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Bu çalışmada,formasyon sertifika programına farklı yıllarında katılan matematik bölümüöğretmen adaylarının matematik kavramı hakkında sahip oldukları çağrışımlarincelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 2015 yılında fen edebiyat fakültelerinin matematikbölümlerinden mezun olmuş 32 öğretmen adayı ile 2018 yılında fen edebiyatfakültesinde halen 3. ve 4. Sınıflarda okumakta olan 27 öğretmen adayıkatılmıştır. Araştırma olgu bilim deseninde nitel bir araştırmadır.Katılımcılara, matematik kavramı hakkındaki çağrışımları ve bu çağrışımlarınnedenlerini belirlemeye yönelik iki açık uçlu soru içeren bir anket formuverilmiş ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir.Öğretmen adaylarının sahip oldukları 150 çağrışım alan yazında incelenen 8 ayrıçalışmada belirlenen kategorilere göre sınıflandırılmış ve bu kategoriler dekendi içinde sınıflandırılarak Tanım, Betimleme ve Duygu temalarıbelirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının, matematik hakkında hem hayatı veiçindekileri anlamaya çalışan bir model hem de yaşam için gerekli bir araç olmasınavurgu yaptıkları görülmüştür., In this study, the connotations of the concept of mathematics belong to the teacher candidates who have participated in the formation certificate program in different years were examined. In the study, 32 teacher candidates who graduated from the mathematics departments of the Faculty of Arts and Science in 2014-15 and 27 teacher candidates in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences who were studying in 3rd and 4th grades in 2017-18 participated. The research is qualitative research with phenomenological design. A questionnaire containing two open-ended questions to determine the connotations about the concept of mathematics and the causes of these connotations were given and the data were analyzed by content analysis method. The 150 connotations of teacher candidates were classified according to the categories determined in 8 different studies examined in the literature and these categories are classified within themselves then the themes of Definition, Description, and Emotion are determined. It was observed that teachers’ candidates emphasized mathematics as a model trying to understand life and its contents and as a necessary tool for life.

Connation is one of the developmental anomalies of the dental hard tissue. The terms such as double formation, double teeth, twinned teeth, synodontia, joined teeth, or fused teeth are often used to describe connation. Connation can be defined as union of two normally separated tooth germs typically leading to one tooth less than normal in the affected arch. It may be complete or incomplete. Connation in siblings are rare and probably show a hereditary aetiology. Here, we report two cases of unilateral connation of primary mandibular incisor and canine associated with missing succedaneous permanent lateral incisor in siblings along with their diagnosis and management.

This study presents a morphoanatomical analysis of Dyckia ibicuiensis , D. polyclada and D. racinae stamens. Flowers at anthesis were desiccated and their stamens were processed using common light microscopic techniques. Morphologically, the androecium in these species is differentiated by the disposition of the stamens around the gynoecium and by general anther characteristics. Included stamens, with antesepalous filaments different from those of the antepetalous, anthers in a radial disposition, always curved, and sporangia facing the gynoecium characterize D. ibicuiensis and D. racinae . This configuration results from the filament connation, as well as special anatomical characteristics of the anthers, such as the connective with thickenings. In addition, these species are differentiated by the U-shaped thickening in the endothecium. D. polyclada is characterized by its small, free and exserted stamens, with a very short common tube, its anthers, that are not curved or organized around the gynoecium, and its divergent sporangia. The anatomical and morphological characteristics identified here are important for characterization of these species. Considering that the androecium is important in the delimitation of Dyckia , the increased use of these data should be equally important for other species and infrageneric groupings.

Background and Aims The plant family Asteraceae (Compositae) exhibits remarkable morphological variation in the styles of its members. Lack of studies on the styles of the sister families to Asteraceae, Goodeniaceae and Calyceraceae, obscures our understanding of the origin and evolution of this reproductive feature in these groups. The aim of this work was to perform a comparative study of style morphology and to discuss the relevance of important features in the evolution of Asteraceae and its sister families. Methods The histochemistry, venation and general morphology of the styles of members of Goodeniaceae, Calyceraceae and early branching lineages of Asteraceae were analysed and put in a phylogenetic framework to discuss the relevance of style features in the evolution of these families. Key Results The location of lipophilic substances allowed differentiation of receptive from non-receptive style papillae, and the style venation in Goodeniaceae and Calyceraceae proved to be distinctive. There were several stages of style evolution from Goodeniaceae to Asteraceae involving connation and elongation of veins, development of bilobation from an initially cup-shaped style, and a redistribution of the receptive and non-receptive papillae. Conclusions These developments resulted in bifurcation in the styles of Asteraceae, with each branch face having a different function, and it is suggested here as a mechanism that promoted outcrossing, which in turn led to the great diversification in the family., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales

Whenever nature diverts from the "normal or usual" it gives rise to something called "abnormal or unusual," which we call "a Disorder". Fusion of two teeth is a common developmental disorder that is seen by a clinician. However, bilateral fusion along with Talon's cusp is very rarely seen and reported in literature. This article describes a rare case of the bilateral fusion of permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors, along with presence of Talon's cusp on the left fused teeth.

Fil: Arbo, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Arbo, María Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina. Fil: González, Ana María. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: González, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina. Fil: Sede, Silvana Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina. Genera of Turneraceae differ notably in connation/adnation of calyx, corolla, and androecium. Floral and seed morphology were analyzed in all genera. Phylogenetic analyses were made using a matrix of 91 characters coded for 102 taxa including all genera of Turneraceae and all series of Turnera. Our goals were: assessing the impact of morphology in the cladistic analyses of Turneraceae and comparing our results with those based on molecular datasets. Our analyses suggest that all genera are monophyletic. The inclusion of seed micromorphology in the analyses increased resolution within Turnera, the strict consensus tree shows four main clades, each gathering two or more current series. A comparison of morphological and molecular trees is difficult to make due to the great differences in taxon sampling. However, some clades or subclades are consistent in both phylogenetic approaches. Apparently, the formation of a floral tube conferred an evolutionary advantage to the Turneraceae, because it developed in 66 % of the genera. The morphological complexity of the tube increased in several steps: (1) adnation of petal claws to calyx, developing a perianth tube; (2) partial adnation of stamens to the perianth tube; (3) fusion of sepal and petal veins, shaping a 10-veined perianth tube; (4) development of nectar pockets up to the throat turning the tube into an appendicular hypanthium. The reddishorange aril, associated with ornitochory, is plesiomorphic in Turneraceae, represented only in Erblichia; the other genera have white/whitish aril, associated with mirmecochory, except Mathurina, with an aril divided into filaments as an adaptation to anemochory.