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4. The spectrum of Ih ice using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.

Author

Tao, Yu Heng, Dai, Xiangyu, Moggach, Stephen A., Clode, Peta L., Fitzgerald, Anthony J., Hodgetts, Stuart I., Harvey, Alan R., and Wallace, Vincent P.

Subjects
TERAHERTZ time-domain spectroscopy, TERAHERTZ spectroscopy, ICE crystals, REFRACTIVE index, AQUEOUS solutions
Abstract

Here, we report the frequency-dependent spectrum of ice Ih in the range of 0.2–2 THz. We confirm the presence of a feature that blue-shifts from around 1.55–1.65 THz with a decreasing temperature from 260 to 160 K. There is also a change in the trend of the refractive index of ice corresponding to a dispersion, which is also around 1.6 THz. The features are reproduced in data acquired with three commercial terahertz time-domain spectrometers. Computer-simulated spectra assign the feature to lattice translations perpendicular to the 110 and 1 ̄ 10 planes of the ice Ih crystal. The feature's existence should be recognized in the terahertz measurements of frozen aqueous solution samples to avoid false interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Salt tolerance in mungbean is associated with controlling Na and Cl transport across roots, regulating Na and Cl accumulation in chloroplasts and maintaining high K in root and leaf mesophyll cells.

Author

Iqbal, Md Shahin, Clode, Peta L., Malik, Al Imran, Erskine, William, and Kotula, Lukasz

Subjects
*CELL compartmentation, *SALINITY, *CHLOROPLASTS, *ROOT development, *XYLEM, *EFFECT of salt on plants
Abstract

Salinity tolerance requires coordinated responses encompassing salt exclusion in roots and tissue/cellular compartmentation of salt in leaves. We investigated the possible control points for salt ions transport in roots and tissue tolerance to Na+ and Cl– in leaves of two contrasting mungbean genotypes, salt‐tolerant Jade AU and salt‐sensitive BARI Mung‐6, grown in nonsaline and saline (75 mM NaCl) soil. Cryo‐SEM X‐ray microanalysis was used to determine concentrations of Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, P, and S in various cell types in roots related to the development of apoplastic barriers, and in leaves related to photosynthetic performance. Jade AU exhibited superior salt exclusion by accumulating higher [Na] in the inner cortex, endodermis, and pericycle with reduced [Na] in xylem vessels and accumulating [Cl] in cortical cell vacuoles compared to BARI Mung‐6. Jade AU maintained higher [K] in root cells than BARI Mung‐6. In leaves, Jade AU maintained lower [Na] and [Cl] in chloroplasts and preferentially accumulated [K] in mesophyll cells than BARI Mung‐6, resulting in higher photosynthetic efficiency. Salinity tolerance in Jade AU was associated with shoot Na and Cl exclusion, effective regulation of Na and Cl accumulation in chloroplasts, and maintenance of high K in root and leaf mesophyll cells. Summary statement: Salinity tolerance in mungbean is related to its ability to intercept Na and Cl in roots, thereby reducing Na and Cl transport to shoot, effectively regulate Na and Cl accumulation in chloroplasts, and maintain high K in root and leaf mesophyll cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora

Author

Falster, Daniel, Gallagher, Rachael, Wenk, Elizabeth H., Wright, Ian J., Indiarto, Dony, Andrew, Samuel C., Baxter, Caitlan, Lawson, James, Allen, Stuart, Fuchs, Anne, Monro, Anna, Kar, Fonti, Adams, Mark A., Ahrens, Collin W., Alfonzetti, Matthew, Angevin, Tara, Apgaua, Deborah M. G., Arndt, Stefan, Atkin, Owen K., Atkinson, Joe, Auld, Tony, Baker, Andrew, von Balthazar, Maria, Bean, Anthony, Blackman, Chris J., Bloomfield, Keith, Bowman, David M. J. S., Bragg, Jason, Brodribb, Timothy J., Buckton, Genevieve, Burrows, Geoff, Caldwell, Elizabeth, Camac, James, Carpenter, Raymond, Catford, Jane A., Cawthray, Gregory R., Cernusak, Lucas A., Chandler, Gregory, Chapman, Alex R., Cheal, David, Cheesman, Alexander W., Chen, Si-Chong, Choat, Brendan, Clinton, Brook, Clode, Peta L., Coleman, Helen, Cornwell, William K., Cosgrove, Meredith, Crisp, Michael, Cross, Erika, Crous, Kristine Y., Cunningham, Saul, Curran, Timothy, Curtis, Ellen, Daws, Matthew I., DeGabriel, Jane L., Denton, Matthew D., Dong, Ning, Du, Pengzhen, Duan, Honglang, Duncan, David H., Duncan, Richard P., Duretto, Marco, Dwyer, John M., Edwards, Cheryl, Esperon-Rodriguez, Manuel, Evans, John R., Everingham, Susan E., Farrell, Claire, Firn, Jennifer, Fonseca, Carlos Roberto, French, Ben J., Frood, Doug, Funk, Jennifer L., Geange, Sonya R., Ghannoum, Oula, Gleason, Sean M., Gosper, Carl R., Gray, Emma, Groom, Philip K., Grootemaat, Saskia, Gross, Caroline, Guerin, Greg, Guja, Lydia, Hahs, Amy K., Harrison, Matthew Tom, Hayes, Patrick E., Henery, Martin, Hochuli, Dieter, Howell, Jocelyn, Huang, Guomin, Hughes, Lesley, Huisman, John, Ilic, Jugoslav, Jagdish, Ashika, Jin, Daniel, Jordan, Gregory, Jurado, Enrique, Kanowski, John, Kasel, Sabine, Kellermann, Jürgen, Kenny, Belinda, Kohout, Michele, Kooyman, Robert M., Kotowska, Martyna M., Lai, Hao Ran, Laliberté, Etienne, Lambers, Hans, Lamont, Byron B., Lanfear, Robert, van Langevelde, Frank, Laughlin, Daniel C., Laugier-Kitchener, Bree-Anne, Laurance, Susan, Lehmann, Caroline E. R., Leigh, Andrea, Leishman, Michelle R., Lenz, Tanja, Lepschi, Brendan, Lewis, James D., Lim, Felix, Liu, Udayangani, Lord, Janice, Lusk, Christopher H., Macinnis-Ng, Cate, McPherson, Hannah, Magallón, Susana, Manea, Anthony, López-Martinez, Andrea, Mayfield, Margaret, McCarthy, James K., Meers, Trevor, van der Merwe, Marlien, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Milberg, Per, Mokany, Karel, Moles, Angela T., Moore, Ben D., Moore, Nicholas, Morgan, John W., Morris, William, Muir, Annette, Munroe, Samantha, Nicholson, Áine, Nicolle, Dean, Nicotra, Adrienne B., Niinemets, Ülo, North, Tom, O’Reilly-Nugent, Andrew, O’Sullivan, Odhran S., Oberle, Brad, Onoda, Yusuke, Ooi, Mark K. J., Osborne, Colin P., Paczkowska, Grazyna, Pekin, Burak, Guilherme Pereira, Caio, Pickering, Catherine, Pickup, Melinda, Pollock, Laura J., Poot, Pieter, Powell, Jeff R., Power, Sally A., Prentice, Iain Colin, Prior, Lynda, Prober, Suzanne M., Read, Jennifer, Reynolds, Victoria, Richards, Anna E., Richardson, Ben, Roderick, Michael L., Rosell, Julieta A., Rossetto, Maurizio, Rye, Barbara, Rymer, Paul D., Sams, Michael A., Sanson, Gordon, Sauquet, Hervé, Schmidt, Susanne, Schönenberger, Jürg, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Sendall, Kerrie, Sinclair, Steve, Smith, Benjamin, Smith, Renee, Soper, Fiona, Sparrow, Ben, Standish, Rachel J., Staples, Timothy L., Stephens, Ruby, Szota, Christopher, Taseski, Guy, Tasker, Elizabeth, Thomas, Freya, Tissue, David T., Tjoelker, Mark G., Tng, David Yue Phin, de Tombeur, Félix, Tomlinson, Kyle, Turner, Neil C., Veneklaas, Erik J., Venn, Susanna, Vesk, Peter, Vlasveld, Carolyn, Vorontsova, Maria S., Warren, Charles A., Warwick, Nigel, Weerasinghe, Lasantha K., Wells, Jessie, Westoby, Mark, White, Matthew, Williams, Nicholas S. G., Wills, Jarrah, Wilson, Peter G., Yates, Colin, Zanne, Amy E., Zemunik, Graham, and Ziemińska, Kasia

Published
2021
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30. Author Correction: DSYB catalyses the key step of dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis in many phytoplankton

Author

Curson, Andrew R. J., Williams, Beth T., Pinchbeck, Benjamin J., Sims, Leanne P., Martínez, Ana Bermejo, Rivera, Peter Paolo L., Kumaresan, Deepak, Mercadé, Elena, Spurgin, Lewis G., Carrión, Ornella, Moxon, Simon, Cattolico, Rose Ann, Kuzhiumparambil, Unnikrishnan, Guagliardo, Paul, Clode, Peta L., Raina, Jean-Baptiste, and Todd, Jonathan D.

Published
2019
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40. Differences in foliar phosphorus fractions, rather than in cell-specific phosphorus allocation, underlie contrasting photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency among chickpea genotypes.

Author

Wen, Zhihui, Pang, Jiayin, Wang, Xiao, Gille, Clément E, Borda, Axel De, Hayes, Patrick E, Clode, Peta L, Ryan, Megan H, Siddique, Kadambot H M, Shen, Jianbo, and Lambers, Hans

Subjects
CHICKPEA, X-ray microanalysis, GENOTYPES, PHOSPHORUS, PHOTOSYNTHETIC rates, NUCLEIC acids
Abstract

Although significant intraspecific variation in photosynthetic phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PPUE) has been shown in numerous species, we still know little about the biochemical basis for differences in PPUE among genotypes within a species. Here, we grew two high PPUE and two low PPUE chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes with low P supply in a glasshouse to compare their photosynthesis-related traits, total foliar P concentration ([P]) and chemical P fractions (i.e. inorganic P (Pi), metabolite P, lipid P, nucleic acid P, and residual P). Foliar cell-specific nutrient concentrations including P were characterized using elemental X-ray microanalysis. Genotypes with high PPUE showed lower total foliar [P] without slower photosynthetic rates. No consistent differences in cellular [P] between the epidermis and mesophyll cells occurred across the four genotypes. In contrast, high PPUE was associated with lower allocation to Pi and metabolite P, with PPUE being negatively correlated with the percentage of these two fractions. Furthermore, a lower allocation to Pi and metabolite P was correlated with a greater allocation to nucleic acid P, but not to lipid P. Collectively, our results suggest that a different allocation to foliar P fractions, rather than preferential P allocation to specific leaf tissues, underlies the contrasting PPUE among chickpea genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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44. Revealing the transfer pathways of cyanobacterial-fixed N into the boreal forest through the feather-moss microbiome.

Author

Arróniz-Crespo, María, Bougoure, Jeremy, Murphy, Daniel V., Cutler, Nick A., Souza-Egipsy, Virginia, Chaput, Dominique L., Jones, Davey L., Ostle, Nicholas, Wade, Stephen C., Clode, Peta L., and DeLuca, Thomas H.

Abstract

Introduction: Biological N2 fixation in feather-mosses is one of the largest inputs of new nitrogen (N) to boreal forest ecosystems; however, revealing the fate of newly fixed N within the bryosphere (i.e. bryophytes and their associated organisms) remains uncertain. Methods: Herein, we combined 15N tracers, high resolution secondary ion mass-spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and a molecular survey of bacterial, fungal and diazotrophic communities, to determine the origin and transfer pathways of newly fixed N2 within feather-moss (Pleurozium schreberi) and its associated microbiome. Results: NanoSIMS images reveal that newly fixed N2, derived from cyanobacteria, is incorporated into moss tissues and associated bacteria, fungi and micro-algae. Discussion: These images demonstrate that previous assumptions that newly fixed N2 is sequestered into moss tissue and only released by decomposition are not correct. We provide the first empirical evidence of new pathways for N2 fixed in feather-mosses to enter the boreal forest ecosystem (i.e. through its microbiome) and discuss the implications for wider ecosystem function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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47. DMSP biosynthesis by an animal and its role in coral thermal stress response

Author

Raina, Jean-Baptiste, Tapiolas, Dianne M., Foret, Sylvain, Lutz, Adrian, Abrego, David, Ceh, Janja, Seneca, Francois O., Clode, Peta L., Bourne, David G., Willis, Bette L., and Motti, Cherie A.

Subjects
Corals -- Physiological aspects, Biosynthesis -- Research, Organosulfur compounds -- Physiological aspects, Coral reef ecology -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Globally, reef-building corals are the most prolific producers of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) (1,2), a central molecule in the marine sulphur cycle and precursor of the climate-active gas dimethylsulphide (3,4). At present, DMSP production by corals is attributed entirely to their algal endosymbiont, Symbiodinium (2). Combining chemical, genomic and molecular approaches, we show that coral juveniles produce DMSP in the absence of algal symbionts. DMSP levels increased up to 54% over time in newly settled coral juveniles lacking algal endosymbionts, and further increases, up to 76%, were recorded when juveniles were subjected to thermal stress. We uncovered coral orthologues of two algal genes recently identified in DMSP biosynthesis, strongly indicating that corals possess the enzymatic machinery necessary for DMSP production. Our results overturn the paradigm that photosynthetic organisms are the sole biological source of DMSP, and highlight the double jeopardy represented by worldwide declining coral cover, as the potential to alleviate thermal stress through coral-produced DMSP declines correspondingly., It is widely accepted that the production of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), a central molecule in the marine sulphur cycle, is restricted to marine algae and a few species of intertidal plants [...]

Published
2013

48. Nature's functional nanomaterials: Growth or self-assembly?

Author

Wilts, Bodo, Clode, Peta, Patel, Nipam, and Schröder-Turk, Gerd

Subjects
optical properties, nucleation and growth, nanostructure, self-assembly, biological
Abstract

Nature’s optical nanomaterials are poised to form the platform for future optical devices with unprecedented functionality. The brilliant colors of many animals arise from the physical interaction of light with nanostructured, multifunctional materials. While their length scale is typically in the 100-nm range, the morphology of these structures can vary strongly. These biological nanostructures are obtained in a precisely controlled manner, using biomaterials under ambient conditions. The formation processes nature employs use elements of both equilibrium self-assembly and far-from-equilibrium and growth processes. This renders not only the colors themselves, but also the formation processes, technologically and ecologically highly relevant. Yet, for many biological nanostructured materials, little is known about the formation mechanisms—partially due to a lack of in vivo imaging methods. Here, we present the toolbox of natural multifunctional nanostructures and the current knowledge about the understanding of their far-from-equilibrium assembly processes.

Published
2020

50. Nanoparticle factories: biofilms hold the key to gold dispersion and nugget formation

Author

Reith, Frank, Fairbrother, Lintern, Nolze, Gert, Wilhelmi, Oliver, Clode, Peta L., Gregg, Adrienne, Parsons, John E., Wakelin, Steven A., Pring, Allan, Hough, Robert, Southam, Gordon, and Brugger, Joel

Subjects
Nanoparticles -- Research, Gold ores -- Properties, Microbial mats -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Biofilms living on gold (Au) grains play a key role in the biogeochemical cycle of Au by promoting the dispersion of Au via the formation of Au nanoparticles as well as the formation of secondary biomorphic Au. Gold grains from Queensland, Australia, are covered by a polymorphic, organic-inorganic layer that is up to 40 [micro]m thick. It consists of a bacterial biofilm containing Au nanoparticles associated with extracellular polymeric substances as well as bacterioform Au. Focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning through the biofilm revealed that aggregates of nanoparticulate Au line open spaces beneath the active biofilm layer. These aggregates (bacterioform Au type 1) resulted from the reprecipitation of dissolved Au, and their internal growth structures provide direct evidence for coarsening of the Au grains. At the contact between the polymorphic layer and the primary Au, bacterioform Au type 2 is present. It consists of solid rounded forms into which crystal boundaries of underlying primary Au extend, and is the result of dealloying and Ag dissolution from the primary Au. This study demonstrates that (1) microbially driven dissolution, precipitation, and aggregation lead to the formation of bacterioform Au and contribute to the growth of Au grains under supergene conditions, and (2) the microbially driven mobilization of coarse Au into nanoparticles plays a key role in mediating the mobility of Au in surface environments, because the release of nanoparticulate Au upon biofilm disintegration greatly enhances environmental mobility compared to Au complexes only. doi: 10.1130/G31052.1

Published
2010

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