development of micro-organisms at a concentration up to:i. 3.0% for the cosmetic rinse-off hair products,ii. 2.0% for other products except body lotion, eye shadow, mascara, eyeliner, lipstick, non-spray deodorant, andiii. 0.5% for body lotion, eye shadow, mascara, eyeliner, lipstick, oral products and non-spray deodorantThe SCCS assessment has shown that:The use of salicylic acid as a restricted ingredient for purposes other than inhibiting the development of micro-organisms is safe at a concentration:- up to 3.0 % for the cosmetic rinse-off hair products,- up to 2.0 % for other products, except body lotion, eye shadow, mascara, eyeliner, lipstick, non-spray deodorant, and- up to 0.5% for body lotion, eye shadow, mascara, eyeliner, lipstick, oral products and non-spray deodorant.This Opinion is not applicable to any sprayable product (including mouth spray) that may lead to exposure of end-user’s lungs by inhalation.(2) Alternatively, what is according to the SCCS the maximum concentration considered safe for use of Salicylic acid in cosmetic products? / (3) Does the SCCS have any further scientific concerns with regard to the use of Salicylic acid in cosmetic products? In the absence of exposure data of Salicylic acid in cosmetic products for children, safety concerns have been noted for the younger age groups (between 3-10 years).Since the Cosmetic Regulation does not allow the use of salicylic acid in products for children under 3 years of age, this age category has not been considered in this Opinion.The conclusions of this Opinion refer only to Salicylic Acid as a cosmetic ingredient and not to other salicylates or salicylic acid salts.Keywords:SCCS, scientific opinion, salicylic acid, Regulation 1223/2009, CAS No. 69-72-7, EC No. 200-712-3Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Opinion on salicylic acid (CAS No. 69-72-7, EC No. 200-712-3), preliminary version of 14 December 2022, final version of 6-7 June 2023, SCCS/1646/22.

Published
2023

10. SCCS OPINION on Butylparaben (CAS No. 94-26-8, EC No. 202-318-7) - SCCS/1651/23– Preliminary Opinion

Author

Bernauer, U., Bodin, L., Chaudhry, Q., Coenraads, P.J., Dusinska, M., Ezendam, J., Gaffet, E., Galli, C. L., Panteri, E., Rogiers, V., Rousselle, Ch., Stepnik, M., Vanhaecke, T., Wijnhoven, S., Benfentati, E., Cabaton, N., Corsini, E., Koutsodimou, A., Louro, H., Uter, W., Goetz, N. Von, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS, EC)

Subjects
SCCS, Regulation 1223/2009, preservative, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], butylparaben, EC No. 202-318-7, scientific opinion, CAS No. 94-26-8
Abstract

International audience; SCCS OPINION on Butylparaben (CAS No. 94-26-8, EC No. 202-318-7) - SCCS/1651/23– Preliminary OpinionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this document during its plenary meeting on 6-7 June 2023 2023 (136 pages)Mise en ligne : 8 Juin 2023https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/butylparaben-cas-no-94-26-8-ec-no-202-318-7_enhttps://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-06/sccs_o_275.pdfDetailsPublication date : 8 June 2023Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin (Rapporteur), Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers (Rapporteur), Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzContact: SANTE-SCCS@ec.europa.euOn request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1651/23Adopted on: 6-7 June 2023Conclusion of the opinion:(1) In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of Butylparaben, does the SCCS consider Butylparaben safe when used as a preservative in cosmetic products up to a maximum concentration of 0.14 %?On the basis of safety assessment considering all available data and the concerns related to endocrine activity, the SCCS is of the opinion that the use of Butylparaben as a preservative in cosmetic products at concentrations of up to 0.14% (expressed as acid) is safe.(2) Alternatively, what is according to the SCCS the maximum concentration considered safe for use of Butylparaben as a preservative in cosmetic products?/(3) Does the SCCS have any further scientific concerns with regard to the use of Butylparaben in cosmetic products?In the absence of solid exposure data for children to Butylparaben in cosmetic products, potential safety concerns have been noted by the SCCS.The SCCS mandates do not address environmental aspects. Therefore, this assessment did not cover the safety of Butylparaben for the environment.Keywords:SCCS, scientific opinion, butylparaben, preservative, Regulation 1223/2009, CAS No. 94-26-8, EC No. 202-318-7Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Opinion on butylparaben (CAS No. 94-26-8, EC No. 202-318-7), preliminary version of 6-7 June 2023, SCCS/1651/23.

Published
2023

11. SCCS OPINION on Methylparaben (CAS No. 99-76-3, EC No. 202-785-7) - SCCS/1652/23– Preliminary Opinion

Author

Bernauer, U., Bodin, L., Chaudhry, Q., Coenraads, P.J., Dusinska, M., Ezendam, J., Gaffet, E., Galli, C. L., Panteri, E., Rogiers, V., Rousselle, Ch., Stepnik, M., Vanhaecke, T., Wijnhoven, S., Benfentati, E., Cabaton, N., Corsini, E., Koutsodimou, A., Louro, H., Uter, W., Goetz, N. Von, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS, EC)

Subjects
SCCS, methylparaben, Regulation 1223/2009, preservative, EC No. 202-785-7, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], CAS No. 99-76-3, scientific opinion
Abstract

International audience; SCCS OPINION on Methylparaben (CAS No. 99-76-3, EC No. 202-785-7) - SCCS/1652/23– Preliminary OpinionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this document during its plenary meeting on 6-7 June 2023 2023 (95 pages)Mise en ligne : 8 Juin 2023https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/methylparaben-cas-no-99-76-3-ec-no-202-785-7_enhttps://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-06/sccs_o_276.pdfDetailsPublication date : 8 June 2023Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer (Rapporteur), L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam (Rapporteur), E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzContact: SANTE-SCCS@ec.europa.euOn request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1652/23Adopted on: 6-7 June 2023Conclusion of the opinion:(1) In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of Methylparaben, does the SCCS consider Methylparaben safe when used as a preservative in cosmetic products up to a maximum concentration of 0.4% (as acid) when used on its own and up to 0.8% (as acid) for mixtures of esters as indicated in entry 12 of Annex V to the Cosmetics Regulation?On the basis of the safety assessment of Methylparaben, and considering the concerns related to potential endocrine activity, the SCCS has concluded that Methylparaben is safe when used as a preservative in cosmetic products up to a maximum concentration of 0.4% (as acid) when used on its own and up to 0.8% (as acid) for mixtures of esters as indicated in entry 12 of Annex V to the Cosmetics Regulation.(2) Alternatively, what is according to the SCCS the maximum concentration considered safe for use of Methylparaben as a preservative in cosmetic products?/(3) Does the SCCS have any further scientific concerns with regard to the use of Methylparaben in cosmetic products?The SCCS mandates do not address environmental aspects. Therefore, this assessment did not cover the safety of Methylparaben for the environment.Keywords:SCCS, scientific opinion, methylparaben, preservative, Regulation 1223/2009, CAS No. 99-76-3, EC No. 202-785-7Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Opinion on Methylparaben (CAS No. 99-76-3, EC No. 202-785-7), preliminary version of 6-7 June 2023, SCCS/1652/23.

Published
2023

12. The SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and their Safety Evaluation- 12th Revision - SCCS/1647/22

Author

Bernauer, U., Bodin, L., Chaudhry, Q., Coenraads, P.J., Dusinska, M., Ezendam, J., Gaffet, E., Galli, C. L., Panteri, E., Rogiers, V., Rousselle, Ch., Stepnik, M., Vanhaecke, T., Wijnhoven, S., Benfentati, E., Cabaton, N., Corsini, E., Koutsodimou, A., Louro, H., Uter, W., Goetz, N. Von, Krätke, R., CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS, EC)

Subjects
SCCS, SCCS/1647/22, 12th revision, SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and their Safety Evaluation, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Abstract

International audience; The SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and their Safety Evaluation- 12th Revision - SCCS/1647/22U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von Goetz, R. KrätkeThe SCCS adopted this guidance document by written procedure on 15 May 2023 (203 Pages)Mise en ligne : 16 May 2023https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/sccs-notes-guidance-testing-cosmetic-ingredients-and-their-safety-evaluation-12th-revision_enDetailsPublication date : 16 May 2023Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers (Rapporteur), Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCHEER member: R. KrätkeSCCS external experts: E. Benfenati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzContact: SANTE-SCCS@ec.europa.euOn request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1647/22Adopted on: 15 May 2023Conclusion of the opinion:The NoG have been revised and updated with emphasis on the following:• Importance of systematic literature review• Updating of animal-free alternative methods: NAM (New Approach Methodology), changes introduced for acute inhalation, skin irritation testing, eye irritation testing with DAL (Defined Approach for eye irritation, Liquid), DASS (Defined Approaches for Skin Sensitisation), new in vitro methods for genotoxicity testing (3D skin Comet; in vitro micronucleus)• Importance of AOP (Adverse Outcome Pathway), DAs (Defined Approaches), IATA (Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment), NGRA (Next Generation Risk Assessment) with definition of BER (Bioactivity/Exposure Ratio), TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern), iTTC (internal TTC)• Updating of in silico prediction possibilities• Exposure data reviewed (models, parameters specific for inhalation, aggregate exposure)• Exposure of children to different cosmetic product categories according to age• Sun protection by sunscreen products: rationale behind exposure data• Human biomonitoring (HBM) and differences with SCCS approach for risk assessment• CMRs reporting requirements• Endocrine active substances, introduction of non-monotonic dose response, reporting requirements• Templates for PBTK (Physiologically Based ToxicoKinetics) model description and parameter verification and analysisKeywords: SCCS, SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and their Safety Evaluation, 12th revision, SCCS/1647/22Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and their Safety Evaluation 12th revision, 15 May 2023, SCCS/1647/22.

Published
2023

13. SCIENTIFIC ADVICE – children exposure on Methyl salicylate,(methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate) - SCCS/1654/23 - Preliminary version

Author

Bernauer, U., Bodin, L., Chaudhry, Q., Coenraads, P.J., Dusinska, M., Gaffet, E., Galli, C. L., Panteri, E., Rogiers, V., Rousselle, Ch., Stepnik, M., Vanhaecke, T., Wijnhoven, S., Benfentati, E., Cabaton, N., Corsini, E., Koutsodimou, A., Louro, H., Uter, W., Goetz, N. Von, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS, EC)

Subjects
SCCS, methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, Regulation 1223/2009, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], children exposure, scientific advice, methyl salicylate
Abstract

International audience; SCIENTIFIC ADVICE – children exposure on Methyl salicylate,(methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate) - SCCS/1654/23 - Preliminary versionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this document by written procedure on 15 May 2023 (22 Pages)Mise en ligne : 16 May 2023https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/sccs-scientific-advice-children-exposure-methyl-salicylate-methyl-2-hydroxybenzoate_enhttps://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/sccs_o_274.pdfDetailsPublication date : 16 May 2023Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), M. Dusinska, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle (Rapporteur), M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: E. Benfenati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzContact: SANTE-SCCS@ec.europa.euOn request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1654/23Adopted on: 16 May 2023Conclusion of the opinion:In the SCCS/1633/21 Opinion, the Committee concluded that Methyl Salicylate in toothpaste is safe for children under 6 years of age when used up to the maximum concentration of 2.52%.(1) In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the conclusions of SCCS/1633/21 and the aggregate exposure, does the SCCS consider Methyl Salicylate safe for children of age 0-3, when used up to a maximum concentration of 0.02% in all of the currently regulated cosmetic products included in Table 1 (except toothpaste in which up to 2.52% can be used)?In view of the conclusions of SCCS/1633/21 and the aggregate exposure, the SCCS considers the use of Methyl Salicylate as safe in cosmetic products intended for children of age 0.5-3 years when used up to a maximum concentration of 0.02% in shower gel, hand soap, shampoo, body lotion, face cream, hand cream, lip products. For toothpaste up to a maximum concentration of 2.52% methyl salicylate is considered safe.As no specific data were provided by the applicant for children below 6 months, the SCCS has not considered this age category in this safety assessment.(2) In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the conclusions of SCCS/1633/21 and the aggregate exposure, does the SCCS consider Methyl Salicylate safe for children of age 3-6, when used up to the allowed maximum concentrations for each of the currently regulated cosmetic products included in Table 1 (except toothpaste in which up to 2.52% can be used)?In Annex-1 of this Opinion, the SCCS has noted the basis for concerns over risks that the use of fullerenes, hydroxylated fullerenes and hydrated forms of hydroxylated fullerenes in cosmetic products may pose to the consumer. In brief, the SCCS has a concern in regard to:In view of the conclusions of SCCS/1633/21 and the aggregate exposure, the SCCS considers the use of Methyl Salicylate as safe in cosmetic products intended for children of age 3-6 years, when used up to a maximum concentration of 0.02% in shower gel, hand soap, shampoo, body lotion, face cream, hand cream, lip products, hair conditioner up to the allowed maximum concentrations indicated in Table 1. For toothpaste up to a maximum concentration of 2.52% methyl salicylate is considered safe.Keywords:SCCS, scientific advice, methyl salicylate, methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, children exposure, Regulation 1223/2009Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Scientific Advice on methyl salicylate (methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate) – children exposure, preliminary version of 16 May 2023, SCCS/1654/23.

Published
2023

14. SCIENTIFIC ADVICE on HC Blue 18 (Colipa No. B122) - Submission II - SCCS/1653/23

Author

Bernauer, U., Bodin, L., Chaudhry, Q., Dusinska, M., Ezendam, J., Gaffet, E., Galli, C. L., Panteri, E., Rogiers, V., Rousselle, Ch., Stepnik, M., Vanhaecke, T., Wijnhoven, S., Benfentati, E., Cabaton, N., Corsini, E., Koutsodimou, A., Louro, H., Uter, W., Goetz, N. Von, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS, EC)

Subjects
hair dye, SCCS, Colipa No B122, CAS No. 1166834-57-6, HC Blue 18, Submission II, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], scientific advice
Abstract

International audience; SCIENTIFIC ADVICE on HC Blue 18 (Colipa No. B122) - Submission II - SCCS/1653/23U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, .J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this document by written procedure on 27 April 2023 (24 Pages)Mise en ligne : 8 Mai 2023https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/sccs-scientific-advice-hc-blue-18-colipa-no-b122-submission-ii_enDetailsPublication date 8 May 2023Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C.L. Galli, E. Panteri (Rapporteur), V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzContact:SANTE-SCCS@ec.europa.euOn request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1653/23Adopted on: 27 April 2023Conclusion of the opinion:1. In light of the data provided, does the SCCS consider HC Blue 18, safe when used in non-oxidative as well as in oxidative hair dye formulations up to a maximum on-head concentration of 0.35 %?In light of the new physicochemical data provided, SCCS considers that the use of HC Blue 18 as an ingredient in non-oxidative as well as in oxidative hair dye formulations up to a maximum on-head concentration of 0.35% is safe.2. Does the SCCS have any further scientific concerns with regard to the use of HC Blue 18 in cosmetic products?SCCS considers HC Blue 18 as a moderate sensitiser.Keywords:SCCS, scientific advice, hair dye, HC Blue 18, Colipa No B122, Submission II, CAS No. 1166834-57-6Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Scientific advice on HC Blue 18 (Colipa No. B122) – submission II, 27 April 2023, SCCS/1653/23.

Published
2023

25. The bar rotation rate as a diagnostic of dark matter content in the centre of disc galaxies.

Author

Buttitta, C, Corsini, E M, Aguerri, J A L, Coccato, L, Costantin, L, Cuomo, V, Debattista, V P, Morelli, L, and Pizzella, A

Subjects
*DARK matter, *DISK galaxies, *DISTRIBUTION of stars, *ROTATIONAL motion, *STELLAR mass, *GALAXIES
Abstract

We investigate the link between the bar rotation rate and dark matter content in barred galaxies by concentrating on the cases of the lenticular galaxies NGC 4264 and NGC 4277. These two gas-poor galaxies have similar morphologies, sizes, and luminosities. But, NGC 4264 hosts a fast bar, which extends to nearly the corotation, while the bar embedded in NGC 4277 is slow and falls short of corotation. We derive the fraction of dark matter f DM, bar within the bar region from Jeans axisymmetric dynamical models by matching the stellar kinematics obtained with the MUSE integral-field spectrograph and using SDSS images to recover the stellar mass distribution. We build mass-follows-light models as well as mass models with a spherical halo of dark matter, which is not tied to the stars. We find that the inner regions of NGC 4277 host a larger fraction of dark matter (⁠|$f_{\rm DM, bar}\, =\, 0.53\pm 0.02$|⁠) with respect to NGC 4264 (⁠|$f_{\rm DM, bar}\, =\, 0.33\pm 0.04$|⁠) in agreement with the predictions of theoretical works and the findings of numerical simulations, which have found that fast bars live in baryon-dominated discs, whereas slow bars experienced a strong drag from the dynamical friction due to a dense DM halo. This is the first time that the bar rotation rate is coupled to f DM, bar derived from dynamical modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Massive molecular gas reservoir in a luminous submillimeter galaxy during cosmic noon

Author

Liu, Bin, Chartab, N., Nayyeri, H., Cooray, A., Yang, C., Riechers, D. A, Gurwell, M., Zhu, Zong-hong, Serjeant, S., Borsato, E., Negrello, M., Marchetti, L., Corsini, E. M., and van der Werf, P.

Subjects
Galaxy formation, Gravitational lensing, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Submillimeter astronomy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present multi-band observations of an extremely dusty star-forming lensed galaxy (HERS1) at $z=2.553$. High-resolution maps of \textit{HST}/WFC3, SMA, and ALMA show a partial Einstein-ring with a radius of $\sim$3$^{\prime\prime}$. The deeper HST observations also show the presence of a lensing arc feature associated with a second lens source, identified to be at the same redshift as the bright arc based on a detection of the [NII] 205$\mu$m emission line with ALMA. A detailed model of the lensing system is constructed using the high-resolution HST/WFC3 image, which allows us to study the source plane properties and connect rest-frame optical emission with properties of the galaxy as seen in sub-millimeter and millimeter wavelengths. Corrected for lensing magnification, the spectral energy distribution fitting results yield an intrinsic star formation rate of about $1000\pm260$ ${\rm M_{\odot}}$yr$^{-1}$, a stellar mass ${\rm M_*}=4.3^{+2.2}_{-1.0}\times10^{11} {\rm M_{\odot}}$, and a dust temperature ${\rm T}_{\rm d}=35^{+2}_{-1}$ K. The intrinsic CO emission line ($J_{\rm up}=3,4,5,6,7,9$) flux densities and CO spectral line energy distribution are derived based on the velocity-dependent magnification factors. We apply a radiative transfer model using the large velocity gradient method with two excitation components to study the gas properties. The low-excitation component has a gas density $n_{\rm H_2}=10^{3.1\pm0.6}$ cm$^{-3}$ and kinetic temperature ${\rm T}_{\rm k}=19^{+7}_{-5}$ K and a high-excitation component has $n_{\rm H_2}=10^{2.8\pm0.3}$ cm$^{-3}$ and ${\rm T}_{\rm k}=550^{+260}_{-220}$ K. Additionally, HERS1 has a gas fraction of about $0.4\pm0.2$ and is expected to last 250 Myr. These properties offer a detailed view of a typical sub-millimeter galaxy during the peak epoch of star-formation activity., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures

Published
2022

30. The Fornax3D project: Environmental effects on the assembly of dynamically cold disks in Fornax cluster galaxies.

Author

Ding, Y., Zhu, L., van de Ven, G., Coccato, L., Corsini, E. M., Costantin, L., Fahrion, K., Falcón-Barroso, J., Gadotti, D. A., Iodice, E., Lyubenova, M., Martín-Navarro, I., McDermid, R. M., Pinna, F., and Sarzi, M.

Subjects
GALAXY clusters, DISTRIBUTION of stars, SURFACE brightness (Astronomy), STELLAR mass, AGE of stars, STELLAR orbits
Abstract

We apply a population-orbit superposition metho1d to 16 galaxies in the Fornax cluster observed with MUSE/VLT in the context of the Fornax3D project. By fitting the luminosity distribution, stellar kinematics, and age and metallicity maps simultaneously, we obtained the internal stellar orbit distribution, as well as the age and metallicity distribution of stars on different orbits for each galaxy. Based on the model, we decompose each galaxy into a dynamically cold disk (orbital circularity -z - 0:8) and a dynamically hot nondisk component (orbital circularity -z < 0:8), and obtain the surface-brightness, age, and metallicity radial profiles of each component. The galaxy infall time into the cluster is strongly correlated with galaxy cold-disk age with older cold disks in ancient infallers. We quantify the infall time tinfall of each galaxy with its cold-disk age using a correlation calibrated with TNG50 cosmological simulations. For galaxies in the Fornax cluster, we found that the luminosity fraction of cold disk in galaxies with tinfall > 8 Gyr are a factor of ~4 lower than in more recent infallers while controlling for total stellar mass. Nine of the 16 galaxies have spatially extended cold disks, and most of them show positive or zero age gradients; stars in the inner disk are ~2-5 Gyr younger than that in the outer disk, in contrast to the expectation of inside-out growth. Our results indicate that the assembly of cold disks in galaxies is strongly affected by their infall into clusters, by either removal of gas in outer regions or even tidally stripping or heating part of the pre-existing disks. Star formation in outer disks can stop quickly after the galaxy falls into the cluster, while star formation in the inner disks can last for a few Gyrs more, building the positive age gradient measured in cold disks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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33. survival of stellar discs in Fornax-like environments, from TNG50 to real galaxies.

Author

Galán-de Anta, Pablo M, Sarzi, M, Pillepich, A, Ding, Y, Zhu, L, Coccato, L, Corsini, E M, Fahrion, K, Falcón-Barroso, J, Gadotti, D A, Iodice, E, Lyubenova, M, Martín-Navarro, I, McDermid, R M, Pinna, F, van de Ven, G, and de Zeeuw, P T

Subjects
DISK galaxies, GALAXIES, GALAXY clusters, STELLAR populations, STELLAR mass, GALACTIC evolution
Abstract

We study the evolution of kinematically defined stellar discs in 10 Fornax-like clusters identified in the TNG50 run from the IllustrisTNG suite of cosmological simulations. We considered disc galaxies with present-day stellar mass M ⋆ ≥ 3 × 108 M⊙ and follow their evolution since first entering their host cluster. Very few stellar discs survive since falling in such dense environments, ranging from 40 per cent surviving to all being disrupted. Such survival rates are consistent with what reported earlier for the two more massive, Virgo-like clusters in TNG50. In absolute terms, however, the low number of present-day disc galaxies in Fornax-like clusters could be at odds with the presence of three edge-on disc galaxies in the central regions of the actual Fornax cluster, as delineated by the Fornax3D survey. When looking at the Fornax analogues from random directions and with the same selection function of Fornax3D, the probability of finding three edge-on disc galaxies in any one Fornax-like cluster in TNG50 is rather low, albeit not impossible. We also compared the stellar-population properties near the equatorial plane derived from integral-field spectroscopy for the three edge-ons in Fornax to similar line-of-sight integrated values for present-day disc galaxies in TNG50. For one of these, the very old and metal-rich stellar population of its disc cannot be matched by any the disc galaxies in TNG50, including objects in the field. We discuss possible interpretations of these findings, while pointing to future studies on passive cluster spirals as a way to further test state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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39. slow lopsided bar in the interacting dwarf galaxy IC 3167.

Author

Cuomo, V, Corsini, E M, Morelli, L, Aguerri, J A L, Lee, Y H, Coccato, L, Pizzella, A, Buttitta, C, and Gasparri, D

Subjects
*STELLAR photometry, *KINEMATICS, *DWARF galaxies, *GALACTIC dynamics, VIRGO Cluster
Abstract

We present surface photometry and stellar kinematics of IC 3167, a dwarf galaxy hosting a lopsided weak bar and infalling into the Virgo cluster. We measured the bar radius and strength from broad-band imaging and bar pattern speed by applying the Tremaine–Weinberg method to stellar-absorption integral-field spectroscopy. We derived the ratio of the corotation radius to bar radius (⁠|${\cal {R}}=1.7^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$|⁠) from stellar kinematics and bar pattern speed. The probability that the bar is rotating slowly is more than twice as likely as that the bar is fast. This allows us to infer that the formation of this bar was triggered by the ongoing interaction rather than the internal processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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40. Fornax3D project: intrinsic correlations between orbital properties and the stellar initial mass function.

Author

Poci, A, McDermid, R M, Lyubenova, M, Martín-Navarro, I, van de Ven, G, Coccato, L, Corsini, E M, Fahrion, K, Falcón-Barroso, J, Gadotti, D A, Iodice, E, Pinna, F, Sarzi, M, de Zeeuw, P T, and Zhu, L

Subjects
STELLAR initial mass function, DWARF stars, GALAXY clusters, STELLAR populations, GRAVITATIONAL potential, GALACTIC evolution
Abstract

Variations of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in external galaxies have been inferred from a variety of independent probes. Yet the physical conditions causing these variations remain largely unknown. In this work, we explore new spatially resolved measurements of the IMF for three edge-on lenticular galaxies in the Fornax cluster. We utilize existing orbit-based dynamical models in order to fit the new IMF maps within an orbital framework. We find that, within each galaxy, the high-angular momentum disc-like stars exhibit an IMF which is rich in dwarf stars. The centrally concentrated pressure-supported orbits exhibit similarly dwarf-rich IMF. Conversely, orbits at large radius which have intermediate angular momentum exhibit IMF which are markedly less dwarf-rich relative to the other regions of the same galaxy. Assuming that the stars which reside, in the present-day, on dynamically hot orbits at large radii are dominated by accreted populations, we interpret these findings as a correlation between the dwarf-richness of a population of stars, and the mass of the host in which it formed. Specifically, deeper gravitational potentials would produce more dwarf-rich populations, resulting in the relative deficiency of dwarf stars which originated in the lower mass accreted satellites. The central and high-angular momentum populations are likely dominated by in situ stars, which were formed in the more massive host itself. There are also global differences between the three galaxies studied here, of up to ∼0.3 dex in the IMF parameter ξ. We find no local dynamical or chemical property which alone can fully account for the IMF variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. The Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) spectral library II

Author

Morelli, L., Ivanov, V., Pizzella, A., Gasparri, D., Coccato, L., Corsini, E., Dalla Bontà, E., François, P., Cesetti, M., Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Context. Stellar population studies in the infrared (IR) wavelength range have two main advantages with respect to the optical regime: they probe different populations, because most of the light in the IR comes from redder and generally older stars, and they allow us to see through dust because IR light is less affected by extinction. Unfortunately, IR modeling work was halted by the lack of adequate stellar libraries, but this has changed in the recent years. Aims. Our project investigates the sensitivity of various spectral features in the 1−5 μ m wavelength range to the physical properties of stars ( T eff , [Fe/H], log g ) and aims to objectively define spectral indices that can characterize the age and metallicity of unresolved stellar populations. Methods. We implemented a method that uses derivatives of the indices as functions of T eff , [Fe/H] or log g across the entire available wavelength range to reveal the most sensitive indices to these parameters and the ranges in which these indices work. Results. Here, we complement the previous work in the I and K bands, reporting a new system of 14, 12, 22, and 12 indices for Y, J, H, and L atmospheric windows, respectively, and describe their behavior. We list the equivalent widths of these indices for the Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) spectral library stars. Conclusions. Our analysis indicates that features sensitive to the effective temperature are present and measurable in all the investigated atmospheric windows at the spectral resolution and in the metallicity range of the IRTF library for a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 20−30. The surface gravity is more challenging and only indices in the H and J windows are best suited for this. The metallicity range of the stars with available spectra is too narrow to search for suitable diagnostics. For the spectra of unresolved galaxies, the defined indices are valuable tools in tracing the properties of the stars in the IR-dominant stellar populations.

Published
2020
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