Search

Your search keyword '"Cockell, Charles S."' showing total 673 results
Start Over Author "Cockell, Charles S." Language english
673 results on '"Cockell, Charles S."'

8. Space bioprocess engineering on the horizon

Author

Berliner, Aaron J., Lipsky, Isaac, Ho, Davian, Hilzinger, Jacob M., Vengerova, Gretchen, Makrygiorgos, Georgios, McNulty, Matthew J., Yates, Kevin, Averesch, Nils J. H., Cockell, Charles S., Wallentine, Tyler, Seefeldt, Lance C., Criddle, Craig S., Nandi, Somen, McDonald, Karen A., Menezes, Amor A., Mesbah, Ali, and Arkin, Adam P.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Astrobiology by Gavriil Tikhov.

Author

Cockell, Charles S.

Subjects
*ASTROBIOLOGY, *LIFE sciences, *HISTORY of science, *SPACE environment, *SCIENTIFIC method
Abstract

The given text discusses the work of Gavriil A. Tikhov and Nikolai Tikhov in the field of astrobiology, exploring the possibility of life on other planets. It highlights their contributions to the study of extraterrestrial life, including the use of spectroscopic observations and isotopic composition as indicators of life. The text also discusses the properties of life in the universe and the adaptability of organisms to different environmental conditions. It concludes by emphasizing the need for further research in astrobiology and the potential for uncovering the secrets of life on other planets. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. The Concept of Life on Venus Informs the Concept of Habitability.

Author

Cockell, Charles S., Hallsworth, John E., McMahon, Sean, Kane, Stephen R., and Higgins, Peter M.

Subjects
*SPACE environment, *EXTRATERRESTRIAL life, *ASTROBIOLOGY, *EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings, *VENUS (Planet)
Abstract

An enduring question in astrobiology is how we assess extraterrestrial environments as being suitable for life. We suggest that the most reliable assessments of the habitability of extraterrestrial environments are made with respect to the empirically determined limits to known life. We discuss qualitatively distinct categories of habitability: empirical habitability that is constrained by the observed limits to biological activity; habitability sensu stricto, which is defined with reference to the known or unknown limits to the activity of all known organisms; and habitability sensu lato (habitability in the broadest sense), which is circumscribed by the limit of all possible life in the universe, which is the most difficult (and perhaps impossible) to determine. We use the cloud deck of Venus, which is temperate but incompatible with known life, as an example to elaborate and hypothesize on these limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Life Beyond--A Program to Use Astrobiology to Teach Science and Advance Space Exploration through Prisons

Author

Cockell, Charles S., Gutierrez Fosado, Yair Augusto, Hitchen, James, Landenmark, Hanna, Perera, Liam, and Vissers, Teun

Abstract

The field of astrobiology is concerned with the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the Universe. It contains within it civilization-level questions such as: What is the future of humanity on Earth and can we successfully explore and settle other planets? As such, it offers an educational framework for both teaching basic science and for engaging individuals in questions about how society can take on its biggest challenges and opportunities. Life Beyond is a collaboration between the UK Centre for Astrobiology and the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) to take astrobiology into the prison environment. Using a pilot program across four Scottish prisons, a 4-week astrobiology course focused on designing a station for Mars was developed. Learning outcomes ranged from improvements in literacy, numeracy, and science skills to enhancing civic responsibilities. The results of the initiative are products such as Mars station designs, essays, and art, providing participants with tangible outputs. We describe the pilot initiative, the 4-week Life Beyond course, and draw conclusions about the use of astrobiology as a vehicle for teaching science and advancing social reform in the prison environment.

Published
2018

18. Quantifying Uncertainty in Sustainable Biomass and Production of Biotic Carbon in Enceladus' Notional Methanogenic Biosphere.

Author

Higgins, Peter M., Chen, Weibin, Glein, Christopher R., Cockell, Charles S., and Sherwood Lollar, Barbara

Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY, BIOMASS production, BIOSPHERE, MARINE biomass, SEAWATER, OCEAN
Abstract

Beneath Enceladus' ice crust lies an ocean which might host habitable conditions. Here, the scale and productivity of a notional Enceladean methanogenic biosphere are computed as a function of the core‐to‐ocean flux of hydrogen and the ratio between abiotic and biotic methane in Enceladus' space plume. Habitats with an ocean‐top pH range of 8–9 have up to 40%–60% probability of being energy‐limited. Those at pH > 9 are increasingly uninhabitable, and those <8.5 are increasingly likely to host exponential growth, possibly leading to compositional inconsistencies between the ocean and Cassini gas observations. In those cases, energy‐based habitability models cannot infer an inhabited Enceladus consistent with both Earth life and Cassini measurements without including additional microbial growth limiters such as nutrient limitation, toxicity, or spatial constraints. If methanogens are isolated to a 350 K seafloor habitat and consume 10 mol s−1 of H2, the most probable biomass is 103, 103.7 kg C with ocean‐top pH 8,9, respectively. Biomass production consistent with space plume fluxes is 104–106 kgC yr−1—milligrams of cellular carbon per kilogram of H2O ejected—but requires that >50% of the space plume methane is biotic. Alternative scenarios are presented, and biomass is generally lower when habitat temperature is higher. Ocean biomass density cannot yet be reliably estimated owing to uncertainties in the scale and physicochemical properties of Enceladus' putative habitats. Evaluating abiotic to biotic ratios in plume methane and organic material could help identify false negative results from life detection missions and constrain the scale of an underlying biosphere. Plain Language Summary: The Cassini spacecraft observed energy and nutrient sources for life erupting from a water ocean below the icy exterior of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Future spacecraft planned for Enceladus, Europa and Titan will obtain similar measurements in greater detail. In this work, we calculate the probability that different suites of environments inside Enceladus' ocean are habitable for methanogens, an ancient type of organism which may be able to survive there. Three scenarios are possible: uninhabitable, habitable, and energy‐saturated. Next, we extend this calculation to show that the possible biosphere is small but productive. Microbial waste, generated at the seafloor, could be ejected from the ocean and consequently snow down onto Enceladus' surface. Mass spectrometers on future spacecraft could constrain these possibilities further and may be critical to inferring biosignatures when cell densities are too low to detect. Key Points: Spatial habitability on Enceladus is not guaranteed, and additional modeling parameters are needed to evaluate possible vacant habitatsCell turnover is important for life detection missions and can be constrained more tightly than total biomassAbiotic to biotic ratios of space plume carbon are critical as biosignatures and for assessing the scale of Enceladus' notional biosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Space station biomining experiment demonstrates rare earth element extraction in microgravity and Mars gravity

Author

Cockell, Charles S., Santomartino, Rosa, Finster, Kai, Waajen, Annemiek C., Eades, Lorna J., Moeller, Ralf, Rettberg, Petra, Fuchs, Felix M., Van Houdt, Rob, Leys, Natalie, Coninx, Ilse, Hatton, Jason, Parmitano, Luca, Krause, Jutta, Koehler, Andrea, Caplin, Nicol, Zuijderduijn, Lobke, Mariani, Alessandro, Pellari, Stefano S., Carubia, Fabrizio, Luciani, Giacomo, Balsamo, Michele, Zolesi, Valfredo, Nicholson, Natasha, Loudon, Claire-Marie, Doswald-Winkler, Jeannine, Herová, Magdalena, Rattenbacher, Bernd, Wadsworth, Jennifer, Craig Everroad, R., and Demets, René

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Domains of life sciences in spacefaring: what, where, and how to get involved.

Author

Berliner, Aaron J., Zezulka, Spencer, Hutchinson, Gwyneth A., Bertoldo, Sophia, Cockell, Charles S., and Arkin, Adam P.

Subjects
LIFE sciences, SPACE biology, BIOLOGICAL systems, BIOCHEMICAL engineering, EXTRATERRESTRIAL life, SPACE flight
Abstract

The integration of biology and spacefaring has led to the development of three interrelated fields: Astrobiology, Bioastronautics, and Space Bioprocess Engineering. Astrobiology is concerned with the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe, while Bioastronautics focuses on the effects of spaceflight on biological systems, including human physiology and psychology. Space Bioprocess Engineering, on the other hand, deals with the design, deployment, and management of biotechnology for human exploration. This paper highlights the unique contributions of each field and outlines opportunities for biologists to engage in these exciting avenues of research. By providing a clear overview of the major fields of biology and spacefaring, this paper serves as a valuable resource for scientists and researchers interested in exploring the integration of these disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Bridging Place-Based Astrobiology Education with Genomics, Including Descriptions of Three Novel Bacterial Species Isolated from Mars Analog Sites of Cultural Relevance.

Author

Prescott, Rebecca D., Chan, Yvonne L., Tong, Eric J., Bunn, Fiona, Onouye, Chiyoko T., Handel, Christy, Lo, Chien-Chi, Davenport, Karen, Johnson, Shannon, Flynn, Mark, Saito, Jennifer A., Lee Jr., Herb, Wong, Kaleomanuiwa, Lawson, Brittany N., Hiura, Kayla, Sager, Kailey, Sadones, Mia, Hill, Ethan C., Esibill, Derek, and Cockell, Charles S.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

Author

Lowery, Christopher M., Bralower, Timothy J., Owens, Jeremy D., Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco J., Jones, Heather, Smit, Jan, Whalen, Michael T., Claeys, Phillipe, Farley, Kenneth, Gulick, Sean P. S., Morgan, Joanna V., Green, Sophie, Chenot, Elise, Christeson, Gail L., Cockell, Charles S., Coolen, Marco J. L., Ferrière, Ludovic, Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, Kazuhisa, Kring, David A., Lofi, Johanna, Ocampo-Torres, Rubén, Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Pickersgill, Annemarie E., Poelchau, Michael H., Rae, Auriol S. P., Rasmussen, Cornelia, Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Riller, Ulrich, Sato, Honami, Tikoo, Sonia M., Tomioka, Naotaka, Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime, Vellekoop, Johan, Wittmann, Axel, Xiao, Long, Yamaguchi, Kosei E., and Zylberman, William

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Earth as a Tool for Astrobiology—A European Perspective

Author

Martins, Zita, Cottin, Hervé, Kotler, Julia Michelle, Carrasco, Nathalie, Cockell, Charles S., de la Torre Noetzel, Rosa, Demets, René, de Vera, Jean-Pierre, d’Hendecourt, Louis, Ehrenfreund, Pascale, Elsaesser, Andreas, Foing, Bernard, Onofri, Silvano, Quinn, Richard, Rabbow, Elke, Rettberg, Petra, Ricco, Antonio J., Slenzka, Klaus, Stalport, Fabien, ten Kate, Inge L., van Loon, Jack J. W. A., and Westall, Frances

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life

Author

Schwieterman, Edward W, Kiang, Nancy Y, Parenteau, Mary N, Harman, Chester E, Dassarma, Shiladitya, Fisher, Theresa M, Arney, Giada N, Hartnett, Hilairy E, Reinhard, Christopher T, Olson, Stephanie L, Meadows, Victoria S, Cockell, Charles S, Walker, Sara L, Grenfell, John Lee, Hegde, Siddharth, Rugheimer, Sarah, Hu, Renyu, and Lyons, Timothy W

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

In the coming years and decades, advanced space- and ground-based observatories will allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially habitable exoplanets for signatures of life. Life on Earth, through its gaseous products and reflectance and scattering properties, has left its fingerprint on the spectrum of our planet. Aided by the universality of the laws of physics and chemistry, we turn to Earth's biosphere, both in the present and through geologic time, for analog signatures that will aid in the search for life elsewhere. Considering the insights gained from modern and ancient Earth, and the broader array of hypothetical exoplanet possibilities, we have compiled a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of potential exoplanet biosignatures, including gaseous, surface, and temporal biosignatures. We additionally survey biogenic spectral features that are well known in the specialist literature but have not yet been robustly vetted in the context of exoplanet biosignatures. We briefly review advances in assessing biosignature plausibility, including novel methods for determining chemical disequilibrium from remotely obtainable data and assessment tools for determining the minimum biomass required to maintain short-lived biogenic gases as atmospheric signatures. We focus particularly on advances made since the seminal review by Des Marais et al. The purpose of this work is not to propose new biosignature strategies, a goal left to companion articles in this series, but to review the current literature, draw meaningful connections between seemingly disparate areas, and clear the way for a path forward.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Life Beyond the Solar System: Remotely Detectable Biosignatures

Author

Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Kiang, Nancy Y, Parenteau, Niki, Catling, David C, DasSarma, Shiladitya, Fujii, Yuka, Harman, Chester E, Lenardic, Adrian, Palle, Enric, Reinhard, Christopher T, Schwieterman, Edward W, Arney, Giada, Airapetian, Vladimir S, Batalha, Natalie M, Cockell, Charles S, Cronin, Leroy, Deitrick, Russell, Del Genio, Anthony, Fisher, Theresa, Gelino, Dawn M, Grenfell, J. Lee, Hartnett, Hilairy E, Hegde, Siddharth, Hori, Yasunori, Kacar, Betul, Krissansen-Totten, Joshua, Lyons, Timothy, Moore, William B, Narita, Norio, Olson, Stephanie L, Rauer, Heike, Robinson, Tyler D, Rugheimer, Sarah, Siegler, Nick, Shkolnik, Evgenya L, Stapelfeldt, Karl R, and Walker, Sara

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

For the first time in human history, we will soon be able to apply to the scientific method to the question "Are We Alone?" The rapid advance of exoplanet discovery, planetary systems science, and telescope technology will soon allow scientists to search for life beyond our Solar System through direct observation of extrasolar planets. This endeavor will occur alongside searches for habitable environments and signs of life within our Solar System. While these searches are thematically related and will inform each other, they will require separate observational techniques. The search for life on exoplanets holds potential through the great diversity of worlds to be explored beyond our Solar System. However, there are also unique challenges related to the relatively limited data this search will obtain on any individual world.

Published
2018

42. Final report of the MSR Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2)

Author

Meyer, Michael A, Kminek, Gerhard, Beaty, David W, Carrier, Brandi Lee, Haltigin, Timothy, Hays, Lindsay E, Agee, Carl B., Busemann, Henner, Cavalazzi, Barbara, Cockell, Charles S., Debaille, Vinciane, Glavin, Daniel P., Grady, Monica M., Hauber, Ernst, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, Bernard, McCubbin, Francis M., Pratt, Lisa M, Regberg, Aaron B., Smith, Alvin L, Smith, Caroline L, Summons, Roger E., Swindle, Timothy D, Tait, Kimberly T, Tosca, Nicholas J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael A., Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Westall, Frances, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, NASA Headquarters, European Space Agency (ESA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Meyer M. A., Kminek G., Beaty D. W., Carrier B. L., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Cockell C. S., Debaille V., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., Hauber E., Hutzler A., Marty B., McCubbin F. M., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith A. L., Smith C. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., Tait K. T., Tosca N. J., Udry A., Usui T., Velbel M. A., Wadhwa M., Westall F., and Zorzano M. -P.

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign
Abstract

International audience; The Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign must meet a series of scientific and technical achievements to be successful. While the respective engineering responsibilities to retrieve the samples have been formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding between ESA and NASA, the roles and responsibilities of the scientific elements have yet to be fully defined. In April 2020, ESA and NASA jointly chartered the MSR Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2) to build upon previous planning efforts in defining 1) an end-to-end MSR Science Program and 2) needed functionalities and design requirements for an MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF). The challenges for the first samples brought from another planet include not only maintaining and providing samples in pristine condition for study, but also maintaining biological containment until the samples meet sample safety criteria for distribution outside of biocontainment. The MSPG2 produced six reports outlining 66 findings. Abbreviated versions of the five additional high-level MSPG2 summary findings are: Summary-1. A long-term NASA/ESA MSR Science Program, along with the necessary funding and human resources, will be required to accomplish the end-to-end scientific objectives of MSR. Summary-2. MSR curation will need to be done concurrently with Biosafety Level-4 containment. This would lead to complex first-of-a-kind curation implementations and require further technology development. Summary-3. Most aspects of MSR sample science can, and should, be performed on samples deemed safe in laboratories outside of the SRF. However, other aspects of MSR sample science are both time-sensitive and sterilization-sensitive and would need to be carried out in the SRF. Summary-4. To meet the unique science, curation, and planetary protection needs of MSR, substantial analytical and sample management capabilities would be required in an SRF. Summary-5. Because of the long lead-time for SRF design, construction, and certification, it is important that preparations begin immediately, even if there is delay in the return of samples.

Published
2022

43. Impact-generated hydrothermal systems on Earth and Mars

Author

Osinski, Gordon R., Tornabene, Livio L., Banerjee, Neil R., Cockell, Charles S., Flemming, Roberta, Izawa, Matthew R.M., McCutcheon, Jenine, Parnell, John, Preston, Louisa J., Pickersgill, Annemarie E., Pontefract, Alexandra, Sapers, Haley M., and Southam, Gordon

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Supporting Mars exploration: BIOMEX in Low Earth Orbit and further astrobiological studies on the Moon using Raman and PanCam technology

Author

de Vera, Jean-Pierre, Boettger, Ute, Noetzel, Rosa de la Torre, Sánchez, Francisco J, Grunow, Dana, Schmitz, Nicole, Lange, Caroline, Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Billi, Daniela, Baqué, Mickael, Rettberg, Petra, Rabbow, Elke, Reitz, Günther, Berger, Thomas, Möller, Ralf, Bohmeier, Maria, Horneck, Gerda, Westall, Frances, Jänchen, Jochen, Fritz, Jörg, Meyer, Cornelia, Onofri, Silvano, Selbmann, Laura, Zucconi, Laura, Kozyrovska, Natalia, Leya, Thomas, Foing, Bernard, Demets, René, Cockell, Charles S., Bryce, Casey, Wagner, Dirk, Serrano, Paloma, Edwards, Howell G.M., Joshi, Jasmin, Huwe, Björn, Ehrenfreund, Pascale, Elsaesser, Andreas, Ott, Sieglinde, Meessen, Joachim, Feyh, Nina, Szewzyk, Ulrich, Jaumann, Ralf, and Spohn, Tilman

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results