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Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cadmium(II) is an important ecotoxic pollutant and may cause health problems if accumulated in the human body. This study focused on the removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions using newly isolated fungus dry mass as the adsorber. The fungus was isolated from soil and identified as Fenellia nivea, based on 18S rRNA sequence analysis. Cadmium(II) biosorption studies were carried out as a function of pH, biomass dose, initial metal concentration, contact time, and temperature. The pH of the aqueous solution strongly influenced the removal percent of Cd(II). The highest cadmium removal yield was obtained at pH 7 (4.9 mg/g) as well as below pH 4, very low yield biosorption of Cd(II) was observed. In the first 5 min, almost 50% Cd(II) ions were removed from the solution and reached equilibrium within 1,440 min at pH 7. Adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir model as well as the dimensionless constant is zero that corresponds to the irreversible adsorption of Cd(II) ions on biomass. The reaction rate constant for the pseudo-second-order adsorption process was found as 3.74 × 10-3 g/mg min. The adsorption process was determined as endothermic and spontaneous with negative standard Gibbs energy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination of drinking and surface waters with microorganisms is a problem that attracts attention because it threatens human health. One of the microorganisms that determine fecal contamination in water is a bacteriophage that infects coliform bacteria. A fast, real-time, sensitive, and low-cost alternative method is the nanosensor system for microorganism detection. This study aimed to develop a surface plasmon resonance nanosensor for the detection of T4 bacteriophages using nanoparticle- and nanofilm-based polymers. In this context, nanoparticle and nanofilm-based imprinted polymers were synthesized to develop nanosensors, and their efficacy was compared in fecal pollution determination in water. Following the characterization studies, nanoparticle and nanofilm-based plasmonic nanosensors were used to carry out kinetic studies in the 1 × 104–4 × 106 pfu mL−1 concentration range in buffer, sea, and tap water sample solutions. Reusability and selectivity studies were also performed. According to the results, the nanoparticle and nanofilm-based plasmonic nanosensors could measure with 98% and 81% precision, respectively. The limit of detection values was calculated as 6 × 103 pfu mL−1 and 8 × 103 pfu mL−1 for the nanoparticle and the nanofilm-based plasmonic nanosensors, respectively. In addition, the recovery value of the nanoparticle-based plasmonic nanosensor was calculated as 91–96%, while the nanofilm-based plasmonic nanosensor was calculated as 85–90% in tap and seawater samples. All results showed that both plasmonic nanosensors could detect with high selectivity, but the nanoparticle-based plasmonic nanosensor has higher sensitivity than the nanofilm-based plasmonic nanosensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diclofenac (2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drug. Due to excessive use of diclofenac, this drug has been detected in surface water, ground water and drinking water. In our study, four fungal strain Trametes trogii, Aspergillus niger, Yarrowia lipolytica and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated in terms of diclofenac degradation potential. Trametes trogii was found to be the most effi cient strain with 100% diclofenac degradation rate. Two hydroxylated diclofenac metabolites have been identifi ed in culture medium. Crude laccase from T. trogii almost completely removed diclofenac with 97% removal in 48 h. We suggest that the degradation of diclofenac depends on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and laccase activity. After 24 h incubation decrease in toxicity of diclofenac was confi rmed by Microtox test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipase production was examined with 3 strains of Yarrowia lipolytica: NBRC 1658, IFO 1195, and a local strain. All strains were obtained from Hacettepe University's Department of Food Engineering. The addition of nitrogen and carbon sources and the effects of initial pH and temperature parameters were studied. For all 3 strains, the growth temperature range was 20-40 °C, and maximum growth was determined at 30 °C. The initial pH range was 6-9 for growth and 3-6 for lipase production. Maximum growth results were detected as follows: Y. lipolytica NBRC 1658 at 30 °C and pH 8, Y. lipolytica IFO 1195 at 30 °C and pH 8-9, and Y. lipolytica local strain at 30 °C and pH 7. However, maximum lipase production was detected at 30 °C and pH 4.4 for Y. lipolytica NBRC 1658, at 30 °C and pH 4.8 for Y. lipolytica IFO 1195, and at 30 °C and pH 4.6 for Y. lipolytica local strain. The effects of various nitrogen sources on lipase production showed that ammonium sulfate increased the lipase production, whereas urea, peptone, and casein did not show a distinct effect on lipase production. The addition of various sugars also did not increase lipase production efficiently. However, some oils showed a distinct effect on lipase production. The highest lipase activity determined was 16 U/mL, with the addition of 1% ammonium sulfate and 1% olive oil into the production medium of Y. lipolytica NBRC 1658. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human fecal contamination is a crucial threat that results in difficulties in access to clean water. Enterococcus faecalis is a bacteria which is utilized as an indicator in polluted water. Nevertheless, existing strategies face several challenges, including low affinity and the need for labelling, which limit their access to large scale applications. Herein, a label-free fingerprint of the surface proteins of waterborne bacteria on a sensor was demonstrated for real-time bacteria detection from aqueous and water samples. The kinetic performance of the sensor was evaluated and shown to have a range of detection that spanned five orders of magnitude, having a low detection limit (3.4 × 104 cfu/mL) and a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9957). The sensor also designated a high selectivity while other competitor bacteria were employed. The capability for multiple usage and long shelf-life are superior to other modalities. This is an impressive surface modification method that uses the target itself as a recognition element, ensuring a broad range of variability to replicate others with different structure, size and physical and chemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceuticals are widely used for treating human and animal diseases. Naproxen [(S) 6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthalene acetic acid] and its sodium salt are members of the α-arylpropionic acid group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Due to excessive usage of naproxen, this drug has been determined even in drinking water. In this study, four fungal strains Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Funalia trogii, Aspergillus niger, and Yarrowia lipolytica were investigated in terms of naproxen removal abilities. According to LC/MS data, A. niger was found the most efficient strain with 98% removal rate. Two main by-products of fungal transformation, O-desmethylnaproxen and 7-hydroxynaproxen, were identified by using LC/MS, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. Our results showed that O-demethylation and hydroxylation of naproxen is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzyme system.