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To prepare students for multicultural environments and understand consumers from different backgrounds, marketing educators must incorporate diversity into their curricula and recognise the importance of decolonisation by considering First Nations' perspectives to promote reconciliation and better outcomes. This paper reports on a novel approach of students working directly with First Nations businesspeople to gain an applied understanding of Indigenous cultural learning. The study examines the influence of this approach on students' learning and cultural understanding, as well as how the teaching approach and authentic assessment design within the unit improve the confidence of students to apply these learnings and engage in culturally informed practices, both presently and in their future careers. Through embracing an applied learning experience and critical self-reflexivity, students gained a greater appreciation and respect for First Nations peoples resulting in a transformational shift in their attitudes, leading to greater empowerment, respect, competence and confidence in their cultural awareness to work with First Nations. The paper fills a gap in the literature by highlighting a teaching and learning approach that engages and builds students' Indigenous cultural competencies within the marketing discipline through a strength-based approach, thus promoting cultural sensitivity and effective communication with diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of participants in a short aquatic exercise programme for individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and to gain insight into the perceived psychosocial benefits. Methods: The exercise programme was of five-weeks duration, with two self-paced aquatic sessions per week. Eleven female participants (mean age 54.8 ± 12.4 yr) reported the onset and changes (24–48 h) in post-exercise fatigue, pain and other symptoms after each session, and completed a post-intervention interview comprising nine open-ended questions, with additional discussions. The reported symptoms and interview responses were entered into a spreadsheet, grouped and coded to identify the themes and subthemes. Results: The main themes were 'symptoms', 'benefits', 'engagement and compliance', and 'limitations'. The analysis found that group aquatic exercises reduced social isolation through shared experiences and enhanced support; were beneficial and enjoyable without exacerbating symptoms; were preferable to other modes of exercise; and were seen as a long-term exercise option. Participants reported a reduction in pain, fatigue and anxiety after the intervention. Conclusions: Psychosocial benefits suggest that self-paced group aquatic exercise is a safe, enjoyable and effective mode of exercise rehabilitation for people with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NAD+-dependent SIRT4 has been reported to be a key regulator of metabolic enzymes and antioxidant defense mechanisms in mitochondria. It also plays an important role in regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in response to exercise. Recent studies have shown that SIRT4 is involved in a wide range of mitochondrial metabolic processes, including depressing insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, promoting lipid synthesis, regulating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, controlling apoptosis and regulating redox. SIRT4 also appears to have enzymatic functions involved in posttranslational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation, lysine deacetylation and lipoamidation. However, the effects on SIRT4 by metabolic diseases and changes in metabolic homeostasis such as during exercise, along with the roles of SIRT4 in the regulation of metabolism during disease, are not well understood. The main goal of this review is to critically analyse and summarise the current research evidence on the significance of the SIRT4 as a metabolic regulator and in mitochondrial function and its putative roles in relation to metabolic diseases and exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy (reliability and validity) of a digital smartphone inclinometer app' as compared to standard goniometry for assessing weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM) in an athletic population. Nine physically active female and six male volunteers (mean age = 26.5 ± 6.2 years; range = 19-37 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.85 m, mass = 76.5 ± 18.6 kg) participated in this study. Ankle DROM was assessed using three methods: i) knee-to-wall; ii) standard goniometer; iii) a smartphone inclinometer application (app'). All three methods were found to be highly reliable for both the right and left ankle (p < 0.001; ICC = 0.950). Further, the inclinometer app' was strongly correlated with the goniometer (r² = 82-97%), with high levels of agreement and low levels of bias confirming its validity. These findings demonstrate the potential of this convenient digital technology. Such technology may provide strength and conditioning coaches with another tool that allows rapid and reliable large-scale screening of athletic populations as it relates to functional assessment of ankle DROM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To establish the correlation between scores of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM) when assessed using a knee-towall assessment score and standard extendable joint goniometer. Study Design Foot to shank ratio influence was assessed on two separate occasions by the same rater using two measures of ankle DROM ie, i) the knee-to-wall assessment linear score, and ii) the joint angle recorded with a standard extendable joint goniometer. Participants Nine females and six males (combined mean age = 26.5 ± 6.2 yr; range = 19-37 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.85 m, mass = 76.5 ± 18.6 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Methods Foot and shank length was determined prior to assessment of ankle DROM. Following a standardised warm-up, ankle DROM was assessed using two methods: i) knee-to-wall method; ii) and standard extendable joint goniometer. Measures were taken twice with each technique and on two separate occasions. Measurement of ankle DROM alternated between each ankle (ie, one measurement taken on the right ankle followed by one measurement on the left ankle and then repeated), with the first measure on both test occasions being the knee-to-wall assessment. Results A significant positive correlation was found between foot length and shank length for both right (p < 0.001, r = .877) and left (p < 0.001, r = .880) side. No other significant correlations were found between all other variables (p > 0.05). Conclusion Findings indicate that neither the length of the foot nor the length of the shank influences ankle joint mobility. Further, their relative lengths, as determined by a foot-to-shank length ratio, had no impact on ankle DROM when measured using the knee-to-wall assessment method. As a result, either assessment method can be used with confidence by clinicians and sports trainers to determine ankle DROM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South African teachers leave teaching due to factors such as lack of support and adverse working conditions. This study investigated rural teachers’ resilience experiences of teaching in a resource-constrained school. A life history design was used to generate data. The research site was visited six times over 20 months. Fifteen interview–conversations were collected and transcribed. The results indicate that the teachers faced chronic poverty as life-span risks. The teachers listed the unstable education system, resource-constrained teaching environment and chronic adversity as risk factors in their environment. They were also concerned with the illiteracy of parents and demotivated students. Significantly, this study shows how rural teachers fostered hope despite chronic adversity in order to be resilient in their chosen profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Dragon boat racing is an increasingly popular sport across the age continuum but there is little research about paddling-related injuries and appropriate rehabilitation exercises. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individualised strength and stretching interventions improved injuries, flexibility and muscular strength in female dragon boat paddlers. Methods: Anthropometry, frequency of injuries, joint flexibility, muscular strength/endurance, and musculoskeletal stiffness/pain were assessed in 22 recreational female dragon boat paddlers before and after 6 months of individualised strengthening and stretching interventions. Pain/stiffness was self-reported using a 0-10 Likert scale. Results: Post-intervention, there were significant improvements (p<0.05) in systolic and diastolic blood pressure; shoulder and spinal flexion/extension; hip, knee and elbow flexion; hip flexor/extensor and hip abductor isometric strength; straight leg raise and sit and reach test values; and self-reported pain. The frequency of neck, shoulder, back and wrist injuries decreased significantly post-intervention. Conclusions: Targeted exercise interventions reduced the frequency of sport-related injuries to joints and muscle groups most at risk from repetitive loading during paddling. Range of motion, isometric muscle strength and pain in specific regions also improved. The interventions were effective for predominantly older paddlers but may also be applicable to other age groups and levels of ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the popularity of dragon boat racing there is little information on typical injuries and health conditions prevalent in crews. Methods: Posture, anthropometry, joint range of motion, muscular strength and endurance, and pre-training anxiety were assessed in a female dragon boat crew. Paddling-associated and historical musculoskeletal injuries, health conditions and training session details were recorded prior to physical assessment. Musculoskeletal pain and stiffness were rated using a 0-10 Likert scale. Anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: Twenty two female paddlers volunteered to participate, 27.3 % of who were breast cancer survivors. Cardiovascular conditions and controlled hypertension were reported by 22.7% of participants; osteoarthritis and bursitis/tendinitis by 40.9%. The most common injuries were those to the lumbar spine (40.9%), shoulder (45.5%), knee (45.4%) and wrist (31.8%). The most commonly occurring sites of paddlingrelated pain were the hip (67%), the shoulder (60%), the neck (50%), and the knee (20 %) with 55.6% of bursitis/tendinitis paddling-related. The shoulder was the most restricted joint (right shoulder, -3.5 ± 6 cm; left shoulder, -2.6 ± 7 cm); the psoas was the weakest muscle group (0 -- 5 manual muscle test grade, right, 3.5 ± 0.8; left, 3.6 ± 0.6). Twenty five percent of paddlers reported high measures of State and Trait anxiety. The number of health conditions and injuries were positively correlated (r = 0.689) with Trait (p = 0.002) but not State anxiety (p = 0.06). Discussion: Dragon boat paddlers report a high prevalence of historical and sport-related injuries which may affect training or competition. Shoulder and hip pain may be due to poor paddling biomechanics. Muscle imbalances or weakness may contribute to injuries and also affect paddling technique. Conclusion: Poor paddling technique and higher levels of Trait anxiety may contribute to increased risk of musculoskeletal injury, re-injury and performance-related stress. There is a need for individual musculoskeletal screening and interventions to improve strength, flexibility, paddling technique, and to reduce stress appraisals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the participatory development of a new curriculum for an Advanced Certificate in Education (ACE) (Inclusive and Special Needs Education) programme in the Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria. Several challenges in the existing programme necessitated curriculum re-design and development. These challenges included responding to policies regarding inclusive and special needs education; responding to revised higher education frameworks; revisiting the structure and content of modules in order to improve articulation; addressing an anticipated increase in student enrolment and a changing student profile; and incorporating current trends in distance education service delivery. Partners in this collaborative curriculum initiative included the Unit for Distance Education, the Department of Educational Psychology, the Department for Education Innovation and the South African Institute of Distance Education (SAIDE). Insights derived from this paper could possibly inform similar curriculum development initiatives, as well as extend knowledge on open and distance learning service delivery, in particular for in-service teacher training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on aspects related to impact of shant to foot length ratio on knee to wall ankle performance. Topics discussed include assessment of dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM) and establishment of linear measurement, application of goniometer, and production of linear score.

In this paper, we report on a series of placements for clinical exercise physiology students in a simulation-based education environment with older, independent adults. The purpose of these placement opportunities was to help prepare students to work confidently and competently with older adults in primary healthcare settings. The effectiveness of these placements was measured through semi-structured interviews with the students, their supervisors and the volunteer patients, and also by analysing the content of the students' written reflection assignments. A combination of directed content analysis, informed by the research objectives and imposed upon the data, and conventional content analysis, in which codes were developed from themes emerging from the data, was adopted. Coding was based on units of meaning. Overall, the placement aims were met. Students reported increased confidence in communicating with older adults and in using the tools of their trade. This innovative simulation-based education experience helped students gain an understanding of their developing professional identities. However, the data show that some students still failed to recognise the value and importance of communication when working with older adults. The older adults reported that they enjoyed interacting with the students and believed that they had helped the students gain a positive impression of the cognitive and physical abilities of older adults. These older adults had also gained insight into the benefits of exercise physiology in terms of their own wellbeing. This paper demonstrates the benefits of engaging community support in developing healthcare workers and provides guidelines for replication of these innovative simulation-based education experiences. The paper is limited to reporting the social and community engagement benefits for older adults and the learning opportunities for the clinical exercise physiology students. Further research is needed to demonstrate the health gains for older adults who participate in such programmes.